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Keeping Today’s Wildlife from Becoming Tomorrow’s Memory
DelawareDelaware WildlifeWildlife
Action PlanAction Plan
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control
Division of Fish and Wildlife 89 King Highway
Dover, Delaware 19901
www.dnrec@delaware.gov
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan 2007 - 2017
Submitted to:
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 300 Westgate Center Drive
Hadley, MA 01035-9589
September, 2006
Submitted by:
Olin Allen, Biologist Brianna Barkus, Outreach Coordinator
Karen Bennett, Program Manager
Cover Photos by: Chris Bennett, Chuck Fullmer, Mike Trumabauer, DE Div. of Fish & Wildlife
Delaware Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control 89 Kings Highway Dover DE 19901
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Acknowledgements This project was funded, in part, through grants from the Delaware Division of Fish & Wildlife with funding from the Division of Federal Assistance, United States Fish & Wildlife Service under the State Wildlife Grants Program; and the Delaware Coastal Programs with funding from the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under award number NA17OZ2329.
We gratefully acknowledge the participation of the following individuals:
Jen Adkins Chris Bennett Melinda Carl John Clark Rick Cole Robert Coxe Janet Dennis Ellen Dickey Nick DiPasquale Sara Donovall Marcia Fox Rob Gano Kitt Heckscher Terry Higgins Rob Hossler Jake Jacobini Annie Jacobs Kathleen Jamison Bill Jones Kevin Kalasz
Sally Kepfer Gary Kreamer Annie Larson Wayne Lehman Jeff Lerner Rob Line Andy Manus Pete Martin Cathy Martin Bill McAvoy Rick McCorkle Stew Michels Roy Miller Greg Moore Greg Murphy Holly Niederriter Basaran Ozden Marnie Pepper Susan Peterson Mike Polo
NV Raman Ken Reynolds Ellen Roca Bob Rufe Tom Saladyga Craig Shirey Maria Taylor Jeff Tinsman Shelley Tovell-DiBona Maria Trabka Mike Valenti Terry Villanueva Kevina Vulinec Spencer Waller Dawn Webb Jim White Bill Whitman Tom Whittendale Steve Williams Jean Woods
We wish to extend a special note of appreciation to Bill McAvoy for his patience and persistence with the habitat mapping component of the Plan. Bill generously shared his knowledge, expertise and familiarity with Delaware’s landscape, and we are grateful for the energy he contributed to creating many of the habitat layers found in this Plan.
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Executive Summary Despite its small size Delaware harbors a diversity of wildlife and habitats within its borders from the Atlantic Ocean coastline to the Piedmont border with Pennsylvania. More than 1,000 species of wildlife have been documented in the state, and more than 125 different types of habitat have been identified including coastal marine waters and brackish marshes, tidal and non-tidal freshwater streams and wetlands, and upland forests and meadows.
This document, the Delaware Wildlife Action Plan (“Plan”), represents the state’s first attempt to develop a comprehensive strategy for conserving the full array of native wildlife and habitats – common and uncommon – as vital components of the state’s natural resources. It is intended not only to be comprehensive in terms of the species, habitats, issues and actions it addresses, but also comprehensive in terms of those responsible for implementation. Though the Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife (“DFW”) will play a lead role in its continued development and in coordinating implementation, the Plan is intended for all who are actively engaged in conservation efforts. Together with conservation partners, we aim to keep species common, and to prevent species from being listed as endangered.
The Plan was developed with the participation of key conservation partners and public input was solicited primarily through a website. The Plan identifies more than 450 Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) and 50 different types of habitat. Because this is a comprehensive plan for all wildlife, large blocks of forest and wetland habitats that support many common species are also identified. Maps depicting habitat for a full array of wildlife (“Key Habitats”) are presented to show areas of the state where conservation efforts can be focused. These maps are also intended to help guide more site-specific conservation planning efforts. A successful site-specific community-based planning effort was conducted in partnership with The Nature Conservancy as a subset of the state’s wildlife strategy development.
Recognizing all possible issues that affect species and habitats of conservation concern, whether we fully understand their impacts, is an important step in building a comprehensive plan. Nearly 90 different conservation issues affecting species or habitats of conservation concern were identified, representing 16 different categories of issues. To address this extensive list of issues and impacts on SGCN and Key Habitats, more than 230 different conservation actions were developed. This extensive list of issues and actions were prioritized by reviewing several natural resource plans developed for Delaware over the years. As a result, a clear picture of priorities emerged; among themes represented were habitat loss and degradation, as well as institutional capacity of DFW as the lead agency for the Plan.
