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STM103
19/16/2010 www.pippanorris.com
StructureofclassWhatarethemajoralternativeconceptsofdemocraticgovernance.
1. Electoraldemocracy:
JosephSchumpeter2. Liberaldemocracy:
RobertDahl3. Goodgovernance:
WorldBank Institute(Kaufmann/Kraay)29/16/2010 www.pippanorris.com
Keyquestions Howwouldyouassessthestrengthsandweaknessesofalternativeconceptsofdemocracyandgovernance?
Whichoftheseconceptswouldyouusetoassessthequalityofdemocraticgovernanceinyourhomeregion,forexample,workinginaUNagency,anationalNGO,asajournalist,asanofficialforabilateraldonor,orasanacademicanalyst?
Howwouldyoujustifyyourchoiceofconceptsandmeasurestoadiplomaticofficialfrom,say,ASEAN,theAfricanUnion,ortheUN?
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Takeafewminutes Jotdownafewsentencesgivingyourworkingdefinitionofthefollowingconcepts.
Democracyis Goodgovernanceis
Howwouldyoumeasureeachoftheseconcepts?
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Alternativeconceptsofdemocraticgovernance
Electoraldemocracy
Przeworski/Cheibub
Liberaldemocracy
PolityIV/FreedomHouse
Goodgovernance
IbrahimIndex/WorldBank
MinimalistMaximalist
1.Electoraldemocracy JosephSchumpeter,Capitalism,socialismanddemocracy(1943)
Proceduralorminimalistdefinition "Thedemocraticmethodisthatinstitutionalarrangementforarrivingatpoliticaldecisionsinwhichindividualsacquirethepowertodecidebymeansofacompetitivestruggleforthepeople'svote
Multipartyelectionsatregularintervalsforheadofgovernmentandlegislativebodies
Willdiscussmeasuresinclass8 Whataretheprosandconsofthisnotion?
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Minimalistexclusions Nosocialoreconomicaspectsareincluded Nomeasureofaccountability,responsibility,responsivenessorrepresentation
Nomeasureoffreedom,libertiesorhumanrights Nomeasureofparticipationeg universalfranchise Noreferencetocivilmilitaryrelations Whatarecompetitive elections?Advantagesanddisadvantagesofthisapproach?
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Democraticgovernance
Electoraldemocracy
Przeworski/Cheibub
Liberaldemocracy
PolityIV/FreedomHouse
Goodgovernance
IbrahimIndex/WorldBank
MinimalistMaximalist
2.LiberalDemocracy Longtraditionofliberaldemocratictheory:Locke,Madison,Bentham,JamesMill,JSMill
ModernversionsdrawuponRobertDahl1956.APrefacetoDemocraticTheory
Twoconceptsareimportant: Contestation competitionandpluralism Massparticipation
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Dahl'sConceptualLogicLiberal
Democracy
Contestation
Righttoformparties
Freedomofthepress
Associationalautonomy
Participation
Righttovote Fairnessofelection
Extentofsuffrage
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Polyarchies ForDahl,moderndemocraticstatescanbeunderstoodinpracticeaspolyarchies
Thesecanbeidentifiedbythepresenceofcertainkeypoliticalinstitutions:
1)electedofficials;
2)freeandfairelections;
3)inclusivesuffrage;
4)therighttorunforoffice;
5)freedomofexpression;
6)alternativeinformation;and
7)associationalautonomy
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ProsandCons? Broaderconceptthansimplyelections Expandsrangeofcivillibertiesandpoliticalrights Commonbasisforstandardempiricalmeasures(FreedomHouseandPolityIV)
Yetfocusesonlyonnegativefreedoms seekstoprotectcitizensfromthepowerofthestate
Whatofpositivefreedomsandsocialequality,culturalandeconomicrights?
Willdiscussmeasuresinclass8(FH/PolityIV)
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Democraticgovernance
Electoraldemocracy
Przeworski/Cheibub
Liberaldemocracy
PolityIV/FreedomHouse
Goodgovernance
IbrahimIndex/WorldBank
MinimalistMaximalist
ConceptofGovernanceMaxWeber:governancebythestatereflectsthecapacityofregimeauthoritiestoperformfunctionsessentialforcollectivewellbeing
1. Tomaintainstatesovereignty(throughmonopolycontrolovertheuseofmilitaryforceandlawswithinterritorialboundaries).
2. Toimplementpublicpolicies
Weberian bureaucraticvaluesofefficiency,effectiveness,impartiality,andaccountability
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Weberian rationalbureaucracy
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Meritocratic processesofrecruitment,training,andcareerpromotion;
Hierarchicalandcentralizeddecisionmakingauthoritywithinlargescaleorganizationalstructures;
Functionalspecialization:officialshaveclearlyspecifiedranks,duties,obligations,rolesandsupervisors;
Standardizedprocedures:actionsareguidedbytransparentformalandimpersonalrules,writtenproceduresandlegalcodes,designedtoprovideconsistent,equalandimpartialtreatmentofallcitizensandemployees;
Firewallbetweenprivateandpublicinterests: publicofficialsarefulltimesalariedcareerprofessionalswithjobsecurity.
'Good'governanceindices Increasinglycommonlyusedinthelastdecade WorldBankInstitute:KaufmannKraay
1. Ruleoflaw
2. Governmenteffectiveness
3. Transparencyandcontrolofcorruption
4. Voiceandaccountability
5. Regulatoryquality
6. Politicalstabilityandabsenceofviolence
WilldiscussmeasuresinClass9
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DEMOCRACY
RESTRICTEDVOICEANDACCOUNTABILITY
INCLUSIVEVOICEANDACCOUNTABILITY
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EXPANDEDGOVERNANCECAPACITY
BureaucraticautocraciesE.g.China
BureaucraticdemocraciesE.g.Canada
LIMITEDGOVERNANCECAPACITY
PatrimonialautocraciesE.g.Zimbabwe
PatrimonialdemocraciesE.g.Mali
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Nextclass Note:NoclassMonday(LaborDay) MeetnextonWednesday8th September Analyticalframeworkexplainingprocessesofdemocratization seereadings
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