Civil War - Outline #4 – Chapters Civil War - Outline #4 – Chapters 16-1716-17

C. Summer of 1861 =C. Summer of 1861 =both armies both armies marched off with flags flying and marched off with flags flying and drums beating, each expecting to drums beating, each expecting to win and win and tto win quickly (in time they o win quickly (in time they would realized no quick victory was would realized no quick victory was in site)in site)

+ + Fighting would take place in 3 Fighting would take place in 3 main areas, the southeast, the main areas, the southeast, the southwest, and at sea.southwest, and at sea.

1. Union Strategy (3 stages)1. Union Strategy (3 stages)

a.a.

Blockade Southern ports, Blockade Southern ports, cutting off any supplies from cutting off any supplies from EuropeEurope

b. b.

Seize Richmond, VASeize Richmond, VA

Take the capital and the Take the capital and the government, the war may end government, the war may end earlierearlier

c.c.

Take control of the Mississippi Take control of the Mississippi RiverRiver

Keep supplies down, cut the Keep supplies down, cut the CSA in halfCSA in half

A Union Gunboat, Part of the A Union Gunboat, Part of the Blockade of the SouthBlockade of the South

2. Confederate Strategy =2. Confederate Strategy =

Fight a defensive warFight a defensive war

hoped North would tire of warhoped North would tire of war

hoped the North would get rid of hoped the North would get rid of LincolnLincoln

a. What was the South a. What was the South relying upon? Why?relying upon? Why?

Counted on European supplies Counted on European supplies and recognize South as an and recognize South as an independent countryindependent country

use commerce, in exchange for use commerce, in exchange for their cottontheir cotton

Union StrategyControl river systems and split the Confederacy in half and isolate the

3 sections.Union Leaders:

General Ulysses S. GrantUnion Army:

Army of the West

Confederate StrategyConfederate StrategyFight a defensive war and drive

Union out of SouthConfederate Leader: Several different generalsConfederate Army:

Army of Tennessee

USA General Ulysses S. Grant

3. Battle of Bull Run = 3. Battle of Bull Run = on July on July 21, 1861, untrained troops from 21, 1861, untrained troops from both sides met here in Virginia.both sides met here in Virginia.

Battle of Manassas – Battle of Manassas – the South the South named battles after nearest town, named battles after nearest town, the North named battles after the the North named battles after the nearest body of waternearest body of water

Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas), July, 1861

Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas), July, 1861

Lincoln sent Lincoln sent 30,000 30,000

inexperienced inexperienced soldiers to fight at soldiers to fight at

Bull RunBull Run..

Lincoln sent Lincoln sent 30,000 30,000

inexperienced inexperienced soldiers to fight at soldiers to fight at

Bull RunBull Run..

a. How did the citizens come a. How did the citizens come prepared to the battle? Why prepared to the battle? Why were they disappointed?were they disappointed?

Followed the army from DC, Followed the army from DC, festive, many brought picnic festive, many brought picnic baskets of food and drinkbaskets of food and drink

Disappointed that the Disappointed that the Southerners did not turn and Southerners did not turn and runrun

b. Who was the Southern b. Who was the Southern hero and why?hero and why?

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, the Commandant from VMI with the Commandant from VMI with his recently trained cadetshis recently trained cadets

Jackson held his ground “like a Jackson held his ground “like a stone wall” and stopped the stone wall” and stopped the CSA retreatCSA retreat

c. What may have happened c. What may have happened if the Southern troops pursued if the Southern troops pursued the fleeing Northern troops?the fleeing Northern troops?

The might have been able to The might have been able to capture the USA capital, capture the USA capital, causing havoc amongst the causing havoc amongst the NorthNorth

Northern troops were pushed back to D.C.Northern troops were pushed back to D.C. South won this battle but “South won this battle but “lost the warlost the war”.”. WHY?WHY? Failed to capture Washington, D.C. Failed to capture Washington, D.C. Would never be so close to Washington, D.C.Would never be so close to Washington, D.C.

Northern troops were pushed back to D.C.Northern troops were pushed back to D.C. South won this battle but “South won this battle but “lost the warlost the war”.”. WHY?WHY? Failed to capture Washington, D.C. Failed to capture Washington, D.C. Would never be so close to Washington, D.C.Would never be so close to Washington, D.C.

Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas), July, 1861

Battle of Bull Run (1st Manassas), July, 1861

d. What did the battle show d. What did the battle show each side?each side?

