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transcript
Proceeding of
Universiti Putra MalaysiaMarch 26th – 28th, 2010
Persatuan Pelajar
Aceh
(PPA)-UPM
Ikatan Masyarakat
Aceh Malaysia
(IMAM)
Pemerintahan Aceh
Jointly Organized by :
Center for International Affairs
(CIA)-UPM
http://www.adic2010.yolasite.com
Click Here
i
PREFACE
The Aceh Development International Conference 2010 provides a good opportunity for sharing the information, knowledge and experiences amongst the scientist, practitioners, researchers and other professional in related fields in rebuilding Aceh issues. The conference also being an indicator to measure the progress of development activities in whole of Aceh and in all of affected sectors primarily public sectors which collapsed by the Tsunami. Hopefully, through this International conference, the beneficial outcomes will be attained for the sustainability development of Aceh province in the future. Last but not least, the editors team congratulate for all of participants, especially the authors who spent their time for joining this International event. Thank you. Editor Team Dandi Bachtiar Azhari Muhammad Syam Muhammad Sayuti Rahmat Fadhil
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ADVISORY COMMITTEE OF ADIC2010
Prof. Dr. Ir. T.M. Indra MahliaUniversiti Malaya (UM)
Malaysia
Prof. Ir. Dr. Mohd. Sapuan Salit Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Malaysia
Prof. Dr. HasanudinUniversitas Syiah Kuala (Unsyiah)
Indonesia
Prof. Dr. Ir. Hasanudin Z. Abidin Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Indonesia
Prof. Dr. Syahrizal AbbasInstitut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Ar‐Raniry
Indonesia
Dr. Syafiie Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Malaysia
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sabri Abd. MajidUniversiti Islam Antarabangsa (UIA)
Malaysia
Assoc. Prof. Puan Sri Nila Inangda Manyam Keumala Universiti Malaya (UM) Malaysia
vi
LIST OF CONTENT
Preface i
Advisory Committee of ADIC2010 ii
Organizing Committee of ADIC2010 iii
Message from Chairman of ADIC2010, Organizing Committee iv
Message from President of Aceh Club Malaysia v
List of Content vi
Education
1 Lisa Agustina, Nor Aishah Buang, Muhammad Hussin and Mazren Tikusan 1
PERSEPSI PELAJAR TERHADAP PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN SECARA PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING ( PBL) DALAM KURIKULUM TINGKAT SATUAN PENDIDIKAN
2 Abdul Halim, Hasan, Muhibuddin, Burhanuddin Yasin, Lilia Halim, T. Subahan and Kamisah Osman 13
THE EXISTENCE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CULTURE AMONG MALAYSIAN AND ACEHENESE STUDENTS
3 Mujiburrahman 18
PENDIDIKAN BERASASKAN BUDAYA: KAJIAN PELAKSANAAN SYARI’AT ISLAM DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP BUDAYA SEKOLAH ACEH
4 Anzaruddin Ahmad 31
MENGEMBALIKAN STATUS ACEH SEBAGAI HUB PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI NUSANTARA : DARI PERSPEKTIF RAKYAT MALAYSIA
5 Heri Priyanto 40
ACEH EDUCATION SYSTEM: CAN SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE IMPROVE STUDENTS’ LEARNING PROCESS?
6 Widharto 48
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND ENVIRONMENT EDUCATION IN INDONESIA: THE SPECIFIC ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY IN ASSISTING THE CONSERVATION PROGRAMS FOR NAD
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Politics
7 Fachrul Razi 57
PEMBANGUNAN DAN INTEGRASI POLITIK DI ACEH PASCA MOU HELSINKI: PERSPEKTIF PARTAI ACEH (PA)
8 Erman Anom and Indrawadi Tamin 72 JURNALISME BEBAS DAN BERTANGGUNG JAWAB DAN DEMOKRATISASI DI ACEH
Laws and Qanun
9 Zulkifli Daud and Sanep Ahmad 81
IMPLIKASI PELAKSANAAN QANUN ACEH NO. 7/2004 TERHADAP KEPATUHAN MEMBAYAR ZAKAT PENDAPATAN MELALUI INSTITUSI FORMAL PUNGUTAN ZAKAT (BAITALMAL)
10 Ridwan Hasan 91
ISLAMIC THEOLOGY AGAINST TO AQIQAH BIRTH OF THE BABY: (PERSPECTIVE OF THE TRADITION AND THE ISLAMIC CULTURE IN THE TERRITORY OF NANGGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM)
11 Abidin Nurdin 97
SUMBER LEGITIMASI DAN PERAN MPU DALAM PROSES LEGISLASI QANUN SYARI’AT ISLAM DI ACEH
12 Muslim Zainuddin 108
PERTIMBANGAN HAKIM DALAM MEMUTUSKAN PERKARA KHALWAT PADA MAHKAMAH SYAR’IYAH ACEH
13 Asnawi Abdullah 122
HEALTH QANUN AND HEALTH SECTOR REFORM IN ACEH
14 Bastiar Muhammad Taib 130
