Bell Work:

Think about your CD, video game, DVD or

book collection at home. How would you

separate this collection into different

groups? What would the groups be? Try

to come up with 4 or 5.

Classification of organisms

The grouping of objects or information

based on similarities

Taxonomy: branch of biology that

classifies organisms

Carol Linnaeus

1707 – 1778

Created the classification system we use today based on similarities that reveal relationshipsEx: Bat is considered a

mammal because it has hair and provides milk for their young and not a bird because of the wings

Classification of Organisms

Kingdom

Phylum / Division

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Genus/Species

Binomial nomenclature: two word

naming system where the first word

identifies the genus (a similar group) and

the second identifies the species (a

characteristic)

Ex: Scientific name of modern humans is

Homo sapiens. Notice that the genus is

capitalized and the species is lowercase

Brown Squirrel

Kingdom: Animalia (animal)

Phylum: Chordata (has a backbone)

Class: Mammalia (has a backbone and nurses its young)

Order: Rodentia (has a backbone, nurses its young, and has long, sharp front teeth)

Family: Scuridae (has a backbone, nurses its young, has long, sharp front teeth, and has a bushy tail)

Genus: Tamiasciurus (has a backbone, nurses its young, has long, sharp front teeth, has a bushy tail, and climbs trees)

Species: hudsonicus (has a backbone, nurses its young, has long, sharp front teeth, has a bushy tail, and has brown fur on its back and white fur on its underparts)

Classification of two animals

Bobcat

Animalia

Chordata

Mammalia

Carnivora

Felidae

Lynx

rufus

Lynx

Animalia

Chordata

Mammalia

Carnivora

Felidae

Lynx

canadensis

Five Kingdom System

Bacteria

Protists

Fungi

Animals

Plants

Bacteria Unicellular, microscopic

Archaebacteria: thought to live in extreme environments (swamps, hydrothermal vents). Now found everywhere

Eubacteria: all of the other bacteria (~10,000)

Oldest fossil 3.5 billion years old

No nucleus Prokaryotic

Some have no chlorophyll Decomposers

Parasitic

Protists

Unicellular or multicellular; microscopic

Nucleus present, but lacks complex organ systemsEukaryotic

Autotrophic or heterotrophic

Lives in moist environments

Found in fossils up to 2

billion years ago

Red, Green and brown algae

are plant-like protists

Fungi

Eukaryotic

Either unicellular or

multicellular

No root, stem and leaf

No chlorophyll

decomposer or parasitic

Reproduce by forming

spores

First appeared in the

fossil record 400 million

years ago

~100,000 known species

Animals

Eukaryotic, multicellular Heterotrophs

Oldest animal fossil 600 million years old

Divided into two groups according to the

presence or absence of backbone:

Invertebrates : without backbone

Vertebrates : with backbone

Invertebrates

Invertebrates

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Divided into 5 groups:

Fish

Amphibians

Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Fish

Aquatic

Cold-blooded

Body covered with

wet and slimy scales

Streamlined body for

easy movement

through water

Fins for balance and

to control movement

Gills for breathing

External fertilization

Amphibians

Cold-blooded

Moist, scale-less skin

Limbs present

Larvae (tadpoles) use

gills for breathing;

adults use lungs

External fertilization

Reptiles

Cold-blooded

Body covered with

dry, hard scales

Live on land

Breathe with lungs

Internal fertilization;

lay shelled eggs

Birds

Warm-blooded

With feathers

With wings

Beak for feeding

Lungs for breathing

Internal fertilization;

lay shelled eggs

Warm-blooded

Hair on skin

Females have

mammary glands for

producing milk for

their offspring

Lungs for breathing

Internal fertilization;

embryos develop

inside mothers’ bodies

Mammals

Plants

Most plants contain photosynthetic pigments

(e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis

Autotrophic

Can be divided into two groups:

Non-flowering plants

Flowering plants

Oldest fossil 400 million years old

Roughly 500,000 known species

Non-flowering plants

4 groups:

Algae

Mosses

Ferns

Gymnosperms

Algae

Aquatic

Simple multicellular

plants

No root, stem or leaf

Contain photosynthetic

pigments (e.g.

chlorophyll) for

photosynthesis

Mosses

With simple leaves and stems

No roots

Reproduce by spores

Found in damp areas

Ferns

With true roots,

stems, leaves and

vascular tissues

Reproduce by

spores

Live in damp places

Gymnosperms

Reproduction by

producing seeds

Seeds develop in

cones, not enclosed

by fruits

naked seeds

Needle-shaped

leaves to reduce

water loss

Angiosperms (Flowering plants)

With flowers for

reproduction

Seeds are produced

inside the fruit

(matured ovary)

Dichotomous Key

Your Mission

Biology book page 474 & 475

Make a dichotomous key using beetles

Follow the procedure and answer

questions 1-3