•Hydrogeology, Aquifer Hydrogeology, Aquifer Geochemistry and Geochemistry and Water Quality at a Water Quality at a Potential Spring Water Potential Spring Water Source for Consumer Source for Consumer Bottled Water, Bay Bottled Water, Bay Springs, SSprings, SCC

IntroductionIntroduction• The Spring.The Spring.

• Location.Location.

• Sampling.Sampling.

• ResultsResults

• Hydrogeology.Hydrogeology.

The Spring.The Spring.

A flowing groundwater spring was A flowing groundwater spring was investigated to determine its potential for investigated to determine its potential for bottled spring water. bottled spring water.

FDAFDA definitiondefinition of of "spring water""spring water"The FDA definition of "spring water" requires that spring The FDA definition of "spring water" requires that spring

water pumped from a well water pumped from a well

(1) be from the same underground stratum as the spring, (1) be from the same underground stratum as the spring, as shown by a measurable hydraulic connection as shown by a measurable hydraulic connection between the borehole and the natural spring and between the borehole and the natural spring and

(2) have all the physical properties, and be of the same (2) have all the physical properties, and be of the same composition and quality, as the water that flows composition and quality, as the water that flows naturally through the spring.naturally through the spring.

LOCATIONLOCATION

Bay Springs is located in the sandhills, southeast of Bay Springs is located in the sandhills, southeast of Pageland, SC and southwest of Chesterfield, SCPageland, SC and southwest of Chesterfield, SC

Areal PhotographAreal Photograph

•pond

Hwy. S 13-329

Clean tan medium grained Clean tan medium grained sand exposed 100 feet from sand exposed 100 feet from spring.spring.

Water flows from unconsolidated medium to Water flows from unconsolidated medium to coarse grained clean white to tan sand. coarse grained clean white to tan sand. With a constant flow, the spring water With a constant flow, the spring water accumulates in small pool (about 4 x 4 accumulates in small pool (about 4 x 4 feet); the water is piped into a nearby feet); the water is piped into a nearby large pond. Overflow drains into a large pond. Overflow drains into a tributary of Big Black Creek that flows into tributary of Big Black Creek that flows into the Pee Dee Riverthe Pee Dee River

Hydrogeology.Hydrogeology.

Sampling location at Sampling location at spring.spring.

Water flowing from spring.Water flowing from spring.

Water from spring in Water from spring in pond.pond.

Sampling.Sampling.

Chemical characterization of spring water is a Chemical characterization of spring water is a common technique applied to lend insight into common technique applied to lend insight into the hydrogeology of springs and groundwater the hydrogeology of springs and groundwater flow systems and to determine suitability for flow systems and to determine suitability for drinking. drinking.

SamplingSampling

• ProcedureProcedure

• Samples for complete drinking Samples for complete drinking water standards 52 containers?water standards 52 containers?

•Procedure Details Procedure Details

• Fill sample containers, complete Fill sample containers, complete chain of custody, label and secure chain of custody, label and secure for shipping to laboratory.for shipping to laboratory.

Results - detailed chemical Results - detailed chemical analysis show that water-analysis show that water-quality met SC drinking-water quality met SC drinking-water standards, the water is very standards, the water is very pure. Most parameter were pure. Most parameter were BDL (Below Detection Limits), BDL (Below Detection Limits), with only small quantities of :with only small quantities of :

Lab Results - SummaryLab Results - SummaryAl = 0.068 mg/L., Ca = 1.22 mg/L. lron = 3 Al = 0.068 mg/L., Ca = 1.22 mg/L. lron = 3

mg/L. nitrate =1.01 mg/L.mg/L. nitrate =1.01 mg/L.

Metals Metals Ba = 0.29 mg/L., Na = 1.29 mg/L, Be = 0.0004 Ba = 0.29 mg/L., Na = 1.29 mg/L, Be = 0.0004 mg/L. mg/L.

Pesticides, volatile organics, EDB and DBCP - All Below Pesticides, volatile organics, EDB and DBCP - All Below Detection Limits Detection Limits

Total Dissolved Solids = 22.0 mg/L. Total Dissolved Solids = 22.0 mg/L.

Ph = 4.73 conductivity = 28 uhos/cm.Ph = 4.73 conductivity = 28 uhos/cm.

EconomicsEconomics• Potential Depends on Bottled

Water Demands

• Enough Good water.Enough Good water.

• Location?Location?

• Permits?Permits?

Questions ? Questions ?

• Thanks. Thanks.

• Don Privett Don Privett

• S.T.A.R. EnvironmentalS.T.A.R. Environmental