Creating Knowledge with Users

transcript

Seeing is understanding.Seeing is understanding.

Creating Knowledge

With Users

Change Vision, Inc.

Kenji Hiranabe

By Yasunobu Kawaguchi

SAP Waldorf

Agenda

• Introduction

• Part I:–Nonaka’s Scrum: People As The

Conveyor of Knowledge

• Part II:–Exploring User Wish Through

Mindmapping

Kenji HIRANABE(1/2)• (co-)Translator of �

OO, UML books Mind Map book

XP/ Agile books

• (co-)Author of �C++ book

Scrum book

Agile and Scrum:

Collaborative Software

Development That Connects

Customers, Engineers and

Management

Kenji HIRANABE(2/2)• CEO of Astah.net.

• astah – UML editor

– With Mind Map, ERD, SysML

– http://astah. net/

– Runs on• PC, Mac, Linux, iPad

Part I

Nonaka’s ScrumPeople as the Conveyor of Knowledge

Change Vision, Inc.

Kenji Hiranabe

Do you know where the word “Scrum”came from ?

http://www.publickey1.jp/blog/11/10_innovation_sprint_2011.html

Innovation Sprint 2011

Jeff Sutherland Ikujiro Nonaka

Quote from the first

Scrum Book

• “Agile Software Development with Scrum” (by

Ken Schwaber, Mike Beedle) starts with the

following quote.

The "relay race" approach to product development ... may conflict with the goals of maximum speed and flexibility. Instead a holistic or "rugby" approach – where the team tries to go the distance as a unit, passing the ball back and forth – may better serve today's competitive requirements.

-- “The New New Product Development Game”

HIRANABE, Some rights

reserved

Toyota Production System

Lean Software Development

Kanban

Lean Startup

The New New Product Development Game

Four steps to the epiphany

Agile and Lean

Startup

Patterns

Manufacturing Industry in Japan

2013 Yasunobu Kawaguchi

Prof. Ikujiro Nonaka

The New New Product Development Game(HBR)

ScrumStop the relay race, take up rugby

The Knowledge Creating Company

SECI-modelSpiral transformation of

Tacit knowledge and Explicit knowledge

3Managing Flow, The Wise Leadership(HBR)

PhronesisThe third knowledge type after

Science (explicit knowledge)

And art (tact knowledge)

U.S. Marine

Fractal

OrganizationSelf-similar structure

at all levels

SECI model

Copyright Nonaka I. 2010Copyright Nonaka I. 2010

Two Types of Knowledge

Spiral up through Spiral up through dynamic interactiondynamic interaction

AnalogAnalog--Digital SynthesisDigital Synthesis

Objective and rational knowledge that can be expressed in words, sentences, numbers, or formulas (context-free)

Theoretical approachProblem solvingManualsDatabase

Subjective and experiential knowledge that can not be expressed in words, sentences, numbers, or Formulas (Context-specific)Cognitive Skills

beliefsimagesperspectivesmental models

Technical Skillscraftknow-how

Tacit Knowledge Explicit Knowledge

http://www.flickr.com/photos/visitabudhabi/6708954439/

Knowledge

Subjective and

experiential

knowledge that

can not be

expressed in

words, sentences,

numbers, or

Formulas

(Context-specific)

• Explicit

Knowledge

• Objective and

rational

knowledge that

can be

expressed in

words,

sentences,

numbers, or

formulas

(context-free)http://www.flickr.com/photos/stuartpilbrow/4264302708/

“Sticky” Information

• Product developers need two types of information in order to succeed at their work: need and context-of-use information (generated by users) and generic solution information (often initially generated by manufacturers specializing in a particular type of solution) Bringing these two types of information together is not easy. Both need information and solution information are often very “sticky”—that is, costly to move from the site where the information was generated to other sites�.