Implementation of the Plan will be guided by a steering committee that meets regularly and is comprised of key partners including representatives from other state agencies, conservation organizations, and stakeholder and user groups. The Plan will be updated continuously by DFW as soon as new information becomes available about species, habitats, issues or actions, and the first formal review will take place two years after approval, with subsequent reviews every five years. A database is under development to track updates of Plan components in order to facilitate the review process, and an interactive version of the Plan will be posted on the DNREC website and made widely available on CD following the Plan’s acceptance.
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Table of Contents Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................... iExecutive Summary ........................................................................................................................ iiTable of Contents ........................................................................................................................... iiiList of Figures ................................................................................................................................. v1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1-11.1. Purpose, Goal and Guiding Principles .......................................................................... 1-11.1.1. Purpose ................................................................................................................... 1-11.1.2. Goal and Guiding Principles for Conservation Actions ........................................ 1-11.2. Road Map to the Eight Elements ................................................................................... 1-41.3. Public Involvement, Partnerships and Coordination ..................................................... 1-52. Planning Context .................................................................................................................. 2-13. Species of Greatest Conservation Need ............................................................................... 3-13.1. Selection Criteria ........................................................................................................... 3-13.2. Abundance and Distribution .......................................................................................... 3-34. Key Wildlife Habitats .......................................................................................................... 4-14.1. Ecological Framework .................................................................................................. 4-14.2. Location and Relative Condition................................................................................... 4-14.2.1. Habitat Mapping .................................................................................................... 4-14.2.2. Relative Condition ................................................................................................. 4-25. Determining Conservation Issues and Actions .................................................................... 5-15.1. Issues ............................................................................................................................. 5-25.1.1. Issues Impacting Key Habitats and SGCN ............................................................ 5-35.1.2. Issues Affecting Institutional Capacity ................................................................ 5-135.2. Actions ........................................................................................................................ 5-156. Conservation Issues and Actions ......................................................................................... 6-16.1. Key Wildlife Habitats: Descriptions and Conservation Issues and Actions ................. 6-16.1.1. SGCN Occurrences ................................................................................................ 6-26.1.2. Beach and Dune Habitats ....................................................................................... 6-26.1.3. Early Successional Upland Habitats ...................................................................... 6-66.1.4. Coastal Plain Upland Forests ............................................................................... 6-116.1.5. Coastal Plain Forested Floodplains and Riparian Swamps.................................. 6-186.1.6. Atlantic White Cedar Non-tidal Wetlands ........................................................... 6-246.1.7. Coastal Plain Seasonal Ponds .............................................................................. 6-256.1.8. Interdunal Wetlands ............................................................................................. 6-296.1.9. Piedmont Stream Valley Wetlands ...................................................................... 6-316.1.10. Peat Wetlands ................................................................................................... 6-346.1.11. Riverine Aquatic and Submerged Vegetation .................................................. 6-366.1.12. Freshwater Tidal Forested and Scrub-Shrub Wetlands .................................... 6-386.1.13. Freshwater Tidal Marshes ................................................................................ 6-416.1.14. Tidal High Marshes .......................................................................................... 6-446.1.15. Tidal Low Marshes........................................................................................... 6-486.1.16. Non-tidal Coastal Plain Streams ...................................................................... 6-526.1.17. Nearshore Habitats ........................................................................................... 6-596.1.18. Impoundments .................................................................................................. 6-64
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6.1.19. Forest Blocks .................................................................................................... 6-676.1.20. Wetland Blocks ................................................................................................ 6-686.2. Conservation Issues and Actions for Multiple Key Habitats ...................................... 6-696.2.1. Habitat Loss and Fragmentation .......................................................................... 6-706.2.2. Residential and Commercial Development Practices .......................................... 6-746.2.3. Agricultural and Forestry Operations .................................................................. 6-766.2.4. Industrial Operations ............................................................................................ 6-786.2.5. Transportation and Utility Operations and Maintenance ..................................... 6-816.2.6. Invasive Species, Nuisance Animals and Wildlife Diseases ............................... 6-816.2.7. Climate Change .................................................................................................... 6-836.2.8. Recreational Activities ......................................................................................... 6-846.2.9. Resource Management ......................................................................................... 6-856.3. Habitat-independent Conservation Issues and Actions for SGCN .............................. 6-866.3.1. Residential and Commercial Development Practices .......................................... 6-866.3.2. Transportation and Utility Operations and Maintenance ..................................... 