The war was to be long and The war was to be long and very bloodyvery bloody

soldier needed trainingsoldier needed training

4. Union General George 4. Union General George McClellan =McClellan =

Appointed commander of the Appointed commander of the Union Army (Army of the Union Army (Army of the Potomac) after the loss at Bull Potomac) after the loss at Bull RunRun

superb organizer, transformed superb organizer, transformed inexperienced recruits into inexperienced recruits into trained soldierstrained soldiers

General General George B. George B. McClellanMcClellan

a. Too Cautious =a. Too Cautious =

Delayed leading troops into Delayed leading troops into battlebattle

Lincoln was losing patience, Lincoln was losing patience, forced McClellan to fightforced McClellan to fight

always worried about the always worried about the numbers (did not want to be numbers (did not want to be outnumbered, wanted outnumbered, wanted guaranteed victories)guaranteed victories)

b. McClellan’s push on b. McClellan’s push on Richmond (sum up) =Richmond (sum up) =

March 1862, moved out of DC March 1862, moved out of DC towards Richmondtowards Richmond

CSA Lee launched CSA Lee launched counterattacks, USA McClellan counterattacks, USA McClellan abandoned attacks laterabandoned attacks later

CSA Lee sent CSA “Stonewall” CSA Lee sent CSA “Stonewall” Jackson to march on DC, Jackson to march on DC, keeping Union reserves in DCkeeping Union reserves in DC

Peninsula Peninsula Campaign, Campaign,

18621862

Union Blockade = Union Blockade = with the possession of the with the possession of the majority of the naval ships, the Union majority of the naval ships, the Union enforced a blockade on enforced a blockade on the South (not letting goods in or out of the South (not letting goods in or out of the South, attempting to starve and the South, attempting to starve and financially break the South). financially break the South). Blockade Blockade RunnersRunners were used by the South to were used by the South to counter the problem the blockade counter the problem the blockade presented. The runners were small fast presented. The runners were small fast boats that would slip through the boats that would slip through the blockades, bringing in the necessary blockades, bringing in the necessary supplies.supplies.

1. How successful was the 1. How successful was the blockade eventually?blockade eventually?

Trade to Southern ports Trade to Southern ports dropped by more than 90%dropped by more than 90%

CSA tried to break the blockade CSA tried to break the blockade with ironcladswith ironclads

2. The 2. The MerrimacMerrimac versus the versus the MonitorMonitor

a. The a. The Merrimac / Virginia Merrimac / Virginia ==

The CSA took the abandoned Union The CSA took the abandoned Union warship, the Merrimac (run aground) and warship, the Merrimac (run aground) and added it to their fleet (renamed the added it to their fleet (renamed the Virginia)Virginia)

CSA covered the wood with 4 inch thick CSA covered the wood with 4 inch thick metal plates metal plates

Promptly destroyed 2 Union boats and Promptly destroyed 2 Union boats and ran 3 others agroundran 3 others aground

Union ships could not penetrate the steelUnion ships could not penetrate the steel

b. Describe the battle =b. Describe the battle =

The Union countered with their own The Union countered with their own ironclad, the Monitorironclad, the Monitor

Both boats were not seriously damaged Both boats were not seriously damaged and left in a drawand left in a draw

South considered this a victory due to South considered this a victory due to not losingnot losing

The CSA Virginia was later sunk by the The CSA Virginia was later sunk by the CSA, did not want the Union to take it CSA, did not want the Union to take it over after the fall of Norfolkover after the fall of Norfolk

Merrimack Versus the Monitor Merrimack Versus the Monitor

c. How did this battle change c. How did this battle change naval warfare?naval warfare?

Now navies were to be made of Now navies were to be made of metalmetal

Union built an additional 50 Union built an additional 50 ironclads ironclads

South never had another South never had another serious naval threat during the serious naval threat during the warwar

E. Lee on the Offensive = E. Lee on the Offensive = Lee, the Lee, the Southern Commander, in September Southern Commander, in September 1862, advanced his troops into1862, advanced his troops intoMaryland. Lee felt a Confederate Maryland. Lee felt a Confederate victory on Northern soil would be a great victory on Northern soil would be a great blow to the North’s morale.Unfortunately blow to the North’s morale.Unfortunately for Lee, Union General McClellan found for Lee, Union General McClellan found out his plans when a careless out his plans when a careless Confederate general had left Lee’s Confederate general had left Lee’s plans behind at an abandoned plans behind at an abandoned Confederate campsite.Confederate campsite.

+ What was Lee’s military + What was Lee’s military belief?belief?

