Post on 28-Dec-2015
transcript
CLASS 5
GRAND THEORIES GRAND THEORIES
OF PERSONALITYOF PERSONALITY
• grand theories put it all together
• only a few psychologists have tried
• the three most important of these are……..
Freud 1895-1910
Freud 1910-1925
Freud 1925-1940
PSYCHO-DYNAMICTHEORY
AKA
• FREUDIAN PSYCHOLOGY
• PSYCHO-ANALYSIS
• DEEP PSYCHOLOGY
a most elaborate theory
• We can only touch on the surface of several pieces of the theory:– Motivational model (big two)– Structure of the mind (levels of awareness)– Structure of personality (dynamics)– Model of development (stages)– Measurement techniques
Motivational Model
• Driving forces of life
• Two major motivations
SEX
• Life instinct = EROSEROS
• Libido = current level
AGGRESSION
• Death instinct = THANATOS
–Aggression toward self
–Aggression toward others
Two broad motivations
• More general meaning than usual
• equivalent to Positive and Negative life forces
• Both socially undesirable: need defense
Freud’s Many methods
1. Case study
2. Hypnosis
3. Dream Analysis
4. Free association
5. Projective tests
WHY NECESSARY?• all designed to get around the patient’s defenses• Behavior is symbolic
1. Case study method
DoraAnna O.
2. Hypnosis
-put patient into altered state
- to avoid defenses
3. Dream Analysis
• Manifest content– Patient’s description
Dream-work
• Latent content – requires interpretation of symbols
4. Free Association
• open-ended method– -therapist listens to your stream-of-
consciousness
• priming method– therapist provides a series of key words– response delay indicates the sore spots
5. Projective Tests
• ambiguous stimuli
• people ‘project’ their thoughts
• patient’s interpretation reveals innermost thoughts
Rorschach
e. g., Rorschach Ink Blot test
• you are what you see
• originally very casual
• later systematized by Holtzmann
STRUCTURE OF THE MIND
-more complex than previously assumed
-has compartments
-therefore, can do strange things
1. Conscious mind
2. Pre-conscious mind
3. Un-conscious mind
<catch Figure 12.8>
Iceberg metaphor
STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY
id Pleasure principle
superego Idealistic principle
ego Reality principle
STAGE THEORY
• Oral stage
• Anal stage (retentive vs. expulsive)
• Phallic stage
• Latency period
• Genital stage