Post on 29-Mar-2021
transcript
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
David N. Schurk DES., CEM., LEED-AP., CDSM., CWEP, SFP., CIAQM., HCCC., National Healthcare Strategic Accounts Manager Carrier Corporation
Presented By:
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
US Energy Information Administration (eia.gov) "Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey”
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
Reheat and
Space Heating = 82%
50% Energy Savings
Where are we going?
Download your free copy free:
http://www.ashrae.org/standards-
research--technology/advanced-
energy-design-guides
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
Reheat and
Space Heating = 82%
COOL
(1) Overcool air to properly
dehumidify
(2) Add reheat air to make temperature
comfortable
Cooling/Dehumidification Heating
10°f of Reheat
*Healthcare’s high airflow rates are based on ventilation code requirements and not on space sensible cooling requirements*
Space Needs
COLD
P
E
R
F
E
C
T
R
A
Aggressively Address Reheat
Operating Room Space Dew Point CW Temp Coil Temp Reheat
60°FDB at 50%RH 41°F 34°F 39°F 18°F
60°FDB at 60%RH 46°F 39°F 44°F 13°F
64°FDB at 50%RH 45°F 38°F 43°F 18°F
64°FDB at 60%RH 50°F 43°F 48°F 13°F
68°FDB at 50%RH 49°F 42°F 47°F 18°F
68°FDB at 60%RH 54°F 47°F 52°F 13°F
72°FDB at 50%RH 52°F 45°F 50°F 19°F
72°FDB at 60%RH 57°F 50°F 55°F 14°F
Outside Air Htg 7%
Reheat 55%
Space Htg 20%
DHW Htg 6%
Dietary/Sterilizers 5%
Distribution Losses 7%
Reheat & Space Heating = 75%
Chicago, IL Mid-Large Hospitals
Typical hospital usage profiles found in the ASHRAE HVAC Design Manual for Hospitals and Clinics.
“Midwest” energy consumption data.
Natural Gas
Usage
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
500,000 ft2/ $470,000 $352,500 = Reheat + Space Htg.
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
Reheat and
Space Heating = 82%
What's ASHE Say?
“50% of a facilities managers budget is invested in energy”.
“The HVAC system typically consumes 60-80% of the energy
necessary to operate a hospital”.
“42% of the energy a hospital uses is for reheat”.
“The internal building load, including equipment, lights and people
is the cheapest energy source for space and domestic water
heating. The systems MUST be designed to recover this energy”.
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
Reheat and
Space Heating = 82%
What's ASHRAE Say?
ASHE Monograph: Reducing Operational Costs Through Energy Efficiency
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
ENERGY STAR reports that for every $1 a healthcare
organization saves on energy, it has the equivalent
impact on the operating margin of increasing
revenues by $20 for hospitals assuming a 5%
operating margin.
Using current averages, reducing hospital
energy use by 50% will increase a hospital’s
total margin by 20% or more.
Energy Star (trademarked ENERGY STAR) is an international standard for
energy efficient consumer products originated in the United States. It was created
in 1992 by the environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Energy. A 2010 study by the University of Washington estimated that
hospitals consume 4% of all the energy consumed in the US.
Thermal Energy : 500,000 sqft X $0.94/sqft gas = $470,000/yr.
Electrical Energy: 500,000 sqft X $2.84/sqft electric = $1,420,000/yr.
Total Energy Cost: 1,890,000/yr.
Save 05% = $94,500 savings add: $1,890,000 added revenue
Save 10% = $189,000 savings add: $3,780,000 added revenue
Save 25% = $472,500 savings add : $9,450,000 added revenue
Save 50% = $945,000 savings add: $18,900,000 added revenue
500,000 sqft Typical Large Hospital @ $3.78/sqft energy cost
Houston, TX. Large Hospital - Full Circle
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
Reheat and
Space Heating = 82%
RECOVER “WASTE-HEAT” AND RETURN IT TO THE BUILDING
Building
Outdoors
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
JANUARY DECEMBER JUNE
PEAK COOLING
PEAK HEATING
(700)
MINIMUM COOLING
500,000 (ft2) = 2,500-tons cooling / 2,000-tons heating (24M)
TONS
SIMULTANEOUS COOLING & HEATING
PEAK HEATING
MINIMUM HEATING
MINIMUM COOLING MINIMUM COOLING
700TR HRC
Find applications that require simultaneous heating and cooling.
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
JANUARY DECEMBER JUNE
500,000 (ft2) = 2,500-tons cooling / 2,000-tons heating
TONS
PEAK COOLING
Find applications that require simultaneous heating and cooling.
