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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Cutlip & Center'sEffectivePUBLIC RELATIONS
PART IConcept, Practitioners, Context, and Origins
Chapter 4Historical Origins
Tenth Edition
Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Study Guide
After studying Chapter 4, you should be able to:1. Use examples to illustrate how the development of public relations
occurred during attempts to mobilize public opinion in struggles for power and to promote change.
2. Name major historical leaders in public relations and describe their respective contributions to the development of public relations and the current practice.
3. Trace the evolution of public relations from its American beginnings to modern practice.
4. Cite the origins of some of today’s principals and techniques that guide public relations.
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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Timeline of Public RelationsDevelopment
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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Public be Public be Mutual MutualDamned Informed UnderstandingAdjustment(1850-1900) (1901-1922) (1923-1974) (1975 –)
Eras of public relations development from Effective Public Relations, p. 93.
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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Public be Public be Mutual MutualDamned Informed UnderstandingAdjustment(1850-1900) (1901-1922) (1923-1974) (1975 –)
Press Agentry/Publicity Model
Public Information Model
Two-WayAsymmetric Model
Two-WaySymmetricModel
Grunig and Hunt’s models of public relations from Managing Public Relations (1984), p. 13.
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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Public be Public be Mutual MutualDamned Informed UnderstandingAdjustment(1850-1900) (1901-1922) (1923-1974) (1975 –)
Press Agentry/Publicity Model
Public Information Model
Two-WayAsymmetric Model
Two-WaySymmetricModel
Estimated development of the four models over the eras of public relations’ development.
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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Public be Public be Mutual MutualDamned Informed UnderstandingAdjustment(1850-1900) (1901-1922) (1923-1974) (1975 –)
Press Agentry/Publicity Model
Public Information Model
Two-WayAsymmetric Model
Two-WaySymmetricModel
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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Founders of the Field
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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Ivy Ledbetter Lee
b. July 16, 1877
d. November 9, 1934
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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
George Creel
b. December 1, 1876
d. October 2, 1953
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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
The Committee on Public Information
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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Edward L. Bernays
b. November 22, 1891d. March 9, 1995
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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Doris FleischmanBernays
b. July 18, 1892d. July 11, 1980
Married BernaysSeptember 16, 1922
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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Edward L. Bernays Counsel on Public Relations1919–1962
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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Arthur W. Page
b. September 10, 1883d. September 5, 1960
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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Allen H. Center
b. October 17, 1912d. November 13, 2005
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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Scott M. Cutlip
b. July 15, 1915d. August 18, 2000
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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Inez Y. Kaiser
b. circa 1920
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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Daniel J. Edelman
b. circa 1920
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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Harold M. Burson b. February 15, 1921
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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Tim Traverse-Healy
b. March 25, 1923
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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Betsy Ann Plank
b. circa 1924
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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
1. Seedbed Era (1900–1916) of muckraking journalism countered by defensive publicity.
2. World War I Period (1917–1918) of dramatic demonstrations of the power of organized promotion.
3. Booming Twenties Era (1919–1929) of applying lessons learned in the war about the power of publicity.
4. Roosevelt Era and World War II (1930–1945) of the Great Depression, new media, public opinion polling, and World War II.
Evolution to Maturity
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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
5. Postwar Era (1946–1964) of adjustment from a war-oriented economy to leadership of the “Free World” and the emergence of television.
6. Period of Protest and Empowerment (1965–1985) of student and activist protests, the Vietnam War, and increasing recognition of social responsibility and more responsive organizations.
7. Digital Age and Globalization (1986–present) of accelerating technology, global competition, interdependence, instantaneous communication, and terrorism.
Evolution to Maturity
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Cutlip & Center's Effective Public Relations, Tenth EditionGlen Broom
Copyright ©2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
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