PANDANGAN DOSEN STAIN MALIKUSSALEH LHOKSEUMAWE TERHADAP PENERAPAN QANUN JINAYAH: ANALISIS PRO-KONTRA TERHADAP PENERAPAN HUKUMAN RAJAM DI PROVINSI ACEH
15 Fauzi Saleh 142
PENERAPAN SYARIAT ISLAM DI ACEH: EKSISTENSI SYARI’AT DALAM ADAT MEUKUTA ALAM
16 Abdul Wahid 156 PERANAN LEMBAGA ADAT DALAM MENDUKUNG PELAKSANAAN SYARI’AT ISLAM DI ACEH
Economics
17 Shabri Abdul Majid 169 EMPOWERISASI PERBANKAN SYARI’AT DI “BUMOE SYARIAT “ NANGGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM
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18 Ghazali Syamni, Zulkifli and Andria Zulfa 175
ANALISIS PERTUMBUHAN PEMBERIAN KREDIT SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH TSUNAMI PADA PERBANKAN DI KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE
19 Dahrinal, Ghazali Syamni and Tarmizi Abbas 182
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN DANA BERGULIR TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PEREMPUAN: STUDI KASUS BALAI PEREMPUAN JAMBO TIMU KEC. BLANG MANGAT KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE
20 Ghazali Syamni 188
SOSIAL KAPITAL DAN HUMAN CAPITAL SEBAGAI SALAH SATU FAKTOR PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI
21 Lodi H. Saputra, Ghazali Syamni and Muammar Khaddafi 194 ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN MANAJEMEN PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH: KASUS KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE
22 Yossi Diantimala and Syamsul Bahri 203
THE EFFECT OF HUMAN CAPITAL, STRUCTURAL CAPITAL, AND CUSTOMER CAPITAL ON BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTION IN BANDA ACEH AND ACEH BESAR
23 M. Ridha 215
EFEKTIFITAS PENGELOLAAN KREDIT PEUMAKMU NANGGROE DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN USAHA MIKRO DI LHOKSEUMAWE
24 Sofyan Syahnur 228
INCOME DISTRIBUTION ISSUE AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS IN ACEH PROVINCE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY BY USING A SAM APPROACH
25 Muhammad Arifai and Alfiandri 245
THE FACTORS AFFECTING IMPLEMENTATION PERFORMANCE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Strengthening of Local Culture
26 Ari Pahlawi bin Jauhari Ishak 257 THE COMPLEXES OF NORMS AND TRADITION IN ACEH
27 Lucky Zamzami 271 ANALYZE OF THEORY CONFLICT IN SEEING CULTURE AND ADAT DEVELOPMENT IN ACEHNESE
28 Fauzi Ali Amin and Sanusi M. Syarief 279 STRENGTHEN ADAT COMMUNITY FOR FOREST CONSERVATION
29 Adli Abdullah, Sulaiman Tripa and T. Muttaqin Mansur 288 TRADITIONAL WISDOM IN THE MANAGEMENT OF FISHERIES RESOURCES IN ACEH
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Religion
30 Muhammad Yusran Hadi 299 PENERAPAN SYARIAT ISLAM DI ACEH (KRITIKAN DAN TANGGAPAN)
31 Muntasir 309 DAYAH DAN ULAMA DALAM DINAMIKA SOSIO POLITIK MASYARAKAT ACEH
32 Mukhlisuddin Ilyas 318 PENDIDIKAN DAYAH MULAI HILANG IDENTITAS
33 Usammah 326 ULAMA DAN POLITIK: ANALISIS PEMIKIRAN TGK. H. IBRAHIM BARDAN (ABU PANTON)
34 Muhammad Abdurrahman 344 AGAMA SEBAGAI PILAR PEMBANGUNAN ACEH KE DEPAN
35 Hasanuddin Yusuf Adan 349 SYARIAT ISLAM DI ACEH: RUANG LINGKUP, PELANGGARAN DAN HUKUMAN
Psychology and Health
36 Fadilla Oktaviana 363
POSITIVE PARENTING, MEANS OF RECONSTRUCTS THE POSITIVE OF PSYCHOLOGY AND MENTAL FOR CHILDREN OF TSUNAMI VICTIMS
37 Safrilsyah Syarief, Jasmadi and Barmawi 368
KOHESI KELOMPOK DAN PARTISIPASI PEMELIHARAAN FASILITAS UMUM DI HUNIAN SEMENTARA GAMPOENG TURKI-ISTAMBUL, ACEH BESAR
38 Ai Kustiani, Syahroni and Dyah Raysa Laksitoresmi 380
PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITION RECOVERY EFFORTS CHILDREN POST-TSUNAMI ACEH AQUAPHOBIA SUFFERER THROUGH TELEQUA
39 Siti Rahmah 386
PENGALAMAN ANAK TERHADAP TINDAK KEKERASAN DI WILAYAH KONFLIK: STUDI KASUS PADA PANTI ASUHAN DI KABUPATEN ACEH UTARA
40 Ella Suzanna 396
PERMASALAHAN IBU MENYUSUI EKSKLUSIF (STUDI KASUS DI DESA MEUNASAH MESJID KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE)
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Public Service and Infrastructure
41 Naufal Bachri 409
IDENTIFIKASI DIMENSI KUALITAS PELAYANAN PADA RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DI PROPINSI ACEH (SUATU PENDEKATAN PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN)
42 Zulkarnain 418
AN ANALYSIS OF QUALITY OF WORKING LIFE: RELATION TO CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND DEMOGRAPIC FACTORS ON PUBLIC SERVICE EMPLOYEE