• -- “Democratizing Innovation” (by Eric Von Hippel)

Copyright Nonaka I. 2010

SECI Model

Explicit

Tacit Tacit

Explicit

SocializationSocialization ExternalizationExternalization

InternalizationInternalization CombinationCombination

Environment

Individual

Organizational Knowledge CreationSECI Model

Sharing and creating tacit knowledge through direct experience

I = Individual, G = Group, O = Organization, E = Environment

Learning and acquiring new tacit knowledge in practice

1. Perceiving reality

as it is

2. Sensing and

Empathizing with

others and the

environment

3. Transferring of

tacit knowledge

9. Embodying explicit

knowledge through

action and reflection

10. Using simulation and

experiments

Articulating tacit knowledge through dialogue and reflection

4. Articulating tacit

knowledge using

symbolic language

5. Translating tacit

knowledge into a

concept or prototype

Systemizing and applying explicit knowledge and information

6. Gathering and

integrating explicit

knowledge

7. Breaking down the

concept and finding

relationships among

the concepts

8. Editing and

systemizing explicit

knowledge

Explicit

Tacit Tacit

Explicit

Environment

Individual

A Story of

Matsushita Electric’s

“Home Bakery”(Bread Making Machine)

Source: http://panasonic.co.jp/ism/bakery/vol01/index.html

Ms. Ikuko TanakaCurrent Title: Senior Engineer at Living Environment Development CenterEver since she joined the company, she has involved in development of cooking software.“I have been studying cooking science, and I feel a calling in this job, that is development of cooking appliance software.”

In 1984, 3 divisions “Rice-Cooker Division”, “Heating Appliances Division”, “Rotation Division” were integrated into New “Cooking Appliances Division”.

Source: http://panasonic.co.jp/ism/bakery/vol01/index.html

Let me do it!

First Internal AttemptFailed miserably. Crust was overcooked leaving the

dough inside raw.

Bread is very sensitive. Proper cooking time changes 1

hour if the temperature of the dough differs in 1°C

Compared machine-kneaded dough and professional

baker-kneaded dough using X rays.

→ But no meaningful data

She proposed an idea�

Let me work with

“him” as an apprentice!

At Osaka International Hotel�Apprentice to the head baker

“A software engineer kneads dough and bakes bread, exploring what is the best set of conditions, and the hardware engineer make a prototype that clears the conditions. With that prototype the software engineer make another try, and… this process repeats like playing catch obsessively.”

I ate 5,000 piece of breadin those 3 years!

“I was always watching the master to steal the way he kneaded the dough and tried it myself. He not only slaps but also “twists and stretches” the dough. When I found it, I went straight to the hardware engineer and talked about it.”

This “Twisting Stretch” is implemented (or transformed to explicit knowledge) as this Special Rib.

“The rotated dough is trapped by this rib and this effect realized the master’s hand movements.”

Results�536,000 units in its first year.

�Exported to the United States, West Germany, and Hong Kong. Later to Sweden, Thailand, Australia, and New Zealand.

�1,000,000 units sold by the timecompetitors released their version.

�Users' voices to the engineers, fresh air to theCooking Appliances Division.

�Inspired other divisionsthroughout Matsushita.

Design ThinkingRelationship with

Design Thinking

“Design thinking is a human-centered approach to innovation that draws

from the designer's toolkit to integrate the needs of people, the

possibilities of technology, and the requirements for business success.”

—Tim Brown, president and CEO

IDEO Method Cards

There’s also an App !

Source: Tobias Hildenbrandhttp://de.slideshare.net/hildenbrand/keynote-alm-days-2012-combining-design-and-development

Socialization

• “Sharing and creating tacit knowledge through direct experience

• 1. Perceiving reality as it is

• 2. Sensing and empathizing with others

and the environment

• 3. Transferring of tacit knowledge”

Source: Tobias Hildenbrandhttp://de.slideshare.net/hildenbrand/keynote-alm-days-2012-combining-design-and-development

ScrumBack to

SECI Model and Agile Practices

Explicit

Tacit Tacit

Explicit

Sprint DemoSprint Demo

Visit UsersVisit UsersCoding StandardCoding StandardT

Sprint PlanningSprint Planning

Story WritingStory Writing

Everything about

Learning�

Everything about

Learning�

Daily StandupDaily Standup

Sit TogetherSit Together

Pair ProgrammingPair Programming

RetrospectivesRetrospectives

SECI As Knowledge Creation Machine

II CCT

Created Knowledge

Knowledge about

How to create it

Knowledge about

User and Usage

Growing Working

Software

Learning Scrum

Implemented as

1. Design Thinking

2. Agile

Product People

Contemplation in Action:Indwelling in Actuality with Deep Thinking

“I can see many things

when I see a machine. How

can we maneuver through

that curve? We should do

this, we should do that....

