CLIMATE CHANGE

The True Vector of Yellow Fever

Aedes africanus & others(sylvatic cycle)

Aedes aegypti (urban cycle)

Distribution of aedes aegypti in the Americasat the end of the eradication program in 1970, and in 1997

Laboratory confirmed Dengue hemorrhagic fever reporting in the Americas

At risk

Reported outbreak

Countries at Risk for Yellow Fever and Having Reported at Least One

Outbreak, 1985-1999

Countries at Risk for Yellow Fever and Having Reported at Least One

Outbreak, 1985-1999

Laredo, Texas

1999 on: the inexorable march of West Nile Virus

Appropriate vectors are abundant throughout the continent

Perhaps the most important emerging diseaseof the early 21st century

Obesity “Obesity is not a simple condition of eating too much. It is now recognized that obesity is a serious, chronic disease. No human condition—not race, religion, gender, ethnicity or disease states—compares to obesity in prevalence and prejudice, mortality and morbidity, sickness and stigma.”American Obesity Association, 2002

Obesity* Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1985

(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” person)

No Data <10% 10%-14% 15-19% 20%

Source: BRFSS, CDC.

Obesity* Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1991

(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” person)

Obesity* Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1995

(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” person)

Obesity* Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1999

(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” person)

No Data <10% 10%-14% 15-19% 20%

Source: BRFSS, CDC.

Obesity* Trends Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2000

(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” person)

Source: Mokdad A H, et al. JAMA 2001;286:10

No Data <10% 10%-14% 15-19% 20%

Texas 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Public Health Region

0

10

20

30

Percent

Texas BRFSS Regional Statistics1988-1993

Percent of population overweight (BMI)

PHR 11 rates significantly higher than regions 1,3,6,7 and 9.

PHR11 also had the highest rates for sedentary lifestyle

PHR 11 rates significantly higher than regions 1,3,6,7 and 9.

PHR11 also had the highest rates for sedentary lifestyle

Source TDH

 

                                                                 

                              

Age-Standardized Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes per 100Adult Population by State, United States, 1994

Age-Standardized Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes per 100Adult Population by State, United States, 1998

Age-Standardized Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes per 100Adult Population by State, United States, 2000

Number (million) of Persons with Diagnosed Diabetes, United States, 1980-1999

Age-Specific Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes, by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, United States, 1999

Texas deaths: diabetesRates per 100,000

1990-1998

LRGV

Figure 1: Liver cancer in white males (includes Hispanics)1990-1994 (age adjusted), all ages.

DEATHS FROM LIVER CANCER BY STATE

Data are from the National Cancer Institute

Texas Hispanics13.5/100,000

Texas, all whites

1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998

0

10

20

30

40

Rates/100,000

Deaths from chronic liver diseaseAge adjusted rates: Texas 1980-1998

Male Hispanics PHR 11Male Hispanics TexasMale White Texas

Data from Texas Department of Health

0-4 15-19 30-34 45-49 60-64

Age in years

0

5

Percent of total deaths

Age of death of whites and Hispanics: cirrhosis and liver cancer, Texas 1980-1998

10

15 White (median age 59.6 yrs)( n=25,780)

Hispanic (median age 56.3 yrs)(n=11745)

Data:TDH

LRGV

Item US LRGV

Per Capita Income $25,598 $12,426

Diabetes Cost $98.2 billion $473,000,000

Cost/case/yr $9,514 $9,514

Cost/capita/yr $366 $523

% cost/capita 1.4% 4.2%

Estimated Cost of diabetes in the LRGV

Data sources: NIH, CDC, ADA, TDH

BrownsvilleLaredoMcAllenSan AngelaVictoriaLubbockAbileneTexarkanaEl PasoKilleenWichita FallsWacoBryan-College StationAmarilloShermanCorpus ChristiLongviewSan AntonioGalvestonTylerMidland-OdessaBeaumontFort WorthBrazoriaAustinHouston Dallas

Adjusted for Occupational rate Unadjusted

.0 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

Occupational Wage Index for Texas Cities

Sources: Occupational EmploymentStatistics Survey, Bureau of Labor

Statistics; author’s calculation {From Dallas Federal Reserve ReportOn the Border Economy, June 2001 (www.dallasfed.com)}

Border Region Surpasses Texas andU.S. in Population Growth in Past Decade(Percent change, 1990 to 2000)

Percent

SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau and Dallas Federal Reserve ReportOn the Border Economy, June 2001 (www.dallasfed.com)

McAllen Laredo Brownsville Texas El Paso United States

60

50

40

30

20

10

0