43 Naufal Bachri, Ahmad Azmi M. Ariffin and Azhar Haji Ahmad 428
IDENTIFYING THE DOMINANT FACTOR OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICE QUALITY OR THE FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AT MALIKUSSALEH UNIVERSITY
44 Muhammad Subhan and Ahmad Bashawir Abdul Ghani 441
FORMULASI STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PELABUHAN ACEH: SATU KONSEP
45 Rita Komalasari 458 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ACEHNESE LIBRARY POST-TSUNAMI
46 Yossi Diantimala 466
SERVICE QUALITY IN PUBLIC SECTOR: AN ANALYSIS OF MINIMUM SERVICE STANDARD (SPM) APPLIED IN ACEH PROVINCE
47 Yunita Arafah, Sylvia Agustina and Irin Caisarina 475
REVITALIZATION OF HERITAGE AREAS IN DOWNTOWN BANDA ACEH AS INTERCONNECTED PUBLIC OPEN SPACES BASED ON LINKAGE SYSTEM
Good Government Management
48 Asrizal Luthfi 487
PELEMBAGAAN DAN INTERNALISASI COMMUNITY BASED DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT KE DALAM KEBIJAKAN DI PROPINSI ACEH
49 Hafas Furqani 493
ACEH DAN EKONOMI REGIONAL ASIA TENGGARA: SINERGI LHEE SAGOE ACEH DAN IMT-GT
50 Erman Anom 502 DEMOKRATISASI DAN SELF GOVERNMENT DI ACEH: Kebijakan yang berkeadilan tentang Gender?
51 Muhammad Subhan 513
ACEH DAN PEMBANGUNAN KEPELABUHANAN: PERBANDINGAN ASPEK SEJARAH DAN KONTEMPORARI
52 Iskandar Zulkarnaen, Tubagus E. Faturrahman and A. Humam Hamid 528
PENGELOLAAN PROGRAM REINTEGRASI PASCA KONFLIK DI ACEH: KEBIJAKAN SETENGAH HATI
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Agriculture, Fisheries and Natural Resources
53 Muhammad Yasar, Chamhuri Siwar and Shaharudin Idrus 545
KONVERSI LAHAN; SAWAH MENJADI PENGGUNAAN NON PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR PROVINSI ACEH, INDONESIA
54 Fahrizal, Yusriana and Rahmat Fadhil 554
PENINGKATAN MUTU IKAN TERI ASIN KERING DI ACEH BESAR, NANGGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM
55 Muchlisin Z.A. and Siti Azizah M.N. 562 OVERVIEW: SUMBERDAYA PERIKANAN DARAT ACEH TERANCAM
56 Rizal Syahyadi, Zakaria Harun, Sumiani Yusoff and Edi Majuar 569 ON-FARM IRRIGATION PERFORMANCE: A REVIEW AND SOME PLEMINARY RESULTS
57 Khoirun Nisa’ 577 THE CONCEPT OF SIMPLE AND HYGIENIC POULTRY LAUGHTERHOUSE FOR SERAMBI MEKAH
58 Abdullah, Djufri and Hasanuddin 584
SOLUSI EKOLOGIS PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK GAJAH DENGAN MANUSIA DI HUTAN PROVINSI ACEH DENGAN PENENTUAN KAWASAN PERLINDUNGAN GAJAH (ELEPHANT SUNCTUARY)
59 Rusli Yusuf and Abdullah 595
PENERAPAN STRATEGI ALTERNATIF PENANGGULANGAN SEMENTARA KONFLIK GAJAH DENGAN MANUSIA MENGGUNAKAN METODE EKOLOGI DAN PENDEKATAN KEARIFAN TRADISIONAL DI HUTAN GEUMPANG KAB. PIDIE PROVINSI ACEH
Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
60 Nizamuddin, Hidehiro Ishizuka and Muzailin Affan 605
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SPATIAL DATABASE: CASE STUDY SPATIAL DATA OF REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION PROCESS IN ACEH
61 Wahyu Fuadi 615
STUDI PERENCANAAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKADEMIK MAHASISWA BERBASIS SMS (SHORT MESSAGING SERVICE) DI FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH
62 Didik Dwi Prasetya 624
3D SPACE RACE GAME AS A TOOL FOR RECOVERY CONCENTRATION TO CHILDREN NATURAL DISASTER VICTIMS IN ACEH USING JAVA
63 Syaad Patmanthara 630
PENGEMBANGAN E-LEARNING DENGAN PENGELOLAAN FASILITAS FORUM SEBAGAI MEDIA DISKUSI DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT SISWA TERHADAP MATERI ILMU ALAM DI ACEH
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64 Muhammad Ashar Pakkawaru 636
RECOMENDATION TO THE CLINICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM ON THE DESIGN OF HEALTH SERVICES USING SMART MEDICAL CARD IN HOSPITAL NAD
65 Dedi Rianto bin H. Rahadi 642
IMPLEMENTATION E-GOVERMENT FOR IMPROVING PUBLIC SERVICES IN PROVINCE NANGGRO ACEH DARUSALAM
66 Muhammad 649 PEMODELAN JARINGAN SARAF TIRUAN DAN SET KASAR PADA SET DATA PIMA INDIANS DIABETES
67 Taufiq 659
STUDI MANAJEMEN SISTEM INFORMASI AKADEMIK UNIVERSITAS DI ACEH BERBASIS SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE (SOA)
68 Herri Setiawan 668
ONE-STOP INFORMATION SYSTEM (SIMTAP) ONE FORM GOOD GOVERNANCE IN NANGGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM
Energy
69 Syahrir Ridha 677 ACEH TOWARDS AN AUTONOMOUS IN ENERGY CAPABILITY (SWOT ANALYSIS)
70 Nelly Safitri 685