6-866.3.3. Invasive Species, Nuisance Animals and Wildlife Diseases ............................... 6-876.3.4. Energy Production ............................................................................................... 6-886.3.5. Wildlife Harvesting .............................................................................................. 6-886.4. Institutional Capacity Issues and Actions ................................................................... 6-897. Priority Conservation Issues and Actions ............................................................................ 7-18. Measuring Success – Inventory, Monitoring, Research and Adaptive Management .......... 8-18.1. Inventory ....................................................................................................................... 8-28.2. Monitoring ..................................................................................................................... 8-38.3. Research ........................................................................................................................ 8-58.4. Adaptive Management .................................................................................................. 8-68.5. Examples ..................................................................................................................... 8-139. Plan Review and Update ...................................................................................................... 9-110. Plan Implementation ....................................................................................................... 10-111. Bibliography ................................................................................................................... 11-112. Appendices....................................................................................................................................12-1
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List of Figures Figure 1. Wildlife Habitat Classification ................................................................ following p. 4-2 Figure 2. General Wildlife Habitat Classification ....................................................... Appendix D Figure 3. Detailed Wildlife Habitat Classification – A ................................................ Appendix D Figure 4. Detailed Wildlife Habitat Classification – B ................................................ Appendix D Figure 5. Detailed Wildlife Habitat Classification – C ................................................ Appendix D Figure 6. Detailed Wildlife Habitat Classification – D ................................................ Appendix D Figure 7. Detailed Wildlife Habitat Classification – E ................................................ Appendix D Figure 8. Detailed Wildlife Habitat Classification – F ................................................ Appendix D Figure 9. Detailed Wildlife Habitat Classification – G ................................................ Appendix D Figure 10. Statewide Key Wildlife Habitats .................................................................. Appendix E Figure 11. Key Wildlife Habitats – A ............................................................................ Appendix E Figure 12. Key Wildlife Habitats – B ............................................................................ Appendix E Figure 13. Key Wildlife Habitats – C ............................................................................ Appendix E Figure 14. Key Wildlife Habitats – D ............................................................................ Appendix E Figure 15. Key Wildlife Habitats – E ............................................................................ Appendix E Figure 16. Key Wildlife Habitats – F............................................................................. Appendix E Figure 17. Key Wildlife Habitats – G ............................................................................ Appendix E Figure 18. Statewide Key Wildlife Habitats & Developed/Developing Areas ..............Appendix F Figure 19. Statewide Key Wildlife Habitats & Green Infrastructure .............................Appendix F
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SECTION 1
Introduction
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1. Introduction
1.1. Purpose, Goal and Guiding Principles
1.1.1. PurposeDelaware has a long and successful history of wildlife management. Starting in the early 1900s, the forerunner of the Division of Fish and Wildlife (“DFW”) began applying a combination of State and Federal funds first for the management of game animals and sport fish, and then for endangered species - and the habitats that sustain all of them. Animals as diverse as white-tailed deer, striped bass and bald eagle have been restored to prominence after nearly disappearing from our forests, rivers and skies.
As successful as this work has been, it is obviously no longer sufficient. The growing list of declining wildlife, the escalating pace of land development, the emergence of new threats like invasive species and climate change – all point to the urgent need to expand the scope of wildlife management. We now must work to conserve a variety of habitats across the landscape, rather than focusing on individual species. This will result in “keeping common things common” at the same time it continues to protect those species that are rare.
In recognition of this need, the Federal government has begun providing new funding to the states for truly comprehensive wildlife management. As a condition of this funding, each state must prepare a “Wildlife Action Plan” to describe its efforts to conserve “species in greatest need of conservation” while addressing the “full array of wildlife” and wildlife-related issues.
Eight elements are required in the Wildlife Action Plans, and these are covered in various parts of this plan. See Section 1.2, Road Map to the Eight Elements, for a guide to their location.
1.1.2. Goal and Guiding Principles for Conservation Actions The goal of the Delaware Wildlife Action Plan is to provide strategic direction, and an information and logistical framework, for conserving Delaware’s native wildlife and habitats as vital components of the state’s natural resources. It is based on the following principles:
Conservation of Species vs. Habitats – Target the preservation or restoration of SGCN, but emphasize the management of ecological structure and function of key habitats over management of individual species.
Management of wildlife species in Delaware has traditionally focused on game animals and sport fish, leaving the great majority of Delaware’s wildlife entirely unmanaged. The belief that many non-game species benefit from management for game species is a largely untested assumption, and should not be substituted for direct management of SGCN and their habitats.
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DEWAP is ultimately a plan for “keeping common things common” and therefore avoiding further costly listings of wildlife species as threatened or endangered.This can only be accomplished by managing for a diversity of habitat types. Single-species management should be limited to those with unique life requirements and those requiring targeted action because they are at risk of extirpation.
Management on Conservation Lands – Direct management in state wildlife areas – and state parks and state forests in keeping with their primary missions – towards key habitats and SGCN in the Green Infrastructure Natural Resources Focus Area, in order to protect and restore habitats and species, and to abate the impacts of conservation issues. Encourage Federal and NGO land managers to focus on this same objective.
