Created by José J. González, Jr. Spring 2002 1 PUNCTUATION, Part 1 YOUR FAVORITE GRAMMAR SUBJECT...

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Created by José J. González, Jr. Spring 2002

PUNCTUATION,Part 1

YOUR FAVORITE GRAMMAR SUBJECT AND AS EASY AS EATING ICE CREAM

“The used key is always bright.” Benjamin Franklin

In this presentation you will cover the following marks of punctuation.

• Period

• Question mark

• Colon

• Semi-colon

• Comma

PERIOD

1. After declarative sentences

• Little strokes fell great oaks.

Benjamin Franklin

2. After an imperative sentence

•Study and get to work.

3. After abbreviations

• Ill. -- Illinois

• Jan. -- January

• Dr. -- Doctor

• M.D. -- Medical Doctor

• P.S. -- Post script

4. After initials

Thelma M. Gonzalez

Thelma Moraida Gonzalez

• J.J.Gonzalez, Jr.

Jose Jesus Gonzalez, Jr.

QUESTION MARK

After an interrogative sentence.

•Where are you going?

1. After the salutation (greeting) of a business letter.

• Dear Sir:

• Gentlemen:

• To whom it may concern:

• Dear Mr. Malacara:

2. Between the hour and minutes in time

•4:00PM

•3:33AM

3. Before a list of particulars, an illustration or a statement

• To write a good essay you need to do three things: brainstorm, outline, and revise.

SEMICOLON

1. TO SEPARATE THE INDEPENDENT CLAUSES OF A COMPOUND SENTENCE WHEN

NO CONJUCTION IS USED.

• The unexamined life is not worth living; it may also be rather reckless.

2. When joining to sentences with a conjunctive adverb

• It was raining; however, it was still very hot.

Exercise: Punctuate with periods, question marks, colons and semi-colons.

• Greece has many ancient and magnificent places Athens, Sparta, Crete and Delphi

• We were all going to the mall we had decided to visit a couple of stores Sears, J C Penny’s , and Dillard’s.

• Don’t you think that going to town takes too much time

• We did not find the money however, we did find the briefcase.

• The team played terribly we couldn’t even score a goal.

• J L Garza decided to follow his instincts.

Corrections• Greece has many ancient and magnificent places:

Athens, Sparta, Crete and Delphi.• We were all going to the mall ; we had decided to visit

a couple of stores: Sears, J C Penny’s , and Dillard’s. • Don’t you think that going to town takes too much

time?• We did not find the money; however, we did find the

briefcase. • The team played terribly; we couldn’t even score a

goal. • J. L. Garza decided to follow his instincts.

COMMA,

1. To separate from the rest of the sentence a word used in direct address.

• Close the door, Manuel.

• Yes, Manuel, close the door.

2. To separate an appositive word, phrase, or clause from the rest of the

sentence.

• Cesar Chavez, a farmer worker, did much in particular for the farm workers of America and for minorities in general.

3. To separate a series of words or expressions.

• President Lincoln was a log cabin builder, sales clerk, writer, lawyer, and famous orator.

4. To separate a direct quotation from the rest of the sentence.

• In the Bible it states, “Seek an ye shall find.”

5. To separate the independent clauses of a compound sentence.

I will go to town, and I will buy some groceries.

6. To separate a dependent clause from an independent clause.

• If you make up your mind to try hard, you will succeed.

• You will succeed if you make up your mind to try hard.

7. To separate yes, no, and well from the sentence or statement

which follows them. • Yes, I see it now.• No, you may not.• Well, do what you want.

8. To separate the day of the month from the year.

•December 29, 1960

•November 30, 1987

•February 25, 1992

•June 15, 1997

9. To separate a contrasting expression which is introduced by not

. . But, not only . . But also.

•Mary will graduate, not in January, but in June.

10. To set off words, phrases and clauses which are out of their

natural order.

• The boys, wet and tired, sat down to rest.

• Seated in his chair, Father settled all world problems.

11. To set off a non-restrictive clause

•James, who is our cousin, was the hero of the game.

12. To set off transitional words and phrases

• Henry, of course, should also go.

• On the other hand, I didn’t have the money to spend.

13. To separate the name of the city

from the name of the state or country.

• Miami, Florida

• Cancun, Mexico

14. After the greeting or complimentary close of a letter

• Dear Joe,• Dear Mary,

• Sincerely yours, • Your friend,

Practice exercise:

• The girls worn out but happy began eating their hamburgers.

• However you should not go to town today.

• We traveled to San Francisco California.

• Alex who is our great-uncle always had a new joke to tell.

• No I will not mail the form

• I will be leaving April 23 2003.

• I will go swimming not at 2:00PM but at 1:00PM.

• Bring that hammer to me Javier.

• Mr Garcia a brave man leaped into the blaze and saved the toddler.

• President Jefferson was a farmer builder and writer.

• President Kennedy said “Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.”

• We did not find the gold but we did find the gold but we did find a beautiful chest.

• Because he was not happy he decided to take a nap.

Corrections:

• The girls, worn out but happy, began eating their hamburgers.

• However, you should not go to town today.

• We traveled to San Francisco, California.

• Alex, who is our great-uncle, always had a new joke to tell.

• No, I will not mail the form

• I will be leaving April 23, 2003.

• I will go swimming, not at 2:00PM, but at 1:00PM.

• Bring that hammer to me, Javier.

• Mr. Garcia, a brave man, leaped into the blaze and saved the toddler.

• President Jefferson was a farmer, builder, and writer.

• President Kennedy said, “Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.”

• We did not find the gold, but we did find the gold but we did find a beautiful chest.

• Because he was not happy, he decided to take a nap.

Assignment:• 1. P S I don’t think I’ll be coming home for Christmas.• 2. Sergio who was tall and strong lifted the cheerleader handily. • 3. I studied all night however I still failed the exam.• 4. The U S Constitution states “Seek happiness.”• 5. Although he was sleepy he could not rest. • 6. President Bush a true Texan wears boots daily. • 7. Yes you will pass.• 8. Don’t forget to eat breakfast• 9. I will be living not in New York but in San Francisco. • 10. To take good notes you need to follow three rules listen organize and revise.• 11. You should have known on the one hand that your time was over. • 12. Alberto traveled for years yet he never found his home. • 13. The moon was especially bright that night. • 14. Preparing some potato salad Mom ran us out of the kitchen.• 15. The soldier ate his lunch slowly he was totally exhausted.• 16. Absolutely Sylvia come by and have some dinner.• 17. No one will ever forget September 11 2001• 18. J A Gonzalez always knew the right answer.• 19. We came here to camp cook-out and swim.• 20. Why don’t you look for a small apartment

Created by José J. González, Jr. Spring 2002 1 PUNCTUATION, Part 1 YOUR FAVORITE GRAMMAR SUBJECT...

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