RENEWABLE ENERGY PROSPECT AS A SUSTAINABLE ENERGY RESOURCE IN ACEH AFTER TSUNAMI DISASTER
71 Mustaqimah, Rini Ariani Basyamfar and Rahmat Fadhil 695
ANALISIS TEKNIS DAN BIAYA OPERASIONAL ALAT PENYULING NILAM DENGAN SUMBER BAHAN BAKAR KAYU DI ACEH BARAT DAYA
72 Faisal Abnisa, Wan Mohd. Asri Wan Daud and Jaya Narayan Sahu 704
RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD ON OPTIMIZATION OF BIO-OIL PRODUCTION FROM PALM SHELL
73 Saifuddin 716
SIMULATION OF SOLAR CELL FOR INVESTIGATION EFFECT OF SURFACE TEXTURING ON GaAs SOLAR CELL BY USING SILVACO SOFTWARE
Food and Health
74 Zatil Afrah, Saidatul Husnah, Rachmawati Rusydi and Wahyuni Safitri 725
Ca(IO3)2 AND NaFeEDTA FORTIFIED SURIMI AS SOLUTION FOR PROTEIN, IODINE, AND Fe DEFICIENCY IN ACEHNESE HOUSEHOLDS
xiii
75 Faisal Abdurrahman, Babji A.S., Senafi S. and Othman O. 735 EFFECT OF ENZYME ACTIVITY OF SELECTED FRUITS EXTRACTS ON THE QUALITY OF BUFFALO MEAT
76 Dewi Yunita, Yusriana and Rahman Jaya 742
STUDY OF FERMENTATION AND NON FERMENTATION METHOD EFFECTS ON THE QUALITY OF COCOA BEANS AND THE INCOME LEVEL OF COCOA FARM IN ACEH
Engineering Science and Technology
77 Maizuar Mahyiddin 753 NEW ACEH RAILWAY ROUTE : PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES
78 T.M. Ridwan, M. Fauzan, Maizuar M. and Suhaimi 759
STUDI PERBANDINGAN RESPON INELASTIK BANGUNAN SISTEM RANGKA BERPENGAKU KONSENTRIK TIPE D TERHADAP SISTEM RANGKA PEMIKUL MOMEN DI NANGGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM
79 Miftah Hazmi and Rico Sihotang 768
RANCANGAN RUMAH TAHAN GEMPA YANG EKONOMIS BAGI KORBAN PASCAGEMPA DI ACEH
80 Susilah 774
PENERAPAN MODEL KULANDAISWAMY UNTUK PERAMALAN DEBIT BANJIR PADA DAS CIKAPUNDUNG GANDOK BANDUNG INDONESIA
81 Syamsul Bahri and Hilmi bin Mahmud 785
POTENTIAL OF RICE HUSK ASH (RHA) IN IMPROVING DURABILITY AND PROVIDING LONGER SERVICE LIFE OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN ACEH
82 Ashfa 794
REVIEW OF LAND USE IN IMPLEMENTING SPATIAL PLAN
83 Abdul Jalil 801
STUDY STABILIZATION OF MIXTURE OF PALM KERNEL SHELL DUST WITH CLAY BY USING DIRECT SHEAR TEST
84 M. Sayuti, M, Suraya, S, Sulaiman, S, B.T.H.T. Baharudin, and M.K.A. Arifin 811
PROCESSING AND CHARACTERISATION OF PARTICULATE REINFORCED ALUMINIUM -11.8 % SILICON MATRIX COMPOSITE
85 Syukriah, Norhamidi Muhamad and Mohd. Nizam Ab Rahman 818
DEVELOPMENT OF A REPLACEMENT MODEL AND APPLICATION OF PRODUCTION MACHINES IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES
86 Rahmat Fadhil, Johari Endan, Farah Saleena Taip dan Muhammad Salih bin Hj Ja’afar 826
TEKNOLOGI SISTEM AKUAKULTUR RESIRKULASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI PERIKANAN DARAT DI ACEH: SUATU TINJAUAN
xiv
87 Azhari and Robiah Yunus 834
SYNTHESIS OF VEGETABLE ALKYL ESTERS BY USING ALKALINE CATALYST IN THE PRESENCE OF ALCOHOL DERIVATIVES AS EXCESS REACTANT
88 Mohd. Iqbal, Juniza Md Saad, Ho Wei Seong and Mohd Fairuz Bin Mohd Yusoff 842
THE DEVELOPMENT OF BELT DRIVING SURVEILLANCE MOBILE ROBOT
89 Dandi Bachtiar and S.M. Sapuan 847
THE OPPORTUNITY OF SUGAR PALM FIBRES IN THE REINFORCING FIELDS OF POLYMER COMPOSITES
Disaster Handling Management
90 Tiolina Evi and Lucia Tri Istiyowati 855 DISASTER RECOVERYPLANNING (DRP) PASCA TSUNAMI DI DAERAH ACEH
Aceh Development International Conference 2010 Auditorium Hall, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 26th – 28th March, 2010
ISBN 978-967-5742-00-2
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REVIEW OF LAND USE IN IMPLEMENTING SPATIAL PLAN
Ashfa
Architecture Departement, Engineering Faculty, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Email: ashfaachmad@yahoo.com
Abstract
Spatial planning in principle aims to achieve harmony between the natural environment and
built environment. Although spatial plan existed, but it not easy to implement it in the field,
especially about land use. This paper provides a description of the irregularities in the
implementation of land use in terms of academic view. The study is begun from exploring the
literature, land use review in Kota Banda Aceh, and getting the guidences in an effort to
minimize the deviations occur. The results of the study shows that the irregularities in land
use can occur because of inaccurate data and information in the preparation of plans, the
wrong interpretation of the function of activity, ownership, lack of community participation,