Then I think about the next

machine. We can make a

faster machine if we think

like this, and so on. It’s a

natural progress into the

next step.”

- Soichiro Honda

Source: Honda Motor Corporation

(Picture at the Automobile Hall of Fame, Detroit)

Concept Building: Dialoguing on the Spot

Soichiro Honda

Drawing on

the floor

Words and

actionsBy articulating into

language, we

clearly understand

what we are

thinking

Source: Honda Motor Corporation

Automobile Hall of Fame (Detroit)

What’s the product owner ?

The person(s) who had the first belief, should run through the whole process

As the conveyer of knowledge.

FEEL,BeforeyouTHINK!

Part II

Exploring User Wish

Through Mindmapping

Change Vision, Inc.

Kenji Hiranabe

Exploring User Wish through

Mind Mapping

Kenji HIRANABE

Mind map by Michal Splho

Agenda

• Introduction

• What is a Mind Map and Why

• Exploring User Wish using Mind

Mapping

• Demonstration

• Conclusion

Mind Map

• Tony Buzan

• Graphical note technique

– And more than that

• Visualize thoughts with

a radiant structure

IDEO Method Cards

Affinity Diagrams

Seeing is understanding.Seeing is understanding.da Vinci uses Pictures and Words at the same time

“How it feels to have a stroke”

Brain Scientist Jill Bolte Taylor

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UyyjU8fzEYU

Mind map by Michal Splho

Mind Mapping

• Examples �

Seeing is understanding.Seeing is understanding.Kent Beck’s XP 2nd

Seminar Ideas

Project Christmas Planning

Meeting Minutes Template

Guitar Chord

Diagram

“Mastering the Requirements” Process by Suzanne and James Robertson,1999.

Mind Map

1. Keyword Oriented

2. Loose syntax and semantics

3. Fast and Easy

4. High level View

5. Evocative

6. Explore and Gather Ideas

User Stores: Ron Jeffries’ 3 Cs

• Card

– Written on note cards.

– Cards may be annotated with estimates, notes, etc.

• Conversation

– Details behind the story come out during conversation with customer

• Confirm

– Acceptance tests confirm the story was coded correctly

User Stories: Mike Cohn

• Shift focus from writing to talking

• Metaphor of Trawling (by Suzanne and James Robertson)– Requirements can be captured with different sized

– Requirements change, mature, possibly die

– Skill is a factor

• Avoid “The user”, find “Roles”

• In order to <benefit>,as a <role>,I want to <story>,

Why Mind Map and User Stories Fit ?

• Shift focus from writing to talking

• Trawl requirements with coarse sized net first

• Capture Emotion, Use your right brain !

Colors, and Pictures !

– To fully utilize broadband communication and

preserve it in your brain, as the same time, keep it

into a mind map as a memento of the situation. In

the future conversation, you can use it to resume

the context back.

User Wish Mind Map

• The first step of getting what you want.

• Get the Big Picture.

• Who? first.

• Semi-structured.

• Gather info and mine UseCases/User Stories.

Demonstration

• City Library System Interview�

Library Interview Mind Map

UseCase Diagram

User Stories Mind Map

User Stories Spreadsheet

Also to PowerPoint!

User WishUser Wish

Big Picture Mind MapBig Picture Mind Map

User Stories/ Use CasesUser Stories/ Use Cases

Why?Why?

Who?Who?

When?When?

Estimate, Plan, Prioritize, Test

valuerole

The big picture of this presentation

Stickyminds.com article“Agile Modeling with Mind Map and UML”

Search: stickyminds Kenji HIRANABE

Seeing isUnderstanding

Creating Knowledge with Users

Technology