2500TR HRC
MINIMUM COOLING MINIMUM COOLING
MINIMUM HEATING
MINIMUM COOLING
SIMULTANEOUS COOLING & HEATING
PEAK HEATING PEAK HEATING
Storage
or
Heat-Rejection
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
Convert Inefficient Steam Heating to Hot Water
“Surprisingly, roughly a
quarter (25%) of the
steam that is produced
escapes the system
before it ever reaches
the intended loads”
ASHE/HFM Magazine August
2018
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
Aggressively Address Reheat
Reheat and
Space Heating = 82%
“FREE” Regeneration Heat
Lower-Lift Chillers
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
Reheat and
Space Heating = 82%
1
2
3
3
3
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
Reheat and
Space Heating = 82%
Average $0.894/therm
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs Conventional Chiller
0.427 kW/ton X 700-tons X 24 hr/day X 365 days/yr = 2,618,364 kWh/yr X $0.1274/kWh = $333,580/yr
Conventional 95% Eff Boiler
(COP 0.95) 107.79/therms-input X 24 hr/day X 365 days/yr X $0.894/therms = $844,150/yr (10,778,947 Btuh/100,000)
Heat Reclaim Chiller
0.769 kW/ton X 700-tons X 24 hr/day X 365 days/yr = 4,715,508 kWh/yr X $0.1274/kWh = $600,756/yr
Heat Reclaim Chiller Savings: $587,786
Conventional Cooling Tower
0.06 kW/ton X 805-tons X 24 hr/day X 365 days/yr = 423,108 kWh/yr X $0.1274/kWh = $53,904/yr
Heat Reclaim Chiller Demand
0.769 kW/ton – 0.427 kW/ton = 0.342 kW/ton X 700 ton = 239kW X12-months X $15/kW demand = (-$43,092/yr)
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
Reheat and
Space Heating = 82%
Sewer Charge???
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
Does NOT include additional maintenance associated with total cost of tower ownership
Chemical treatment cost = $3.00/1000 gallons
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
Reheat and
Space Heating = 82%
Total Water + Chemical Cost = $82,391
A) HVAC Water Chillers & Cooling Towers: Fundamentals, Application & Operation, Herbert W. Stanford, Stanford White Associates, Consulting Engineers.
Tower service & maintenance savings NOT included
Aproximate Cooling Tower Water and Chemical Costs for Los Angles, CA
Waste GPM % Load % Run Time Hour/Year Gal/Yr Chiller Tons 700
32 100% 1.00% 8760 165,564 Tower Tons 840
32 75% 42.00% 8760 5,215,266 Tower GPM 2100
32 50% 45.00% 8760 3,725,190 Waste GPM 32
32 25% 12.00% 8760 496,692
Gal/Year 9,602,712 Water $/1000 gal 5.58$
Chem $/1000 gal 3.00$
Water Cost 53,583$
Chemical Cost 28,808$ Enter Values: In Yellow
Total Cost 82,391$
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
Heat Reclaim Chiller Energy Savings: $587,786
Cooling Tower Water/Chemical Savings: $82,391
Total Yearly Heat Reclaim Savings : $670,177
The Ultimate Btu Machine *Does NOT Include Utility Rebates & Incentives
$ kWh $0.65/therm $0.75/therm $0.85/therm $0.95/therm $1.05/therm
$0.04 $586,094 $680,518 $744,942 $869,366 $963,790
$0.06 $552,613 $647,037 $741,461 $835,885 $930,309
$0.08 $519,132 $613,556 $707,980 $802,404 $896,828
$0.10 $485,651 $580,075 $674,499 $768,923 $863,347
$0.12 $452,171 $546,595 $641,019 $735,443 $829,867
$0.14 $418,690 $513,114 $607,538 $701,963 $796,386
$0.16 $385,209 $479,633 $574,057 $668,481 $762,905
$0.18 $351,729 $446,153 $540,577 $635,001 $729,425
$0.20 $318,248 $412,672 $507,096 $601,220 $695,944
Total Yearly Heat Reclaim Savings
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
*Does NOT Include Utility Rebates & Incentives
$
$
$
$
$ $
700-Tons
Total Yearly Heat Reclaim Savings
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
Reheat and
Space Heating = 82%
• “Free-cooling” isn't economically justifiable.
• Turn off economizer and run HR chiller(s).
• Saves tower energy, water and chemical costs.
• Reduces natural gas consumption.
• Lowers GHG emissions.
• Drastically reduces humidification requirements.
• Provides “free” reheat.
• Eliminates space air pressurization issues.
• Simplifies equipment selection and operation.
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
Reheat and
Space Heating = 82%
Breakeven = Gas @ $0.4986/therm, Electricity
$0.1623/kWh, HR Eff @ 1.248 kW/ton.
Curbing Hospital Energy Costs
Reheat and
Space Heating = 82%
Heat-Reclaim Chiller
The Ultimate Btu Machine Heat-Recovery Chillers
Putting the “H” back into HVAC
16-800 tons Single Chassis
“There is an ethical dimension to our failure to adopt
technology, products, or protocols that improve the quality
or duration of life - it is the moral equivalent of withholding
life-saving medicine from a patient in need.
The work of improving the delivery of healthcare is both
urgent and necessary.”
Sachin H. Jain MD, MBA President/CEO, CareMore Health System; Adjunct Professor, Stanford University School of Medicine.
Thank-You