and control aspects. To minimize or even prevent the occurrence of irregularities in land use
in the future needs to be reaffirmed about mixed-use and building intensity. Spatial plan
should logically arranged, environmental quality, flexible, and easy in implementing in the
field. The land use plan must be disseminated to the public.
Key-words: land use, spatial plan.
Introduction
Land use is important to be evaluated and disciplined, in connection with the terms of use which has
been arranged in a spatial plan established by local governments. This need to be done considering
the need for land use in urban areas is relatively high and constantly growing accelerating, so the
possibility of irregularities in land use is also more open. Although these lands are also used to
improve the welfare, comfort, and convenience of society, such as building construction, both
residential and non residential, transportation routes and the addition of utility systems, as well as
development in other sectors.
Land use is one of the components set forth in spatial planning. According to Undang-Undang No.
26/2007 about Spatial Planning, spatial planning itself is a system of spatial planning process, the use
of space, and control the use of space. The aim is to achieve harmony between the natural
environment and artificial environment, realizing the integration in the use of natural resources and
man-made resources with respect to human resources, and to realize the protection function of
space and the prevention of negative environmental impacts due to the use of space. Thus,
controlling the use of space or land to be critical for spatial planning objectives set, in order to
minimize or even prevent the occurrence of irregularities in land use and land use discipline
irregularities that have occurred.
Broadly speaking, the land, especially in urban areas, consisting of several functional groups, such as
land for housing, urban services, green open space, utilities, etc.. Generally, units of housing space is
often used as benchmarks for the provision of a service center environment, good for everyday
activities, sociocultural (associations, education, and health), and amenities, such as the provision of
land for offices, trade and services, green open space (parks, city forests, etc.), and culture. In
addition, (see e.g. [1]), also about technocratic, commercial, and humanist.
Aceh Development International Conference 2010 Auditorium Hall, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 26th – 28th March, 2010
ISBN 978-967-5742-00-2
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Explanation of the above clearly shows that the control of land use is necessary, in an effort to
achieve integration in the use of natural resources and man-made resources to realize the protection
function, and prevention of negative environmental impacts due to the use of space. Therefore, this
paper examined the use of land or irregularities in the academic context, which would be able to give
an input, in order to minimize or even prevent the occurrence of land use in the future.
The Importance of Land Use Regulation
Spatial plan regulation sets land use patterns. In it are included population density, structure, size,
designation, and the proportion of urban land use as a system in optimizing the limitations and
potential, to provide benefits to for human existence and the environment (see e.g. [8]). In
connection with this land, there are two major things that must be addressed in the physical planning
of the city, namely land use and transportation. Land itself is like a piece that consists of two sides of
the development and conservation (see e.g. [1]). Land use can show the general distribution,
location, and characteristics of the current land use and the future, and shape the city (see e.g. [5]).
In Pedoman Penyusunan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) No. 327/KPTS/M/2002, which has
been established by Ministery of Settlements and Regional Infrastructure mentioned that one of the
substances that need to be regulated in a spatial planning at the provincial and district/city is the use
of land. Meanwhile, other substances in the form of development policies, settlement system,
institutional, human resources, man-made resources, natural resources, and institutional.
