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Combustion DiagnosticsEmission and Combustion Properties of Biofuel
Faculty Advisors
Dr. Guillaume1
Dr. Boussalis1
Student Assistants
Michael Tran2
Henry Luong1
Johanna Lopez1
Teresita Buhler1
Emerzon Cruz1
NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A 1
1. California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90023
2. University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
MOTIVATION
NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A 2
What is biodiesel?
Why biodiesel?
Advantages and disadvantages
2NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A
3NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Engine vs. Flame Studies
Laser Diagnostics
Laser Induced Incandescence
Laser light extinction
Counterflow Burner
Combustion Properties of Biofuel
Primary Thesis Study
Possible PhD Study
Biodiesel Hydrocarbon Chain
3NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A
5NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A
LASER INDUCED INCANDESCENCE
• Goal: Qualitative and quantitative measurement of soot• Output: Soot profile, soot volume fractions, and particle size• Principle:
– Soot is heated by laser (3500-4000K)– Incandescence flame images soot profile– Incandescence intensity soot volume fraction– Temporal decay of incandescence particle size
5NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A
9NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A
LII RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
B0 B20
Natural Incandescence(Long exposure time)
Laser Induced Incandescence
9NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A
10NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A
LII RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
B0 B20
Qualitative Results
10NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A
11NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A
LIGHT EXTINCTION THEORY
Tv I
I
mLEf 0ln
6
Physical meaning of fv: volume of soot per unit volume
11NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A
12NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A
LIGHT EXTINCTION THEORY
Tv I
I
mLEf 0ln
6
Physical meaning of fv: volume of soot per unit volume
vLii CfS
12NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A
COUNTERFLOW BURNER
NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A 15
Primary Thesis study: Soot emission of biofuel using laser diagnostics
Possible PhD study: Combustion property of biofuel using advanced counterflow flame burner configuration
15NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A
REFERENCES
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References
- Turn, S. An Introduction to Combustion. Mc Graw Hill. 2nd Ed. (2000)
- Eckbreth, A.C Laser Diagnostics for Combustion Temperature and Species. Abacus Press, 1988
- Glassman, I. Combustion. 3rd Edition. Academic Press, San Diego, 1996
- Vander Wal, R.L. Using Laser-Induced Incandescence to Measure Soot/Smoke Concentrations. 1997. NASA Report # 97-206325
- Shaddix, R.C., Smyth, K.C. Laser-Induced Incandescence Measurements of Soot Production in Steady and Flickering Methane, Propane, and Ethylene Diffusion Flames. Combustion and Flame. 1996;107:418-452
- Melton, L. Soot Diagnostics Based on Laser Heating. Applied Optics. 1984; 23: 2001-2208
- Schumacher, L.G, William G.H , Borgel, S.C. Fueling Diesel Engines with Methyl-Ester Soybean Oil. Liquid Fuels from Renewable Resources: Proceedings of an Alternative Conference. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Nashville, TN, 1992
19NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A
REFERENCES
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References
- Choi, S.C. Measurement and Analysis of the Dimensionless Extinction Constant for Diesel and Biodiesel Soot: Influence of Pressure, Wavelength and Fuel-Type. Thesis Dissertation. Drexel University. 2009
- Bladh, H. On the Use of Laser-Induced Incandescence for Soot Diagnostics: From Theoretical Aspects to Applications in Engines. Doctoral Dissertation. Lund University, 2007
- D1322. Standard Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosene and Aviation Turbine Fuel. American Society for Testing and Materials. Reapproved 2002
- Ziejewski, M., Kaufman, K.R, Schwab, A.W., Pryde, E.H. Diesel Engine Evaluation of a Nonionic Sunflower Oil- Aqueous Ethanol Microemulsion. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society. 1984: 61; 1620-1626
- Nwafor, O.M, Rice, G. Performance of Rapeseed Oil Blends in a Diesel Engine. Applied Energy. 1996; 54: 354-354
20NASA Grant URC NCC NNX08BA44A