Post on 30-Jun-2020
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COMMUNICATIVE TESTING
By :
Ningsih Sri Mulyani
Communicative Testing
Historical Perspective
Definition of Communicative Testing
Approach
Types of Communicative Competence
Generic Test
Principles of Communicative Language Testing
Advantages of Communicative Testing
The Weaknesses of Communicative Testing
Historical Perspective
Integrative-Pragmative Approach
Debate over the nature of language: divisible or unitary
Answer the long and tiring controversy over the nature of
language ability
Communicative Approach
What is communicative testing?
• Communicative Language Testing is intended to provide test-takers with information about the test-taker’s ability to perform the target language in certain context-specific tasks.
• It has to be recognized that given the constrains of time and practicality, only a small sample of the tester-test-takers’ language can be collected
• However realistic the tasks may be intended to be, the students’ performance will inevitably reflect the fact the s/he was performing under tests conditions.
CA
Means of communication
Function of Language
ListeningSpeakingReadingWriting
Types of Communicative Competence(Canale & Swain :1980)
Grammatical
Sociolinguistic
Discourse
Strategic
LanguageAbility
Components(Bachman:1990)
Knowledge structures
Language competence
Strategic competence
Psychologicalmechanisms
Context of situation 4
Generic Test
Speaking
Listening
Reading
Writing
Language is used in communication
Emphasized to the exclusion of language usage
Measurement based on divisibility hypothesisTest content relevant to test-takers
relate to real-life situation.
Quantitative modes of assessment.
Characteristic and Tests Types of Communicative Approach
• Tasks in the test should resemble as far as possible to the ones as would be found in real life in terms of communicative use of language;
• There is a call for test items contextualization;• There is a need to make test items that address an
obviously definite audience for purposeful communicative intent to be envisioned;
• Tests instructions and scoring plans should touch on effective communication of meaning rather than on grammatical accuracy;
• Language should be productively drawn off as a result of the test, rather than merely recognized.
• Communicative tests are able to measure all integrated skill of pupils
• The tests using this approach face pupils in real life so it will be very useful for them
• Due to the fact that Communicative test can measure all language skills; it can help pupil in getting the score. Consider pupils have a poor ability in using spoken language but may score quite highly on tests of reading
• Detailed statements of each performance level serve to increase the reliability of the scoring by enabling the examiner to make decisions according to carefully drawn-up and well-established criteria.
The Weaknesses of Communicative Testing
• Different from structuralism
approach this approach will not
be able to grasp structurally
because communicative
competence can ever be achieved
without a considerable mastery
of the grammar of a language
• It is unavoidable that cultural
bias affects the reliability of the
tests being administered.
Write an application to the position as advertised of about 200 words. You very much want to be in the position. So, be convincing and make yourself sound fitting to the position. Your application should be clear, well-organized and easy to read.
EXAMPLE:• ‘That woman over there looks confused’
‘Why don’t you ask her______?’a. does she need help? d. do you need helpb. if she need help e. she needs helps or notc. whether she needs helps
(SPMB 2006-711:13)• ‘Your haircut looks cool, Jane. I like it’
‘_______’a. Come on. Don’t be jokingb. Oh really? Thanks a lotc. Well, I have it hair-doned. It is my style, you know?e. I don’t think so. But thanks