In general there are two categories of land, cultivation land and conservation land. In an urban area,
cultivation land is more dominant than protected land. Cconservation land is very important
presence in order to optimize the environmental balance. The use of the land to be arranged in this
spatial plan analyzed in such a way that can identify the forms of control, use, modification,
expansion, and the suitability of land use, both for cultivation and protected areas, etc. Land use is
highly dependent on the careful identification of the physical characteristics of land and allotment.
The results of the analysis will indicate the type and intensity of land use, land area, land status,
changes in land use, and availability of land (see e.g. [8]).
The things mentioned above is a challenge for regional planners, is associated with a variety of
purposes. For example between economic growth with equitable distribution of development,
between the physical development with environmental sustainability, between the formal and
informal sectors, the balance of land and none woke up, etc. Needed plan is the plans that are
logical, functional, sustainable, flexible, and implementation, easy to implement in the field and not
burden the community.
There are some actual benefits expected from the regulation of land use, among others, to control
the aesthetic values of the built environment, producing a balance between built land and non-built
land, in relation to environmental sustainability and sustainable development. Next is to guarantee
the realization of the quality of the environment shapes up in accordance with the plan objectives
and ensure the residential requirements, both in terms of health, safety, and citizen tranquility. This
land use is a representation of the population activity, so the more commonly known as the spatial
distribution of activity.
A form of urban planning known is the designation of land (zoning). In this case the city was divided
into various areas of activities. Each region was part of a functional limitation device directs how land
use is functional and effective. For example an area reserved for housing, other areas to trade, green
open space, industrial, high density housing areas, or areas for special activities such as recreation
Aceh Development International Conference 2010 Auditorium Hall, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 26th – 28th March, 2010
ISBN 978-967-5742-00-2
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centers and institutions. Furthermore also asserted, that the regular allotment of land and also
serves as a systematic way of controlling the aesthetic values of the environment (see e.g. [6]).
The zoning ordinance regulates 1) types of land uses allowed, 2) intensity or density of development,
3) Height, bulk, and placement of structures, 4) amount and design of parking, 5) a number of other
aspects of lan use and development activity. Zoning ordinances also contain standards common to all
districts and a set procedures for applying, administering, and enforcing its regulation. Finally, the
ordinance will contain a map or series of maps that show precise boundaries for varios zoning
districts (see e.g. [5]).
Spatial plan product which refers to regulation which appointed by government is more supple
(flexible), because it is based on the trend that happens, and every 5 (five) years are evaluated and in
case of deviation can be revised again. But no punishment againts violations of urban spatial plan
shows all the uncertainties of spatial plan which has been defined as the area rule (see e.g. [7]).
Currently, the allotment of land for one type of activity in a particular area is often less than optimal
run, because it relates directly to community activities continuously growing and need each other.
Patterns of mixed-use, with some types of land use in an area, may be more implementation, related
to the field conditions are often met with a pattern like that, so long as its composition is set to
guarantee the quality of the environment, particularly in urban areas. For instance commercial
mixtures (mixed-comercial), housing mix (mixed-residential), etc. Budihardjo (1997) has stated (see
e.g. [2]) that in the known spatial lag terms of physical (physical lag) and lag culture (cultural lag).
Physical delay occurs when the arrangement of the built environment fails to accommodate left or
social system which demands grow. While cultural lag occurs when the demands of the achievement
of spatial goals in the social system level, not in accordance with the objectives formulated at the
level of cultural systems.
Discussion
Kota Banda Aceh, which has an area of 6,136 ha is a medium city with various activities. There were
less academic researches that focused on land use. Research that focused on this issue have been
done by Efendi, et al, (2003) (see e.g. [4]) and prove that there had been irregularities in land use
Banda Aceh in 2001.
The results of this study indicate that the space utilization plan for offices and public buildings used
as commercial areas, the level for this deviation is very high at 53%. 90.00 ha of which is planned for
office buildings and public buildings, 48.01 ha is used for trade. Space utilization plan for the area of
higher education serve as a regional distribution of various things, this distortion level is very high
that is achieved 76.07%. Of the planned 150 hectares as the area of 114.11 ha of live education used
to spread a variety of purposes. Space utilization plan for green open space used for other activities,
this deviation reaches 0.16%. 1,227 ha of which is planned as a green open space, 2.00 ha is used for
other activities. Efendi, et, al, also asserted that the causes of deviations above were no permit, no
punishment, limited land, change of land use, and permits outside the procedure.
Sofyan, et al, 2009, stated that the determination of an area as a mixed area would trigger changes in
land use, particularly from residential areas into commercial areas /services. There are four things
that can be concluded the study: 1) in Banda Aceh RTRW 2007-2027 defined the area as a region
Lamprit mixture, thus the area development opportunities from residential areas into commercial
areas and services possible to happen, 2) the existence of various facilities owned Lamprit region,
area development opportunities of trade/business and very fast service occurs, 3) changes in the
area of the settlement into the region have an impact on the development of mixed shops/shop
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house, and shifting as a function of residential dwelling into a place of business (home business), and
4) the impact of changes in this region were positive and negative. It is positive if community take
beneficiaries of business opportunities, but the negative side is the congestion and noise disturbance
when the event was held in open spaces (see e.g. [4]).