Many SGCN – and other wildlife species – are “area-sensitive,” requiring relatively large areas of mostly unbroken habitat to ensure their viability. Delaware’s Green Infrastructure Natural Resources Focus Area provides such an interconnected network of forests, uplands and wetlands. State, federal and NGO conservation lands, which generally constitute the largest parcels in this network, are particularly critical for meeting the needs of area-sensitive species. Landscape-level planning among all these agencies and organizations will be necessary to implement Green Infrastructure.
Management on Private Lands – Direct private lands management toward buffering and connecting conservation lands in the Green Infrastructure Natural Resources Focus Area, and towards protecting outlying small patch habitats and SGCN.
Private landowners can often play a role in wildlife diversity conservation, although Delaware’s highly fragmented landscape somewhat limits the scope of this contribution (the state contains more than 300,000 privately owned parcels that are often burdened by structures, roads, utilities and other habitat-fragmenting features, thus making it difficult to manage these lands for area-sensitive SGCN).Therefore, management of wildlife and habitats on private lands can often best be used to buffer and connect public and NGO conservation lands. For some wildlife species that require specialized habitat in small patches, though, most opportunities for conservation may occur on private lands.
Measuring Success – Inventory, Monitoring, Research and Adaptive Management – Establish performance indicators to measure the success of conservation actions and plan implementation. Inventory and monitor species, habitats and impacts of conservation issues, and conduct applied research, so as to facilitate adaptive management.
Too often, conservation planning and resource management suffer from a lack of measurable outcomes and the absence of a feedback loop that incorporates knowledge from earlier successes and failures. Inventory, monitoring, research and adaptive management are the components of a larger effort to measure the success of DEWAP and provide accountability for its implementation.
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Division Operations – Reorganize, revise and/or enhance DFW administrative structure, staffing, budgeting, procedures and practices as necessary to facilitate implementation of DEWAP.
DEWAP is intended for use by all conservation agencies and organizations in the state – as appropriate to their authorities and missions – and full implementation will require extensive cooperation among all parties. However, as the lead agency for the conservation of Delaware’s wildlife resources, DFW is ultimately responsible for the success of the DEWAP. It can assure this success by aligning its structure and procedures to best support Plan implementation.
Partnership Development – Strengthen partnerships with other conservation agencies and organizations to link landscapes, tie together complementary approaches, and leverage investments of time, staff and money.
Although DFW has lead responsibility for implementing DEWAP, the scope of the division’s actions is limited by specific legal authorities and finite logistical resources. Incorporating existing programs, strategies and actions of partners – government, NGO and private – into the Strategy, and coordinating new initiatives with them, greatly increases the effectiveness and efficiency of conservation. This will require a concerted effort by DFW to reach out to these partners and embrace truly collaborative management.
Data Collection and Information Management – Collect, manage and analyze data to support wildlife diversity conservation efforts with sound science.
Baseline tabular and spatial data on the abundance and distribution of many Delaware key habitats are lacking, as is data on many SGCN and conservation issues. Field surveys of key habitats, SGCN and conservation issues, and thorough management and rigorous analysis of this information, are needed to guide adaptive management and otherwise inform decision-making.
Education, Outreach and Enforcement – Increase public knowledge of wildlife conservation issues to develop an understanding of habitats, SGCN, and conservation issues and actions; foster a sense of responsibility for personal choices; actively engage citizens in conserving natural resources; and otherwise cultivate support for wildlife diversity conservation. Enforce regulations to promote responsible behavior in interactions with wildlife.
Education, outreach and enforcement efforts should emphasize that conserving a diversity of wildlife and habitats enhances the quality of life by supporting ecological services, supplying economic benefits, and providing recreational opportunities.
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1.2. Road Map to the Eight Elements The eight elements required in the Wildlife Action Plans are listed below along with the sections in which they are discussed.
