Post on 02-Jan-2016
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Conflict Leads to Crisis:The Causes of the U.S. Civil War
Conflict Between the North and South
• After the Revolutionary War, conflicts (problems) arose between the northern and southern states.
• 3 main issues that the states disagreed on were:– States’ rights– Slavery– Economic differences
States’ Rights
• States’ rights is the belief that each state should make its own decisions on issues. (slavery was the main issue)
Slavery: A Major Issue
• During this time, new states were being created on the land that was part of the Louisiana Territory.
• The North wanted these new states to be “free states” – no slavery allowed.
• The South wanted these new states to be “slave states” – slavery allowed.
Slavery: A Major Issue
• The slavery issue divided the North and the South more than any other.
• Many southern whites were afraid that their plantations would go out of business if slavery ended.
• By 1860, all of the northern states had outlawed slavery.
Two Different Economies
- economy - the use of resources, money, and goods to meet people’s wants and needs.
- The North and the South had very different economies. This led to conflict between these two areas of the country!
The Northern Economy
• It was industrialized – this means the North had many factories and produced goods.
• The North had many railroads so it could transport the goods made in its factories.
The Southern Economy
• It was based on agriculture (farming).
• The huge plantations and farms relied on slaves to do the work.
• The South had some factories and railroads, but not nearly as many as the North.
The Fight For Freedom:Nat Turner’s Revolt
• Nat Turner was a Virginia slave who led a revolt against plantation owners in Virginia.
• Turner and a group of slaves began killing plantation owners in Virginia!
• Turner and his group were caught and hanged for their actions!
The Fight for Freedom:John Brown’s Raid
• John Brown was a white man who was against slavery.
• He led a raid on the United States Armory (Arsenal) at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. (Now West Virginia)
The Fight for Freedom:John Brown’s Raid
• He was trying to take the guns and ammunitions stored at the armory so he could arm (give weapons to) the slaves and lead a slave rebellion.
• John Brown’s raid was unsuccessful and he was captured and hanged!
The Fight for Freedom:Abolition
• Abolition – to do away with something.
• Abolitionists were people who wanted to do away with slavery.
• Abolitionists helped slaves runaway from their “masters” and get to places where slavery was against the law.
Harriet Tubman and the “Underground Railroad”
• Harriet Tubman, an escaped slave, helped hundreds of slaves escape the South.
• The Underground Railroad was a secret route that enslaved African Americans took to gain their freedom.
Harriet Tubman and the “Underground Railroad”
• Stations – homes of people who hid runaway slaves.
• Conductors – people who were guides to the runaway slaves on their journey to freedom.
Harriet Tubman and the “Underground Railroad”
• This was dangerous work.
• The most famous conductor of the Underground Railroad was Harriet Tubman.
Things Get Worse Between the North and the South
• Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860.
• Lincoln wanted to keep slavery from spreading into the new states.
• Many southerners felt strongly that it was up to each state to decide about slavery.
Things Get Worse Between the North and the South
• Because of slavery, states’ rights, and the economic differences between the North and the South, they were unable to resolve their conflicts (problems).
• Seven southern states decide to secede (leave) the U.S. after Lincoln is elected as president.
The Confederate States of America
• These 7 states formed the Confederate States of America. (C.S.A.)
• Jefferson Davis was elected president of the new country. (C.S.A.)
Virginia Decides to Secede
• Virginia seceded from the Union in April 1861.
• Later that month, the Confederate Army took control of Fort Sumter (A Union fort) in South Carolina.
The Road to War!
• President Lincoln asked for volunteers from the Union (the North) to retake Fort Sumter.
• This was the beginning of the U.S. Civil War.