Other deviations from general observations, in general, because of irregularities by the building
layout. Settlements serve as shops, which is functionally a place of trade and services. Among them is
Mohammad Hasan Street, Panglateh Street, Taman Makam Pahlawan Street, which changed from
residential to commercial area/services (shops), and at Panglima Nyak Makam Street, from the office
area into commercial area/services (shops).
Since late 2009, has been applied Qanun Kota Banda Aceh No. 4/2009 about Spatial and Regional
Plan (RTRW) of Kota Banda Aceh 2009-2029. This qanun replaces Qanun Kota Banda Aceh No.
3/2003. The qanun distributes protected areas 20.52% and cultivated area 79.48%. The largest land
use is for residential area, which is 40.85%. While the protected area consists of border rivers,
mangrove forests, green open space, and cultural reserve areas. Undang-Undang no. 26/2007
explains that the use of land for public green open space is at least 20% of the total area of the city.
Each license is issued, based on the qanun applicable, should be followed by monitoring and
evaluation, because if not controlled it had issued licenses can easily be ignored. Example for
settlements, with permission to build a house building. But when construction might be reserved for
commercial activities, where the existing house into a home store. This means, of which allocated
land for settlement activity, but used for commercial activities and services.
Limited land for building, particularly for trade and service activities in strategic areas, influences the
deviation of this land use. To pursue income, conservation area was sometimes used as an area come
up. This is because some people still think that the lack of green open space has economic value
compared to building buildings, especially in trade and services sectors, whereas long-term benefits
are important, namely maintaining ecological balance.
Land conversion is often done to the area of agricultural cultivation, such as rice fields. Many fields
changed function to become residential and commercial areas/ services. This land conversion would
affect the environment, in which the land that can absorb the water has to be reduced, so that is
feared will happen puddles or flooding when the rains came.
As the description above, that in urban areas there are several functional groups, such as residential
areas, office areas, commercial areas, green open space, etc. Even so, the allotment of land in micro
proved these areas sometimes do not stand alone as homogeneous. For example housing areas or
settlements. Settlement is always equipped with supporting facilities, such as the schools, health
centers, markets, and other public facilities, in accordance with the number of residents who formed
a group with a particular composition. Even in the land allotment maps sometimes it does not
appear.
Another point of concern is related to the magnitude and form of buildings, such as building
envelope, facade pattern of buildings, building equipment and decorations. In addition, building
coverage ratio (BCR), floor area ratio (FAR), and also the greean area ratio. How does being a building
located in the office, trade / services, education, or settlements. This is important because it
concerns environmental quality, visual quality, as well as functional quality of a building or area.
Diversion of land use should also include the above. Because in fact, many areas are earmarked for
specific activities, but always represented by a single building model, which is building shopping
malls, to the appearance and the city faces a single and uniform way. This building became a multi
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functional building, from the residence, office, trade, to learn. And each building must meet the
requirements of reliability, health, comfort, and convenience, according to the function of activity.
For example, the composition and character of space for commercial activity is different from for
education.
The availability of data and information are limited, influence the results of land-use planning. As we
know that the opinion of the zoning was the result of assessment data and information sistematically
throughtpotential land and water, social and economic conditions, visual quality, and environmental
quality, which can be determined land use pattern is most appropriate and meet the desires of the
community. That is, the availability of data and information is less complete and accurate is feared
will result in plans that are less implementation, so that the open space of deviations to the rule,
although it is not a distortion when a plan drawn up with data and information are complete and
accurate.
Another thing is related to land ownership. Sometimes often found that had been considered a
deviation occurs in land use. A land, which in the rules as conservation areas, green open space,
protected areas, but a wake area. This is what should really need to be studied before the plan
zoning opinion of finalized. Because the data associated with ownership or control of land. If the
placement plan of green open space located on the land area is publicly owned status, a rather
difficult realization, especially in strategic areas of high economic value. Communities tend to use the
land for a profitable activity, even if considered a deviation occurs in land use. According to Efendi, et
al (2003), basically the owners are willing to sell their land to local governments, but the lack of
funding local government cannot afford to buy land, so from the abandoned just like that, and then
used to build a more profitable building. For example, the green area is used for shops or residential.
Some of the above are a matter that should be reviewed carefully, because it is related to the success
of land allotment plan contained in RTRW a product or any other spatial planning, such as the Urban
Spatial Plan Detail (RDTRK) and the Urban Spatial Plan (RTRK). If the above examined in depth, it is
expected that the planned land use, which tied in qanun, is logical, environmental quality, visual
quality, functional, flexible, and easy to implement in the field.
Humans tend to want to take advantage of space, ranging from small scale to a large scale, in an
effort to maintain and meet the needs of life. However, if the desire is out of control, which deviate
from the rules have been formulated, and do not control the implementation of good use of space,
there will be a degradation of environmental quality, visual quality and functional quality, which
comes to comfort, safety, and welfare of the community.
To prevent the occurrence of the above, it is necessary control the use of space, including improving
product quality regulations on the use of valuable space to a logical and easy to implement in the
field, and improve the performance of its control, including the provision of planning advice from the
relevant office is provided with excellent service.
