Cosmetic skin care. Skin Cosmetic skin care. Skin structure. Liquid cosmetic structure. Liquid cosmetic product. Lotions. Toners.product. Lotions. Toners.

The skin is the largest human organ. It covers between 1.5 and 2 m2 , comprising about one sixth of total body weight.

Function of SkinThe skin performs a complex role in human

physiology: serves as a barrier to the environment, and some

glands (sebaceous) may have weak anti-infective properties.

acts as a channel for communication to the outside world.

protects us from water loss, friction wounds, and impact wounds.

uses specialized pigment cells to protect us from ultraviolet rays of the sun.

produces vitamin D in the epidermal layer, when it is exposed to the sun's rays.

helps regulate body temperature through sweat glands.

helps regulate metabolism.has esthetic and beauty qualities.

The skin consists of three functional layers: Epidermis Dermis or corium Subcutis (hypodermis)

Skin Cell Types Skin Cell Types

Keratinocytes

These cells produce keratin proteins that provide some of the rigidity of the outer layers of the skin. Dandruff and hair are dead keratinocytes.

Skin Cell TypesSkin Cell Types

Fibroblasts

The fibroblasts produce the collagens and elastins that make skin very durable, from within.

Skin Cell Skin Cell TypesTypes

MelanocytesMelanocytes are cells in low

abundance in the epidermis that produce the pigment melanin. The pigment made in melanocytes is transferred to the cells of the hair or epidermis. The melanin granules are injected into (or ingested by) the keratinocyte cells. There, the melanin granules accumulate around the nucleus of each keratinocyte.

Melanin absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) light before the UV radiation can reach the nucleus. Melanin protects the DNA in the nucleus from UV radiation damage.

Skin Cell Skin Cell TypesTypes

Langerhans cells

These are star-shaped resident immune cells, macrophages. A macrophage is a cell that protects your body from injury or illness. Macrophages break up or destroy (phagocytise) the invading organisms.

Skin Cell TypesSkin Cell Types

Merkel's Cells

Only a few of these cells are present in skin; they are more numerous in the palms and soles (feet). These cells are probably sensory mechanical receptors that respond to stimulus, such as pressure or touch.

Cosmetic lotion – is water-alcohol solution of active substances, produced for the skin, hands, body, legs and hair care.

Cosmetic toner - water solution of active substances, produced for the skin, hands, body, legs and hair care. Mostly toners used to care for dry skin because they do not desiccate the skin, due to absence of alcohol.

water

spring waterspring water

thermal water

Ethyl alcohol

Solvents - are the dominant ingredients

Solubilizing Agent

As solubilizing agent commonly use PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Polysorbat-80 (tween 80, polyoxy-ethylene

(20) sorbitan monooleate), Polysorbate-20 (tween 20, Е432, EUMULGIN

® SML 20), ethyl alcohol, glycerin, propylene glycol etc.

Emollients are substances which are added to cosmetic products to soften and smoothen the skin, any substance that softens the skin by slowing evaporation of water.

Humectants (or moisturizers) are important cosmetic ingredients allowing to prevent loss of moisture thereby retaining the skin's natural moisture.

Active components it is a large group of cosmetic ingredients, which have different positive influence on the skin such as: anti-inflammatory properties (aloe vera, allantoin d-panthenol), exfoliating agents (salicylic acid and glycolic acid) and others.