1. Information on the distribution and abundance of species of wildlife, including low and declining populations as the State fish and wildlife agency deems appropriate, that are indicative of the diversity and health of the State’s wildlife. Section 3
2. Descriptions of locations and relative condition of key habitats and community types essential to conservation of species identified in (1). Section 4
3. Descriptions of problems which may adversely affect species identified in (1) or their habitats, and priority research and survey efforts needed to identify factors which may assist in restoration and improved conservation of these species and habitats. Section 5, Section 6
4. Descriptions of conservation actions proposed to conserve the identified species and habitats and priorities for implementing such actions. Section 5, Section 6, Section 7
5. Proposed plans for monitoring species identified in (1) and their habitats, for monitoring the effectiveness of the conservation actions proposed in (4), and for adapting these conservation actions to respond appropriately to new information or changing conditions. Section 8
6. Descriptions of procedures to review the plan at intervals not to exceed ten years. Section 9
7. Plans for coordinating the development, implementation, review, and revision of the plan with Federal, State, and local agencies and Indian tribes that manage significant land and water areas within the State or administer programs that significantly affect the conservation of identified species and habitats. Section 1.3, Section 10
8. Congress also affirmed through this legislation, that broad public participation is an essential element of developing and implementing these plans, the projects that are carried out while these plans are developed, and
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the Species in Greatest Need of Conservation that Congress has indicated such programs and projects are intended to emphasize. Section 1.3
1.3. Public Involvement, Partnerships and Coordination Development of the Delaware Wildlife Action Plan was guided by a group of “key partners” that reviewed the Species of Greatest Conservation Need, Key Wildlife Habitats, and Conservation Issues and Actions. The group consisted of representatives from the following organizations and agencies:
Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge Primehook National Wildlife Refuge US Fish and Wildlife Service, Delaware Bay Estuary Project Delaware Nature Society Delaware Wildlands The Nature Conservancy, Delaware Chapter Center for the Inland Bays Delaware Audubon Society Delmarva Ornithological Society Ducks Unlimited, Great Lakes/Atlantic Region National Wild Turkey Federation, Delaware Chapter University of Delaware, Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology Delaware State University, Agriculture and Natural Resources Department Delaware Division of Parks and Recreation Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Separate meetings were also held for several key state agencies: Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (other than the Division of Fish and Wildlife), Office of State Planning Coordination, Department of Agriculture and Department of Transportation.
Public input was obtained primarily by means of the plan website that was created on DNREC’s home page (http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/NHP/information/CWCS2.asp), which provided an opportunity for visitors to review components of the plan as they were completed, and to submit comments. The website was publicized with a display at several large wildlife-related events, and by means of nearly 1000 letters sent to stakeholder and user groups, homeowners associations, civic and service organizations, and individuals who had expressed interest.Approximately 40 comments were received through the website, and suggestions were incorporated into the Plan as appropriate.
Recommendations for continuing and expanding specific partnerships are contained within many individual Conservation Actions in Section 6. Also, see Section 10 for additional information about partnering and coordination during implementation.
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SECTION 2
Planning Context
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2. Planning Context Delaware’s Wildlife Action Plan fits into an existing framework of statewide strategies established to conserve and protect the state’s natural resources, including habitat for wildlife. These strategies focus on different approaches to conservation (e.g., land acquisition, preservation, land use, infrastructure investments, policy), but they are all coordinated and have shared mapping elements and common goals to ensure consistency in implementation.
State Strategies for Policies and Spending (1999, updated in 2004) directs where the state will most likely allocate its resources and focus state programs to address population growth and land development issues. Although decisions concerning land-use occur at the local and county level, the state can influence the way development occurs through its spending and management policies. The Strategies are based on the premise that by making wise decisions about building and managing highways, water and sewer systems, and other public facilities (commonly called "gray infrastructure"), the state can reduce the negative effects of poorly planned, unfocused growth. To implement State Strategies, Delaware’s Governor issued the Livable Delaware Agenda (Governor’s Executive Order #14) in 2001, and the General Assembly established the Livable Delaware Advisory Council (LDAC) shortly thereafter.
Among the 11 goals identified in the Strategies is to “protect important farmlands and critical natural resource areas.” To implement this goal, the LDAC established the “Green Infrastructure” subcommittee. As defined in the Governor’s Executive Order #61, Green Infrastructure, or “GI”, is “Delaware’s natural life support system of parks and preserves, woodlands and wildlife areas, wetlands and waterways, productive agricultural and forest land, greenways, cultural, historic and recreational sites and other natural areas all with conservation value.”
The GI subcommittee directed development of maps depicting Cropland Focus Areas, Forestland Focus Areas, and Natural Resources and Recreation Land Focus Areas (Appendix A). Methods used for delineating GI focus areas are described on the map in the Appendix. These maps were used to develop goals and strategies for preserving natural resource areas, recreational lands, and working lands. Among the strategies developed for GI was to incorporate the maps into the 2004 update of the State Strategies for Policies and Spending and use these maps to direct future state program investments and to guide local land use planning. GI data layers were incorporated into the spatial analysis used to build the Strategies maps, which classify land in three main categories: lands that are not available for development, lands for which state and local policies do not favor growth, and lands for which state and local policies do favor growth.
In 1990, before State Strategies was developed, the Delaware Land Protection Act (7 Del. Code, Chapter 75) established an Open Space Program in the state. The Open Space Program coordinates the acquisition of various state lands including parks, fish and wildlife areas, forests, nature preserves and cultural sites. The program is administered by Delaware’s Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control’s Division of Parks and Recreation. A 9-member Open Space Council advises the Secretary of the Department on the implementation of the program and recommends specific land purchases. Quarterly meetings are held to review properties brought before the Council by an interagency Working Group. Recommendations to
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preserve properties are based on a rating of natural, cultural, recreational and locational attributes and a consideration of land use plans and purchase options.
