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HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Chapter 13 Notes
HOLE'S HA&P I CHAPTER THIRTEEN
OBJECTIVES
1. Define hormone. 2. Distinguish between endocrine and exocrine glands. 3. Explain what makes a cell a target cell for a hormone. 4. List some important functions of hormones. 5. Describe how hormones can be classified according to their chemical composition. 6. Explain how steroid and nonsteroid hormones affect their target cells. 7. Discuss how negative feedback mechanisms regulate hormone secretion. 8. Explain how the nervous system controls hormone secretion. 9. Name and describe the locations of the major endocrine glands, and list the hormones that they secrete. 10. Describe the actions of the various hormones and their contributions to homeostasis. 11. Explain how the secretion of each hormone is regulated. 12. Distinguish between physical and psychological stress. 13. Describe the general stress response. 14. Describe some of the changes associated with ageing of the endocrine system.
13.1-13.2 General Characteristics of the Endocrine System
Exocrine Endocrine
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM I HA&P Notes Chapter 13 page 1
Comparing the Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Nervous System Endocrine System
Cells that produce
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Duration of action
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Types of Hormones
Steroid Hormones Non-steroid Hormones
Type of Biochemical
Molecule t_ ■ PID
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Method of action
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM l HA&1=7Chapter 13 page 2
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Details of Steroid /Hormone Action (table 13.4)
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM I HA&P Notes Chapter 13 page 3
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM I HA&P
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GHRH
Structure
Hypothalamus Pituitary
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HYPOTHALAMUS
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM I HA&P Notes Chapter 13 page 5
Disorders of...
ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND Structure
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM I HA&P Notes Chapter 13 page 6
GH
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TSH
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM I HA&P Notes Chapter 13 page 8
THYROID GLAND
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PARATHYROID GLAND
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM HA&P Notes Chapter 13 page 12 7:04Lik '1' p; it ert— (a 4 4,44,- 60.--.0(")
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM I HA&P Notes Chapter 13 page 13
PANCREAS
Structure 6a it 3i14,Mr
Hormones (Islets)
Glucagon
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM I HA&P Notes Chapter 13 page 14
Disorders of...
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM I HA&P Notes Chapter 13 page 15
Abbreviation Type (P / S / TO) Produced by what organ? Target Cell? Effect
Thyrotropin -Releasing Hormone TRH P Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary Gland Causes release of TSH
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone GnRH P Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary Gland Causes release of LH, FSH
Growth Hormone -Releasing Hormone GHRH P Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary Gland Causes release of GH
Corticotropin -Releasing Hormone CRH P Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary Gland Causes release of ACTH
Somatostatin SS P Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary Gland Inhibits release of GH
Dopamine (Prolactin release - inhibiting Hormone) Phil TD Hypothalamus Anterior Pituitary Gland Inhibits release of PRL
Thyroid.Stimulating Hormone TSH P Anterior Pituitary Thyroid Causes release of Thyroid Hormones
Follicie-Stimualting Hormone FSH P Anterior Pituitary Ovaries / Testes Women: development of follicles
Male: Stimulates production of sperm
teutinizing Hormone ' LH P Anterior Pituitary Ovaries/Testes Men: test production Women: development of
the corpus leuteum / Ovulation
Proiactin PRL P Anterior Pituitary Mammary Glands
Stimulates growth of mammary glands and
encourages milk production after birth... Men:
inhibits LH
Growth Hormone GH P Anterior Pituitary Epiphysial Plate, Muscles
Cell division, grwoth in long bones, encourages
uptake of a.a., increases prtein synthesis,
encourages cells to use fats not carbs
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ACTH P Anterior Pituitary Adrenal CORTEX Causes release of hormones from the adrenal
cortex
Curytocin OT P Posterior Pituitary Uterine Wall / Breast Pormotes lactation and prepares uterine wall for
childbirth.
Antidiuretic Hormone Wasopressin) ADH P Posterior Pituitary Kidney Causes kidneys to reduce water excretion.
ae ss blood m l ooRvtvhoml volume and BP) B
aSleep sr Circadian Wake
Melatonin - Tryptophan D Pineal Other portions of the brain Regulates
tnece
Thyroxine 11,1) T4 TD Thyroid Gland Various, (need a blood transport protein)
Set the BMR: Increases rate of Energy release
from carbs, increases protein synthesis,
accelerates growth, stimulates nervous system
Tniodothyronine 173) T3 TD Thyroid Gland Various, (need a blood transport protein) only 5%, but 5 times more potent than 14
CalcItonin - P Thyroid Gland bone/ kidney Inhibits osteoclasts (decreases blood
concentration of calcium and P)
tquast Parathyroid Hormone PTH P Parathyroid Gland Bone/Kidney/Intestines
Stimualtes Osteoclasts, Causes kidneys to conserve
Ca, excrete PO4, stimulates absorption thorugh
Vit.D
Glucocorticolds (like Cortlsoll - S Adrenal Cortex Various
Increases blood a.a. concentration , promotes
release of fatty acids from adipose tissue,
increases blood glucose.
Mlneralocorticolds (Like Aldosterone) - S Adrenal Cortex Kidney Tells Kidney to conserve Sopdium and excrete
Potassium / Linked to Renin/Angiotensis
Adrenal Andreogens - S Adrenal Cortex Various Backup sex hormones (esp. Androgens)
Epinepherine iCatacholarnine) / Adrenaline EPI TD Adrenal Medulla Various Fight or Flight
Norpinepherine (Catacholamlne)/ Noradrenaline NOREPI TO Adrenal Medulla Various Fight or Flight
Es Estrogen - - 5 Ovarian Follicle mommy parts Development of female secondary sex
characteristics / thickening of uterine lining
Progesterone - S Corpus Leuteum & Placenta mommy parts Causes uterus to become more vascular and
glandular
Human Chorionlc Gonadotropin HCG P Placenta Corpus Luteum
Sustains the corpus leuteum so that estorgen and
progesterone continues to be produced in early
pregnancy.
Androgens - S Testes Various Male Characteristics
Glucagon - P Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans) Liver Break down glycogen into glucose (increases blood
glucose)
Insulin - P Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans) Various (not nerves or excersising muslce) Decreases blood glucose levels
SomatostatIn SS P Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans) Various Inhibits Insulin and Glucagon
Amylln - P Pancreas Various reduction of food Intake, slowing of gastric
emptying, inhibition of digestive secretion
Erythropoietin EPO P Kidney Bone Stimulates production of RBCs, especially after
Hypoxia
CalcItrlole - S Kidney Intestines Like PTH, stimulates absorption of Vit 0
Atrial Natrluretic Hormone ANP P Heart kidneys/ Adrenal Cortex Inhibits renin and aldosterone.., this works to
lower blood volume