Post on 22-Dec-2015
transcript
Dehydration Synthesis & Hydrolysis
p.32
How Are Organic Compounds
Formed?
Monomers = building blocks (units)
Polymers = a larger molecule made of repeating subunits
Monomers link together to form polymers.
Many small molecules
One large molecule
Polymers:Synthesis and Hydrolysis of Polymers• The most important biological compounds are
polymers• Poly means “many”• Monomers are
a. MONOSACCHARIDES (SIMPLE SUGARS)b. AMINO ACIDSc. NUCLEOTIDESd. FATTY ACIDS
Polymers are:• made (DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS) or broken
down (HYDROLYSIS) over and over in living cells
• Dehydration Synthesis = loss of water• a.k.a. Condensation• a.k.a. Polymerization
Background:–Often organic molecule contain functional
groups containing carboxyl (COOH) or hydroxyl groups (OH) or both.–This is important because H and OH can be
found hanging off monomers
Monomer MonomerOH
H
Dehydration Synthesis
Dehydration Synthesis
Dehydration Synthesis
What kind of bond is this?
Water released
Dehydration Synthesis
Dehydration Synthesis
Dehydration Synthesis
Dehydration Synthesis
14
Polymer Monomer• Hydrolysis• Hydro = water & lysis = loosening• Water is added and breaks the
covalent bonds of polymers• Requires hydrolytic enzymes
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis
19
Diagram of Synthesis vs. Hydrolysis
H2 O
H2 O
Monomers
Polymer
Hydrolysis Reaction
Synthesis Reaction
20
Diagram of Synthesis vs. Hydrolysis
H2 O
H2 O
Monomers
Polymer
Hydrolysis Reaction
Synthesis Reaction
A. Proteins: Polymers of amino acidsB. Nucleic Acids(DNA, RNA): Polymers of
nucleotidesC. Carbohydrates: Polymers of
monosaccharidesD. Lipids: Polymers of fatty acids & glycerol
Organic compounds are also known as MACROMOLECULES.
Types of Polymers
22
Organic Molecules: Preview
Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids
Composition:
H O C H O C H O C N (P , S)
H O C N P
Function: Energy/ Structure
Energy storage/
Structure/ Signalling
Structure/ Catalysis
Genetic code