The Land Protection Act also authorized the development of “State Resource Area” (SRA) maps for guiding acquisition of property or rights in real property through the Open Space Program. Twenty SRAs and specific stand alone sites have been designated to date, comprising over 250,000 acres and representing 19% of Delaware’s land base. SRAs are encompassed within the GI focus areas and are comprised of existing protected state, federal, local and private conservation organization lands, in-holdings and potential additions to already protected areas.The SRA maps were created in 1990 and updated in 2006 to incorporate new information available on the location of wildlife and habitat. SRAs include some of the finest examples of Delaware’s diverse natural and cultural heritage, unspoiled wetlands, mature forests, rare plant and animal habitats, geological and archaeological sites, open space for recreation and greenway connectors.
In 1978, before the Open Space Program was established, the State of Delaware enacted the Natural Areas Preservation System (7 Del. Code, Chapter 73) for the purpose of establishing an inventory of natural areas statewide and a system of nature preserves. A “natural area” as defined by the law is an “area of land or water, or of both land and water, whether in public or private ownership, which either retains or has reestablished its natural character (although it need not be undisturbed), or has unusual flora or fauna, or has biotic, geological, scenic or archaeological features of scientific or educational value.” “Nature preserves” are natural areas that have been formally “dedicated”, or estate, interest or rights transferred, to the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, for and on behalf of the State. The state’s registry or inventory of natural areas was first created in 1978, with major updates in 1988 and minor updates since that time. The inventory is currently being updated with expected completion by December 2005. There are currently 67 natural areas identified in the state, and 19 nature dedicated nature preserves.
Regional conservation maps and strategies developed by The Nature Conservancy through ecoregional plans that encompass Delaware, and through the “Delmarva Conservation Corridor Demonstration Program” (Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002), were included in analysis identifying focus areas for Green Infrastructure natural resource preservation.
SECTION 3
Species of GreatestConservation Need
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3. Species of Greatest Conservation Need
3.1. Selection Criteria More than 1000 species of wildlife are known to presently occur in Delaware, or to have occurred here in the past. The primary repository for this information is the Delaware Natural Heritage Program, which tracks rare species distribution and abundance using the methodologies of the international network of Natural Heritage Programs. This methodology is unique in allowing for comparison of species status across all taxa, and for this reason it was chosen as the foundation for determining Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN).
Not all of Delaware’s species are currently tracked by the Natural Heritage Program due to staff and funding limitations, most notably estuarine and marine fish and invertebrates. To compensate for this, other schemes for assessing species status for particular taxa were utilized.Also, several national and regional schemes were included to broaden the ecological context for determining SGCN. Ultimately, the following schemes (in alphabetical order) were used to choose SGCN because they were developed with original methods, rather than being derived from other schemes, and because they were especially relevant to Delaware:
American Fisheries Society – Marine, Estuarine, and Diadromous Fish Stocks at Risk of Extinction in North America (Exclusive of Pacific Salmonids) Delaware legal status Delaware populations with special significance or sensitivity Federal legal status Mid-Atlantic Bird Conservation Initiative, ranks for Bird Conservation Region 30 National Marine Fisheries Service – Highly Migratory Species Fisheries Management Plans for western Atlantic stocks Natural Heritage state and global ranks Northeast Endangered Species and Wildlife Diversity Technical Committee – Wildlife Species of Regional Conservation Concern in the Northeastern United States
These were applied according to a standard set of rules based on a species’ presence, absence or priority in a particular scheme.
Other schemes were not used in the determination because they were subsumed under one of the above, they were derived from other work, or their global perspective was not relevant to Delaware:
Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission – list of managed species Audubon Watchlist BirdLife International – list of globally threatened species Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species – Appendices I, II, III International Union for the Conservation of Nature – Red List Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council – list of managed species North American Waterbird Conservation Plan – ranks for the mid-Atlantic region
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North American Waterfowl Management Plan – list of managed species for the Atlantic flywayNorthern Bobwhite Conservation Initiative Partners in Flight – ranks for Region 44 The Nature Conservancy North Atlantic Coast, Lower New England-Northern Piedmont, and Chesapeake Bay Lowlands ecoregional plans – conservation targetsU.S. Shorebird Conservation Plan – ranks for the northern Atlantic region
The list of Delaware SGCN appears in Appendix B. The report includes a header that explains the specific criteria used to derive the list and footer with a key to abbreviations. In addition to the schemes used to select SGCN (under the “Criteria” heading), the report also includes most of the schemes that were not used (under “Cross-Reference”).
In a broad sense, SGCN, as defined for this Plan, are indicative of the overall diversity and health of the State’s wildlife resources. Some may be rare or declining, others may be vital components of certain habitats, and still others may have a significant portion of their population in Delaware. The SGCN list is divided into two tiers based on the criteria shown in the report header. The tiers are defined as follows:
Tier 1 species are those that are most in need of conservation action in order to sustain or restore their populations. They are the focus of the Plan, which is based on analyzing issues that impact their populations and their habitats, and on developing conservation actions to eliminate, minimize or compensate for these issues.
