W.G. Booth School of Engineering Practice, GMC Centre for Engineering Design, McMaster University

CSP-SEAWATER DESALINATION FOR RECLAIMED LAND IRRIGATION IN EGYPT

Student: A. Abdel Fattah Sponsor: International Finance Corporation (IFC) World Bank Group Supervisor: V. Mahalec

Project Goal: Develop an evaluation tool for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Seawater desalination system for irrigation

Engineering Basis: •  Specific Thermal/Electrical Energy

need for Desalination (kWh/m3) •  DNI monthly distribution (kWh/m2) •  CSP Thermal/Electrical efficiencies •  Relation between DNI-Desalination-

Irrigation water production •  Deficit and Surplus months •  Surplus reservoir

Next Steps: •  An optimum solution lies in the

improvement of all sections (Solar, Desalination and Irrigation efficiency)

•  Pilot projects must be built, while this model serves as a guideline for farm owners, the IFC and future projects

M. Eng Design-Product Design 16/09/2010

Requirements: •  Agriculture: Irrigation water requirements •  Seawater Desalination: Suitable

technology to meet irrigation targets •  CSP: Suitable technology to meet

desalination energy needs •  Cost of CSP and desalination technologies,

and farm revenue/cost estimations

CSP

Sea

wat

er

Des

alin

atio

n Agriculture

Solar Field/Power Block

Desalination

Irrigation Requirements

Surplus Reservoir

DNI

(kWh/m2)

Electrical/ Thermal Energy

SUN

SEA

(kWhe/month) (kWhth/month)

Discharge/Intake

(m3/month) Irrigation Water

(m3/month)

Results:

•  Linear Fresnel CSP technology (Lowest CAPEX/OPEX, local manufacturing) •  Traditional desalination is expensive for agribusiness (RO 1.8 $/m3, MED 2.3 $/m3),

HDH and DDD technologies may present a more feasible solution (1.3 $/m3) •  High value low water consuming crops are more favorable for this system

Water Need Profile

CSP technology parameters

Desalination technology parameters

Technical model

Results: • Solar field area • Desalination capacity • Additional information about the solar field, desalination plant and the water profiles • Heat recovery from the PB can be applied • Alternative energy comparisons

0

20000

40000

60000

Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov

Volu

me

of W

ater

(m^3

) Irrigation Water Required and Output Desal Capacity Vs Months

Irrigation Water Required

Output Capacity

0

20000

40000

60000

0

2000000

4000000

6000000

1 Prim

ary

Ener

gy (k

Wh)

Months

Primary Energy (from thermal field) and Output Desal Capacity Vs Months

Primary Energy Output Capacity

Volu

me

of W

ater

(m^3

)

Economical Parameters (Farm Costs and revenues, Loan, Desalination and CSP)

Economical model

Results: • CAPEX, OPEX, 1st 30 years investment information (Cash flow, Debt, Cumulative profit, Cost of water, etc.) • Comparison between 2 different loan payments (fixed and variable annuity)

(600,000)

(400,000)

(200,000)

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

Year

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

($)

Total O&M, Annuity, Net Profit and Total Farm Costs Vs. Years (Reg. Annuity Payment)

Total O&M

Annuity

Net Profit

Total Farm Costs

Problem Statement: •  Egypt’s freshwater deficit was 15.6 Bm3 (23% of demand) in 2000,

and is expected to grow to 67.4 Bm3 (48% of demand) by 2050

•  Energy intensive desalination is the only solution to cover the deficit

High Value Crops

Intake/Discharge Environmental Risk Linear Fresnel Land Sharing Irrigation Reservoir

Model