Concurrent PHPin the Etsy API

Matthew Graham@lapsu

@EtsyAPI Lead#phpday2014 April

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@lapsu@EtsyAPI

$1.3 BillionThings That Matter

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Etsy's PHP

www api adminqueues cron

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~200 engineers

30+ deploys / day

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Also, Rasmus

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Spoilers

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Mobile Clients Are Special

1 Thread != No Concurrency

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<motivation>

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Premise:

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The Future is Mobile

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Past The Future is Mobile

November 2013

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Mobile Networks Suck

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<

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Not Mobile

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www.etsy.com/shop/AVintageWanderer

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Network Performance

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3G < 4G

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Network Coverage

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3G > 4G

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Mobile Requests

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More != Better

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1000ms Time To Glass

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1000ms- 900ms

-------------100ms

Network/Client------------------------ Server

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100ms = Bespoke + Concurrent

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Single Threads

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Concurrency

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Main “Thread”

Child “Thread” Child “Thread”

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</motivation><interface>

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Paul goes to Netflix

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1 View : 1 Bespoke

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ClientView

Bespoke

View View

Bespoke BespokeAPI

Multiple Clients

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ClientsView

Bespoke

View View

Bespoke BespokeAPI

Bespoke : Components

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Bespoke Bespoke BespokeAPI

Item User Shop Favs Tx

Components as REST

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Bespoke BespokeAPI

Item User Shop Favs Tx

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?includes=User

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Android User View

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function handle($cli, $inp) { $shop = $cli->shop($inp->user_id); $favs = $cli->favs($inp->user_id); $items = $cli->items($shop->shop_id);

Curl_Orchestrator::run( [$shop,$favs,$items]); return [$favs,$items];}

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Concurrent Client

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function handle($cli, $inp) { $shop = $cli->shop($inp->user_id); $favs = $cli->favs($inp->user_id); $items = $cli->items($shop->shop_id);

Curl_Orchestrator::run( [$shop,$favs,$items]); return [$favs,$items];}

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Making Requests

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function handle($cli, $inp) { $shop = $cli->shop($inp->user_id); $favs = $cli->favs($inp->user_id); $items = $cli->items($shop->shop_id);

Curl_Orchestrator::run( [$shop,$favs,$items]); return [$favs,$items];}

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shop

favs

t0 t1

Inputs

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function handle($cli, $inp) { $shop = $cli->shop($inp->user_id); $favs = $cli->favs($inp->user_id); $items = $cli->items($shop->shop_id);

Curl_Orchestrator::run( [$shop,$favs,$items]); return [$favs,$items];}

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Future Parameters

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function handle($cli, $inp) { $shop = $cli->shop($inp->user_id); $favs = $cli->favs($inp->user_id); $items = $cli->items($shop->shop_id);

Curl_Orchestrator::run( [$shop,$favs,$items]); return [$favs,$items];}

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shop

favs

items

t0 t1 t2 t3 t4

~6 Lines

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function handle($cli, $inp) { $shop = $cli->shop($inp->user_id); $favs = $cli->favs($inp->user_id); $items = $cli->items($shop->shop_id);

Curl_Orchestrator::run( [$shop,$favs,$items]); return [$favs,$items];}

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</interface><performance>

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Web Pages Are Clients Too

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Web First

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API First

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Android User View

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function handle($cli, $inp) { $shop = $cli->shop($inp->user_id); $favs = $cli->favs($inp->user_id); $items = $cli->items($shop->shop_id);

Curl_Orchestrator::run( [$shop,$favs,$items]); return [$favs,$items];}

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Desktop Web User View

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function handle($cli, $inp) { $shop = $cli->shop($inp->user_id); $favs = $cli->favs($inp->user_id); $items = $cli->items($shop->shop_id); $teams = $cli->teams($inp->user_id);

Curl_Orchestrator::run( [$shop,$favs,$items,$teams]); return [$favs,$items,$teams];}

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Activity Feed

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Activity FeedPage

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HomePage

30s of HTTP Time

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30s of HTTP Time

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880ms Real Time

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Components

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Bespoke Bespoke Bespoke

API

Item User Shop Favs Tx

Components Cache

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Bespoke Bespoke Bespoke

CacheAPI

Item User Shop Favs Tx

Local Call

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Me

Long Distance Call

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AtlanticOcean User

Long Distance Call

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AtlanticOcean

API

Templates

User

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</performance><internals>

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curl_multi_*

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curl?

General Sequence

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curl_multi_init();curl_multi_add();curl_multi_exec();

while (!$done) { curl_multi_select(); curl_multi_exec(); curl_multi_info_read();}

curl_multi_init

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$mh = curl_multi_init();

curl_multi_add_handle

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$mh = curl_multi_init();$ch = curl_init($url);curl_setopt_array($ch, $options);curl_multi_add_handle($mh, $ch);

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multi handle

handle handle handle

curl_multi_exec

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do { $code = curl_multi_exec($mh, $r);} while ($code == CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM);

curl_multi_select

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$cnt = curl_multi_select($mh, $tmout);

curl_multi_info_read

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$info = curl_multi_info_read($mh);$ch = $info['handle'];$content = curl_multi_getcontent($ch);

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localhost: Expected

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R1

R2

R3

t0

Network: Actual

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R2

R3

t0 t1

R1

curl Protocols

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HTTP LDAP

Gopher POP3 IMAP

TELNET TFTP

curl_get_multi_handle_state

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$state = CURLM_STATE_FIRST;curl_multi_get_handle_state( $mh, $ch, $state);$sent = $state > CURLM_STATE_FIRST && $state < CURLM_STATE_PERFORM;

Expected, Actual

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R1

R2

R3

t0

Revised Sequence

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curl_multi_init();curl_multi_add();while (!$sent) { curl_multi_exec(); curl_multi_get_handle_state();}

while (!$done) { curl_multi_select(); curl_multi_exec(); curl_multi_info_read();}

Still Headed Upstream

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Patch URL

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bit.ly/etsy_curl_multi_patch

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Recursion?

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Recursion?

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No.

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Recursion?

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No?Not yet.

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Visibility

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PHP Coroutines

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More Code

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Available Upon Request

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codeascraft.etsy.com

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</internals><wrap/>

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Address Mobile Challenges

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PHP Does Concurrency

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PHP Abides

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Concurrent PHP

in the Etsy APIMatthew Graham

@lapsu@EtsyAPI Lead

#phpday2014 April

Thank You

Reminder:

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Repeat the questions

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SPDY / HTTP 2.0

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