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Data Communication Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Presented by,SREEJESH TR

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CONTENTS

Introduction

Why uav based communication

Uav system functions, services, and requirements

Basic networking architecture

Middleware support for uav systems

Channel characteristics

Communications with uav controlled mobility

Applications

Advantages and limitations

Conclusion

Reference

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INTRODUCTION

Unmanned aircraft system manufacturing was started by

the united states department of defense (DOD) since 2005.

Presently, leading UAV manufacturing countries are USA,

Israel, China, Iran and Russia.

Rustom series of Indian UAVs are under development.

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WHY UAV BASED COMMUNICATION

Make suitable for unexpected & limited duration missions in defense.

Provide safety communication for public during natural disaster.

To provide cost effective wireless connectivity .

Provide fast & reliable Line Of sight (LOS) communication in low altitude platforms.

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General Classification Of UAVs

Fixed wing Rotating wing

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Energy supply: Li-po battery, solar panels, conventional aeroplane

engines

Antennas : micro strip , directional antenna

Sensors : GPS, radars, camera

Actuators : digital speed controller, gimbal

GENERAL STRUCTURE

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Communication Among UAVs

UAVs are equipped with different networking technologies for communication

Eg: cellular, satellite, line of sight, real-time mobile ad hoc networking.

UAV Assisted Sensing

Efficient and accurate if multiple UAVs work together.

UAV Assisted acting

The autonomous collaboration complete the task faster and minimize human intervention.

UAV SYSTEM FUNCTIONS, SERVICES, AND REQUIREMENTS

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UAV-Based Data Storage

data storage may depend on these 3 cases

• no need to transfer data immediately

• collected data need to be processed and aggregated instantaneously

• Bandwidth requirement is high

UAV-Based Data Processing

Some UAVs are equipped with high-end computer units

Eg: high-resolution image processing, video processing, and online task planning.

Distributed Versus Centralized Control

• A centralized control system suffers from single-point failure problem

• control signals will not reach all UAV in time

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BASIC NETWORKING ARCHITECTURE

source: reference 2

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wireless communications with UAV-UAV & UAV-BS consists of two communication links,

1)CNPC LINK

CONTROL AND NON PAYLOAD COMMUNICATION(CNPC )links

• Command and control signal from Ground Control Station (GCS) to UAV.

• Aircraft status report from UAV to ground.

• Sense and avoid information among UAV.

CNPC links should operate in protected spectrum.

• L band (960-977 MHZ).

• C band (5030-5091 MHZ).

Secondary CNPC links via satellite can be used.

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2) DATA LINK

The data links maintained by the UAVs need to support the following communication modes:

• Direct mobile-UAV communication as for Base Station (BS) offloading

• UAV-BS and UAV-gateway wireless backhaul

• UAV-UAV wireless backhaul

UAV data links may range from several Kb/s to Gb/s depending upon the application.

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BASIC NETWORKING

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Source: Reference 1

PROTOCOLS AT THE DIFFERENT LINKS OF THE UAV COMMUNICATION SYSTEM HIERARCHY.

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MIDDLEWARE SUPPORT FOR UAV SYSTEMS

Middleware connects any set of components in a

distributed environment to offer better functionality.

Supported services

• Runtime support for service installation and execution

• Support different communication methods

• Help consumers to discover & use registered services

source: reference 1

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COMMUNICATIONS WITH UAV CONTROLLED MOBILITY UAV ENABLED MOBILE RELAYING

source: reference 2

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DEVICE TO DEVICE (D2D) ENHANCED INFORMATION DISSEMINATION

D2D COMMUNICATION

source: reference 2

The two phase protocol of D2D enhanced UAV information dissemination

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CHANNEL CHARACTERISTICS

UAV-GROUND Channel

LOS links & Channel blocking.

Rician fading

Partial cancellation of a radio signal by itself arrives at the receiver by

several different paths & at least one of the paths is

changing .

UAV-UAV Channel

LOS links.

Doppler Effect.

Change in frequency of a wave for an observer moving relative to its source.

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APPLICATIONS

Figure : UAV aided ubiquitous coverage.

Figure : UAV aided relaying.

source: reference 2

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Figure: UAV aided information dissemination and data collection.

Other fields of applications are,

Real-time SensingCommand-and-controlReal-time video Store-and-forward pictures

source: reference 2

APPLICATION(contn..)

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ADVANTAGES

• Remotely piloted aircrafts

• Cost reduction and miniaturisation , small UAV’s accessible to public

• Low altitude wireless communication

• Satellite communication possible

LIMITATIONS

• Less coverage

• Design complexity

• High Power requirement

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communication is important for devices to perform many collaborative tasks and services. Analyze different functions and requirements, needed in order to provide robust, efficient and energy-aware communication in UAV-based systems.

presented an overview of the different U2U and U2I networking architectures & different communication Protocols.

Discussed main design considerations for communication networks. Asapplications are rapidly growing, it become essential for solve many open problems.

CONCLUSION

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Data Communication in Linear Wireless Sensor Networks Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Imad Jawhar, Nader Mohamedand Jameela Al-Jaroodi,UAE University, Alain, UAE,University

of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA2014 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS),May 27-30, 2014.

Orlando, FL, USA

Wireless Communications with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Opportunities and ChallengesYong Zeng, Rui Zhang, and Teng Joon Lim IEEE Communications Magazine , May 2016

A Framework for Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Data Collection in Linear Wireless Sensor NetworksImad Jawhar · NaderMohamed ·Jameela Al-Jaroodi · Sheng Zhang

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle

REFERENCES

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THANK YOU