Thought a victory on Northern Thought a victory on Northern soil would be a blow to the soil would be a blow to the Northern morale Northern morale

1. Battle of Antietam (sum up) = 1. Battle of Antietam (sum up) =

McClellan was again slow to act, McClellan was again slow to act, attacking days later, Sept 17, attacking days later, Sept 17, 18621862

23,000 Union and CSA soldiers 23,000 Union and CSA soldiers killed or woundedkilled or wounded

McClellan was again slow to McClellan was again slow to act, attacking days later, Sept act, attacking days later, Sept 17, 186217, 1862

23,000 Union and CSA soldiers 23,000 Union and CSA soldiers were killed or woundedwere killed or wounded

a. Antietam Winner?a. Antietam Winner?

Lee retreated at night on September Lee retreated at night on September 18, CSA’s army survived, Union 18, CSA’s army survived, Union McClellan did not pursueMcClellan did not pursue

North claimed victory due to CSA North claimed victory due to CSA retreatretreat

Lincoln was upset, McClellan did not Lincoln was upset, McClellan did not pursuepursue

McClellan is replaced by Ambrose McClellan is replaced by Ambrose BurnsideBurnside

Dead Soldiers after AntietamDead Soldiers after Antietam

2. Battle of Fredericksburg 2. Battle of Fredericksburg (sum up) =(sum up) =

December 1862, CSA Lee dug in December 1862, CSA Lee dug in on a crest of a hill outside on a crest of a hill outside Fredericksburg, VAFredericksburg, VA

CSA mowed downed wave after CSA mowed downed wave after wave of Union troopswave of Union troops

one of the worst Union defeats, one of the worst Union defeats, 13,000 Union dead, only 5,000 13,000 Union dead, only 5,000 CSACSA

3. Battle of Chancellorsville 3. Battle of Chancellorsville (sum up) =(sum up) =

May of 1863, CSA Lee and CSA May of 1863, CSA Lee and CSA Stonewall Jackson Stonewall Jackson outmaneuvered Union forces in outmaneuvered Union forces in Chancellorsville, VA in thick Chancellorsville, VA in thick woodswoods

CSA defeated the Union forces CSA defeated the Union forces in the 3 day battlein the 3 day battle

a. Lee’s response, “I have a. Lee’s response, “I have lost my right arm” = lost my right arm” =

During the battle, CSA sentries During the battle, CSA sentries (lookouts) thought approaching (lookouts) thought approaching troops were Union troopstroops were Union troops

Mistakenly shot Stonewall Mistakenly shot Stonewall Jackson, who died days laterJackson, who died days later

F. Grant in the West = F. Grant in the West = While the While the Union commander McClellan moved Union commander McClellan moved slowly against Lee, Union General slowly against Lee, Union General Ulysses S. Grant moved much more Ulysses S. Grant moved much more quickly and deadly towards the quickly and deadly towards the Union goal of taking the Mississippi Union goal of taking the Mississippi River (dividing the Confederacy). River (dividing the Confederacy). Grant’s forces took Forts Henry and Grant’s forces took Forts Henry and Donelson in Tennessee, forts that Donelson in Tennessee, forts that guarded important tributaries of the guarded important tributaries of the Mississippi.Mississippi.

Theater/Battles 1862Theater/Battles 1862

1. Battle of Shiloh (sum up the 1. Battle of Shiloh (sum up the situation and the first day) = situation and the first day) =

Shiloh, village on the Shiloh, village on the Tennessee RiverTennessee River

April 6, US Grant is surprised by April 6, US Grant is surprised by CSA troops and driven back to CSA troops and driven back to the riverthe river

a. The second day and a. The second day and results =results =

With reinforcements, US Grant beat With reinforcements, US Grant beat back the CSA troopsback the CSA troops

one of the bloodiest conflicts of the one of the bloodiest conflicts of the warwar

Grant knew he had the numbers, Grant knew he had the numbers, willing to lose large number of men willing to lose large number of men for victory (Lincoln starting to take for victory (Lincoln starting to take notice of Grant)notice of Grant)

2. What Union goal was 2. What Union goal was achieved and how (in addition to achieved and how (in addition to the victory at Shiloh)?the victory at Shiloh)?

While Union Grant was fighting at Shiloh, While Union Grant was fighting at Shiloh, the Union Navy was gaining control of the Union Navy was gaining control of other portions of the Mississippiother portions of the Mississippi

New Orleans, LA, and Memphis, TN soon New Orleans, LA, and Memphis, TN soon fellfell

the South could no longer use the river as the South could no longer use the river as a supply linea supply line

Split the CSA in halfSplit the CSA in half