Licensing system is easy to understand, because it compares only with the rules which have a legal
basis, namely qanun or decision of the head region, but it is often difficult to implement due to
various constraints, including some aspects that have been outlined above. That is, if the application
for a license filed in accordance with the allocation of the use of space in spatial plan, then the
application for a license is granted, otherwise if it does not match, then the permit is rejected.
Licensing commonly used to control the space between the other (1) permits the location of the land
acquisition, (2) building permits, (3) permits the use of the building, (4) permits a place of business,
and (5) permits interference. For example, building permit application, if the building for commercial
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activities and services are placed at appropriate locations with the spatial plan applies, the applicant
may be granted permission.
Next is the provision of incentives and disincentives, which is the prize for the citizens who obey the
rules and space utilization to sanction the violation. Implementation of incentives and disincentives,
for example through taxation and access to infrastructure and facilities services. Such as providing
relief to the people who obey the rules, and taxation more expensive for violating the rules.
In Undang-Undang No. 26/2007 about Spatial Planning, Article 62 paragraph (2) point c provides that
the public role in spatial planning can be done through participation in controlling utilization. Article
55 paragraphs (5) of the Act the same, mentioning that the role of the community can be done by
submitting a report and/or complaints to the government or local government.
So it is clear that the community can participate and assist the government in controlling the use of
space or land. Thus the community is expected to participate from the beginning planning spatial
planning.
Conclusion
The major challenge in spatial planning is in terms of controlling land use. Diversion of land use in
general is due to weak control, monitoring, and evaluation. Therefore, controlling the spatial layout is
a very important part in spatial planning. Therefore, in qanun on spatial planning, control must be
accompanied by the use of space firm, consistent, and sustainable, so that spatial planning can be
realized effectively and efficiently.
In the opinion of zoning or land use regulation, should be emphasized again the mixed region (mixed-
use), especially on the proportion of each function activity, so the area can be more functional and
aesthetic. In addition, should also be emphasized about the general layout of the building, which is
concerned with the amount and form of buildings, such as building envelope, building facade
patterns, as well as building supplies and decorations. This needs to be done to minimize the use of
one type of building (shops) that are considered completely functional for almost all activities, both
in area offices, trade/services, education, or settlements.
Space utilization plan should logically arranged, environmental quality, flexible, and easy to
implement in the field. If not, then worry about irregularities in land use difficult to avoid. Therefore,
since the beginning of the public and interested actors should be involved, even with monitoring. In
addition, basic data (data base) are complete and accurate also be updated regularly, so the plan was
not left with the situation on the ground, because the physical development of settlements which
lasted rapidly and uncontrolled.
This land-use plan must always be disseminated to the public, so that the appreciation of society and
government officials on the importance of land-use rules. So that the spatial layout of activities
deemed to be useful and needs of the various parties concerned.
Finally, granting permits from the relevant office by government officials must follow the rules or the
applicable qanun, which is not limited to permit only, but also includes monitoring and evaluation.
Monitoring conducted to see whether the building or the activities carried out in accordance with the
permission has been granted. Of this monitoring report will show the impact of land use or
irregularities. Further evaluate the cause of the irregularities in land use, to provide
recommendations. Form of recommendations made can be based on 2 (two) things: 1) the use of
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space that is incompatible with spatial planning qanun applicable or 2) the spatial plan should be
reviewed or revised.
References
1. Budihardjo, Eko, 1994, Percikan Masalah Arsitektur, Perumahan, Perkotaan, Gadjah Mada
University Press, Yogyakarta.
2. Budihardjo, Eko, 1997, Lingkungan Binaan dan Tata Ruang Kota, Penerbit Andi, Yogyakarta.
3. Efendi, dkk, 2003 , Penyimpangan Pemanfaatan Ruang (Suatu Penelitian di Kota Banda Aceh),
Laporan Hasil Penelitian, Lembaga Penelitian Unsyiah.
4. Sofyan, dkk, 2009, Fenomena Perubahan Fungsi Kawasan Perumahan Menjadi Kawasan Bisnis
Sebagai Akibat Pertumbuhan Kawasan, Laporan Hasil Penelitian, Lembaga Penelitian Unsyiah.
5. Steiner, Frederick R, and Butler, Kent, 2007, Planning And Urban Design Standards, American
Planning Association, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey.
6. Sujarto, Djoko, 1985, Beberapa Pengertian Tentang Perencanaan Fisik, Penerbit Bharata Karya
Aksara – Jakarta.
7. Sunardi, 2004, Reformasi Perencanaan Tata Ruang Kota, Workshop dan Temu Alumni Magister
Perencanaan Kota dan Daerah UGM, 9 – 11 September 2004.
8. Wiryomartono, Bagoes P, 2002, Urbanitas dan Seni Bina Perkotaan, Balai Pustaka, Jakarta.
Ashfa
Banda Aceh, February 15, 1973.
Presentor graduated Master Degree Program (S2) in Architecture -
Urban Design from Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology
Surabaya, Indonesia. He is an academic staff in Architecture
Departement, Syiah Kuala University.