Tier 2 species are also in need of conservation action, although not with the urgency of Tier 1 species. Their distribution across the landscape will help determine where conservation actions will be implemented on the ground.
Subsequent to the development of this tiered approach, it became apparent that, due to current limitations in the mapping of SGCN, the original intent for the use of tiers could not be realized in this first iteration of the Plan. Thus, for now all SGCN are treated as being in equal need of conservation. As mapping capabilities improve, it will become possible to use the tiers as first envisioned. See Section 4.2.1 for more information about mapping.
Composition of the SGCN list is based on the present state of knowledge of species distribution and abundance in Delaware. Some taxa have been thoroughly studied – birds, for instance – while others less so, such as the estuarine and marine species noted earlier. In other words, in some cases inclusion on, or exclusion from, the list may be a function of knowledge limitations rather than a reflection of the actual status of a species. As knowledge about species is constantly changing, the makeup of SGCN will change also.
One particular aspect of knowledge limitations is an artifact of a recent change in the Natural Heritage methodology for state ranking of species rarity. For administrative reasons, several previous ranks that were more descriptive of status were combined into the rank of SNA, short for “not applicable.” This perhaps unfortunate choice of terms implies that, although a species
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occurs here, it has little or no conservation value in the state. This may or may not be the case, and further review of these species is needed to evaluate the appropriateness of this new rank.For now, all species ranked SNA that meet other criteria are included as SGCN.
3.2. Abundance and Distribution The ranks assigned to species using Natural Heritage methodology are influenced by several factors, but are most often based on abundance. Therefore, the numerical state ranks in the SGCN report (Appendix B) usually indicate the abundance of species as follows (a species “occurrence” is typically a local population):
S1 = 1-5 occurrences or fewer than 1,000 individuals in the state S2 = 6-20 occurrences or 1,000-3,000 individuals in the state S3 = 21-100 occurrences or 3,000-10,000 individuals in the state S4 = more than 100 occurrences or 10,000 individuals in the state S5 = considerably more than 100 occurrences or 10,000 individuals in the state
Other sources for abundance information exist for many SGCN, but each has significant limitations in terms of quantification, limited geographical coverage, or single-taxa focus. With their statewide application and consistency across taxa, heritage ranks remain the best gauge of statewide species abundance from a conservation standpoint.
Information on the distribution of many SGCN also resides in the Natural Heritage Program’s database. However, the software application that was used to manage the data until recently could represent SGCN locations only as points. Such data has very limited value for comprehensive wildlife conservation planning. A new application that was installed in 2004 incorporates GIS to allow the true spatial extent of distribution – based on occupied habitat – to be represented. Re-mapping of points to show actual spatial extent is a time-consuming process, though, and only a small portion of the records have been re-mapped to date.
In lieu of being able to directly map the distribution of most SGCN, species-habitat associations (Appendix C) were developed for use with habitat maps in order to show generalized potential distribution. Habitats are organized hierarchically, allowing association with varying levels of habitat detail. Note that some SGCN can be associated only with very broad habitat levels at this time. See Section 4.2.1 for more information about habitat mapping.
As with the SGCN list, species abundance and distribution information is a reflection of current knowledge. State heritage ranks are periodically updated in light of new field work showing changes in abundance. Significant portions of the State have not been systematically surveyed for rare species, so that the distribution of many SGCN is not well established. Also, continued re-mapping of point data will provide an increasingly accurate picture of distribution.
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SECTION 4
Key Wildlife Habitats
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4. Key Wildlife Habitats
4.1. Ecological Framework The Natural Communities of Delaware, developed in 2000, served as the starting point for establishing a wildlife habitat classification. Although the vegetation communities described in that document do not always correspond directly to wildlife “habitats” in the classic sense, they are an acceptable substitute pending the creation of a more appropriate classification.
Since The Natural Communities of Delaware is based on the National Vegetation Classification System, it does not include aquatic habitats, which are best described by their physical characteristics. These were added, as were early successional habitats and several anthropogenic habitats. Although the community classification contains some groupings of similar types, further grouping was added to provide a more complete hierarchy of increasingly detailed habitat levels. The resulting Wildlife Habitat Classification appears in Figure 1, following page 4-2.
In the absence of maps for most SGCN (see discussion in Section 3.2), surrogates for Key Wildlife Habitats were developed from two sources. Habitats of Conservation Concern are highlighted in yellow in the Classification. These habitats are rare, have special significance in Delaware, are particularly sensitive to disturbance, and/or have a high diversity of rare plants.Because of these factors, they are known – or expected – to harbor SGCN, especially insects that are often dependent on specific host plants.
