CODATA 2006Session B9

Clean Energy Recovery from Coal

Objectives:Negative public feeling against Coal due to large CO2 and other pollutants emission compared to other fossil fuels.However, new technology is developed, to use coal clean and to recover clean energy from coal seam.Demonstrate the recent trend and relevant data in this field.

CODATA 2006Session B9

Clean Energy Recovery from Coal

How to use coal cleanGaseous fuel: Gasification (surface, underground)

Coalbed methane productionLiquid fuel: Liquefaction

4 Presentations:Coalbed methane (CBM)Underground coal gasification (UCG)Enhanced coalbed methane recoveryLCA of total coal energy system

Coalbed Methane as a Clean Energy Resources

- Asian Prospects -

20th CODATA ConferenceOctober 23, 2006 Beijing

Sohei SHIMADA Dept. of Environment Systems,

The University of Tokyo

Outline of Presentation

What is CBM?CBM and CMMWorld CBM ResourcesRecent Production TechnologyRecent Utilization TechnologyAsian Prospects

China / India /IndonesiaConclusion

CBM ： Coalbed Methane Methane generated during the coalfication process and stored in coal seam.Originally the term “CBM” was used in Gas Industry as one kind of Natural Gas.There is another concept in Mining Industry for draining coal mine gases to hold the mine safety. CBM is a rather new energy resources (1980s).GHG with 21 times GWP more than CO2.

US CBM Production and Reserves

CAG:

Coal Associated Gas

CBM: Coalbed Methane

includes pre-mining drainage via virgin CBM wells > 1 year before mining

CMG:

Coal Mine Gas

CMM: Coal Mine Methane

including pre-mining drainage via virgin CBM wells < 1 year before mined through, in-mine drainage and gob (goaf) wells

AMM:

Abandoned Mine Methane

VAM:

Ventilation Air Methane

Classification of Coalbed Methane (proposed by UN ECE)

World CBM Resources CBM

Resources( x 10 12 m3)

CBM Resources

( x 10 12 m3)

Russia 17 – 113 Poland 3

Canada 6 – 76 UK 2

China 30 – 35 Ukraine 2

Australia 8 – 14 Kazakhstan

1

USA 11 India <1

Germany 3 South Africa

<1

TOTAL 84 - 262

Source: IEA CR/76 (1995)

CBM Production (Arkoma Basin)

Gas Drainage System in Taiheiyo Coal Mine

Gas Recovery System used in Tiefa Coal Mine

Recent CBM Production Technology

Horizontal wellsEnhanced coalbed methane recovery

CDX Gas: Z-Pinnate Drilling and Completion Technology (Pinnate Technology)

In order to make the drilling of horizontal wells stable, pressure in the wells are controlled by injecting air. (Dual Well System with Air Injection)

Sectional View of Pinnacle System

Enhanced Coalbed Methane RecoveryProduction enhancement by CO2 and/or N2 injection.Effective for the low permeability coal.CO2 injection: production enhancement by CH4/CO2 displacement (competitive adsorption)N2 injection: production enhancement by decreasing CH4 concentration in pore (stripping effect).Need of gas (CH4/CO2/N2) separation before injection or after production.Separation cost is expensive.

World Geological CO2 Storage Sites

ECBMR

ECBMR Project Site (San Juan Basin)

Recent CBM Utilization Technology and R&D

Replacement of natural gas Town gas, Industrial boilers

Power generation Gas turbine, Gas engine, Co-combustion, F

uel cellOxidation/heat production

Vocsidizer (MEGTEC system)Chemical feed stock

Hydrogen production

Power Generation using CMM at Shizhuang

Fuel Cell Power Plant using CMM

Asian Prospects for CBM

ChinaIndoIndonesia

Coal Reserves and Production

China India Indonesia

Coal Reserves (million tons)(2003)

114,502( 12.6%)

(3)

92,447(10.2%)

(4)

4,968(0.5%)(16)

Coal Production (million tons)(2003)

1,670.1(39.0%)

(1)

353.6(8.3%)

(3)

115.3(2.7%)

(7)CMM Emission(MMt CO2 e)(2000)

171.8

(1)

10.1

(8)

3.4

(13)

Source: EPA (M2M)

CBM Resources in China

Resources: 36.81 trillion m3 (depth up to 2,000m)Recoverable resources: 10.87 trillion m3

Proved reserves (by government):102 billion m3

Recoverable reserves: 47 billion m3

CBM Production in China

8 CBM pilot production projects615 CBM wells (including 7 multi-lateral wells) (as of end of 2005)CBM production in 2005: 100 million m3

Prospects of CBM Production

10 billion m3 production in 2010 (5 billion m3 from surface wells, 5 billion m3 from gas drainage wells)Increase CBM proved reserves up to 300 billion m3 CBM production in 2005: 100 million m3

Investment by CBM industry: RMB 30 billion

Prospects of CBM Production

CMM: increase utilization rate from 30% to 50% Combination of underground gas drainage with surface gas productionBuild 9 new pipelines with a total length of 1,390 km (RMB 29.5 billion)

Prospects of CBM Production

Year Annual CBM Production (billion

m3)

2006 0.1 – 0.22010 1.5 – 2.02015 5 – 102020 35

China’s CMM Emission (million m3)

Year CMM Emission

CMM Drainage

CMM Utilized

2000 9,630 870 318.4

2001 - 980 458.28

2002 9,871 1,150 455.67

2003 11,674 1,521 629.21

2004 13,535 1,866 -

Source: US EPA(M2M)

Example of CMM ProjectsProject Capacity Investment,

million YenIRR %

Project time, years

Huaibei

CMM residential use

4,000 million m3/y 163.95 22 8

CMM power generation

3 MW 17.00 36 4

Jiaozuo

CMM residential use

2,000 million m3/y 74.00 22 8

CMM surface development

1,000 million m3/y 200.00 23 8

Pingdingshan

CMM power generation

6,000 million m3/y 36.20 23 7

CMM surface development

9,000 million m3/y 2,000,000 18 12

India’s CBM Field and Resources

Indonesia’s Coal Fields

Province BASINRESOURCES

( Tcf )

Sumatra South Sumatra 183.0

Kalimantan Barito 101.6

Kalimantan Kutai 80.4

Sumatra Central Sumatra 52.5

Kalimantan North Tarakan 17.5

Kalimantan Berau 8.4

Sumatra Bengkulu 3.6

Kalimantan Pasir / Asem 3.0

Sulawesi Sulawesi 2.0

Java NW Java 0.8

Sumatra Bengkulu 0.5

TOTAL 453

CBM Resources of Indonesia

Advanced Resources International, Inc (ARI) “Indonesia Coalbed Methane, Task 1 – Resource Assessment”, March 17, 2003

= 12.2 Tm3

Conclusion

CBM: Promising new Natural Gas ResourcesCMM: Possible local energy source and large potential to decrease GHG emissionCMM: New source of environment business (CDM etc.)Technology development in production and utilization can make the potential larger.Need to establish the reliable CBM reserves evaluation method.

Conclusion (Asian Prospects)

China: Firm governmental target on CBM production and utilizationChina: Already active in CMM recovery and use with international funding India: Exploring stage of CBM Field. Almost no utilization of CMMIndonesia: Great interests in CBM and trying to develop.

Thank you for your attention.

Power Generation using AMM in Akabira Coal Mine

China’s Coal Field

India’s Coal Field

CBM Potential in Indonesia