Post on 17-Jan-2016
transcript
Converging Cultures
First Contact
MigrationNative AmericanAfricaEuropeColumbian Exchange
Sections
Explain why scientists believe that the earliest Americans migrated from Asia.
Summarize the role the agricultural revolution played in the development of the first civilizations in the Americas.
Describe the early civilizations of MesoAmerica and the early cultures of North America.
Migration
TimeArcheological techniques
1. DNA2. Radiocarbon dating
Era of timeBeringianomads
Asian Migration
Agricultural revolution1. Maize2. Result3. Civilization
MesoAmerican Civilizations1. Olmec
a. 1500-1200 BCb. Art
2. Mayan3. Toltec4. Aztec
a. Tenochtitlanb. Military power
Early Civilizations of MesoAmerica
Spread of agricultural technologyHohokamAnasazi
1. “ancient ones”2. Kivas3. Pueblos
Adena & HopewellMississippian
North American Cultures
How do scientists know who the first Americans were and when and how they came to America?
How did the agricultural revolution change the societies of early Americans?
How did the agricultural technology of MesoAmerica spread to the North American cultures?
Migration Questions
Differentiate Native American groups in the West based on their environment.
Identify which technologies created by the Far North Indians helped them to adapt to their region.
Describe the agricultural techniques of the Woodlands Native Americans.
Native American Cultures
Primary factor in shaping Native American culture is environment
Southwest1. Pueblo people2. Long taproot3. Kachina cult
Pacific Coast1. Permanent villages2. Lumber & fish3. Pomo
Great Plains1. Sioux2. Horses3. “counting coup”
West
Inuit & AluetHuntingTechnologies
1. Harpoon2. Kayak3. Dogsled4. lamps
Far North
LandscapeLanguages
1. Algonquian2. Iroquoian
Slash & burn agricultureDwelling
1. Longhouses2. Wigwams
WampumIroquois League
1. Kinship groups2. Purpose
Eastern Woodlands
CherokeeCreek
1. Red sticks2. White sticks
Southeast
How did Native American groups adapt to the environments of the West?
How were the Native Americans of the Far North able to live in their harsh environment?
How did the Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands meet their need for food, shelter, and clothing?
Native American Cultures
Analyze the geographical features of West Africa and its impact on the development the continent’s cultures.
Describe the culture of early West African kingdoms.
Explain the lifestyles of the Forest and Central African peoples.
Evaluate the introduction of inter-slavery to the African continent
Africa
CommoditiesSahara
1. Savannah2. Trade3. Trans-Sahara travel
IslamGold
West Africa
Location, location, location!Ghana
1. Soninke2. exhaustion
Mali1. Malinke2. upper Niger river3. Mansa Musa and Mansa Sulayman
Songhai1. Sorko2. middle Niger river3. Sonni Ali4. Askiya Muhammed5. Timbuktu
Empires of West Africa
Yoruba and Edo people1. surplus food2. Oba3. Portuguese
Central Kingdoms1. Kongo2. matrinlineal3. Zaire River
Forest and Central Kingdoms
Intra-slavery1. captured in war2. upward mobility
IslamGoldSugar
1. climate2. manual labor3. man stealing
Slavery
Why were camels important to the growth of trade across the Sahara?
Why were the Ghana, Mali, and Songhai empires wealthy and powerful?
Why were the Yoruba and Edo able to produce a surplus of food?
What was the basis of many Central African societies?
Contrast how enslaved Africans were treated by other African tribes and Muslim and European societies.
Africa Cultures Questions
Discuss the impact of the Crusades on Europe’s contact with the Middle East.
Explain the transfer of goods between Europe and China and its impact on the global economy.
Analyze the impact of the Renaissance on European exploration.
Describe Portugal’s role in tracing trade routes to Asia.
European Cultures
Crusades1. Pope Urban II2. Dark Ages
Political systemEconomic system
1. Nobles2. Serfs
Improving economy1. 1000 a.d.2. Innovations3. Towns
Institution of stability and order
European Society
Bringing Western Europeans into contact with Muslim and Byzantine civilizations of eastern Europe and the Middle East.
Middle menPaymentMongol EmpireDesire for a new route
Expanding Horizons
MotivationDecline of feudalism
1. Trade2. Towns3. New social class
RenaissanceNew technologies
1. Astrolabe2. Lateen sails3. caravel
New States, New Technology
Henry the Navigator (1419)Bartholomeu Dias (1488)Vasco da Gama (1497)
Portugal
What was feudalism?How did the Crusades help change western
European society?What political developments and new
technologies made it possible for Europeans to search for a water route to China?
How did Henry the Navigator help Portuguese exploration?
Questions
Describe Viking and Spanish exploration of North America.
Summarize Columbus’s journey and their impact on Native Americans and Europeans.
Columbian Exchange
ScandinaviaLongboatsLeif Ericsson
Vikings
Geography (1475)Al-Idrisi“the end of Spain and the beginning of India
are not far apart… it is known that this sea is navigable in a few days time with favoring wind.”
San Salvador IslandTitlesFour voyages
1. Santo Domingo2. “died a hopeless and penniless man”
Columbus
Treaty of Tordesillas1. Line of demarcation2. Pope Alexander VI
Amerigo VespucciJuan Ponce de LeonVasco de BalboaFerdinand Magellan
European Exploration
CropsAnimalsTechnologyDisease
Columbian Exchange
Who were the first Europeans to explore the Americas?
What did Columbus discover on his voyage to the Americas?
How was Spain able to officially claim the Americas?
What kinds of interchanges were part of the Columbian Exchange?
Questions