Large blocks of unfragmented forests and wetlands were also considered to be Key Wildlife Habitats because of their importance to area-sensitive species, particularly vertebrates. A minimum size of 250 acres was used for selecting these blocks. This patch size conserves viable populations of at least 80% of forest interior-dwelling bird species, based on work done in similar habitats in Maryland. The same threshold was set for wetland blocks, following the methodology used for the Delmarva Conservation Corridor Demonstration Program.
Thus, Key Wildlife Habitats in total consist of SGCN Occurrences (where spatial extent has been mapped), Habitats of Conservation Concern, and Forest Blocks and Wetland Blocks.
Again, lack of knowledge about some Delaware wildlife habitats has influenced the structure of the classification. In particular, aquatic communities have not been well studied, and the very simple characterization of them in the classification needs considerable work. Early Successional Upland Habitats are also poorly understood, and further study will probably yield more distinct types than are currently listed.
4.2. Location and Relative Condition
4.2.1. Habitat Mapping A variety of data sources were used to develop both general wildlife habitat maps – from the “red” and “blue” levels in the Classification – and the maps of Key Wildlife Habitats. In some
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cases, maps of red and blue level habitats were developed by combining several habitats from the next lowest level. In others, they were derived from parsing larger data sets, such as state maps of wetlands, forests and land use/land cover, or by intersecting these with each other or with additional data. In the end, nearly all red and blue level habitats were successfully mapped. The blue levels under Early Successional Upland Habitats were not mapped because of inconsistencies in the attributes used to distinguish them. Also, no attempt was made to map either Nearshore or Offshore Habitats because of a lack of information.
General wildlife habitats – from the red and blue levels in the Classification – are shown in Figures 2 through 9 in Appendix D.
For Key Wildlife Habitats, SGCN Occurrences and most Habitats of Conservation Concern were digitized by Natural Heritage staff based on field surveys. Twisted Sedge Sandbar was not mapped because of the transitory nature of the habitat, nor was Sea Level Fen due to concerns about vulnerability to disturbance. Spartina Low Salt Marsh was also not mapped because of the difficulty of distinguishing it in aerial photographs; however, this habitat is entirely included within the Wetland Blocks. The Forest and Wetland Blocks were extracted from the respective state maps mentioned above.
Key Wildlife Habitats are shown in Figures 10 through 17 in Appendix E.
4.2.2. Relative Condition The Natural Heritage Program tracks rare natural communities – equivalent to habitats in the context of the Plan – in much the same way it does species, including assigning ranks for conservation status. However, too few community occurrences are currently entered in the Natural Heritage database to make this information useful for directing conservation efforts.
For this first iteration of the Plan, relative condition was determined largely qualitatively, utilizing the expert opinion of biologists from the Key Conservation Partners. Quantitative data was taken into account in those few cases where it was available. Condition was based primarily on trends, with some consideration of the scope and severity of current impacts and inherent habitat resiliency (i.e., sensitivity to disturbance). Information on trends, impacts and resiliency were summarized in Present Condition ratings as follows:
Good = Currently relatively stable in quantity and quality (some fluctuation possible), with only minor historical decline in quantity and/or quality. Typically subject to minor current impacts and possessing good resiliency. Fair = Currently experiencing moderate decline in quantity and/or quality, and/or having experienced moderate historical decline in quantity and/or quality. Typically subject to moderate current impacts and/or possessing moderate resiliency. Poor = Currently experiencing major decline in quantity and/or quality, and/or having experienced major historical decline in quantity and/or quality. Typically subject to major current impacts and/or possessing poor resiliency.
Present Condition is provided for each Key Wildlife Habitat in Section 6.1.
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UPLAND HABITATS Beach and Dune Habitats
Dune Forests and Woodlands Coastal Loblolly Pine Upland Forest Pitch Pine - Heath Coastal Forest Maritime Red-cedar Woodland Pitch Pine Dune Woodland Loblolly Pine Dune Woodland
Dune Shrublands Wax-myrtle - Groundsel-tree Maritime Shrubland Bayberry - Beach Plum Maritime Shrubland Greenbrier - Poison Ivy Dune Shrubland Beach Heather Dune Shrubland
Dune Grasslands Beachgrass - Panicgrass Dune Grassland Overwash Dune Grassland Beach Foredune
Unvegetated Sandy Beach Upland Forests
Piedmont Upland Forests Piedmont Oak - Beech - Mountain Laurel Forest Chestnut Oak - Black Birch Forest Tuliptree Rich Wood (Piedmont variant) Mesic Piedmont Mixed Hardwood Forest
Coastal Plain Upland Forests Mesic Coastal Plain Mixed Hardwood Forest Dry Oak - Heath Forest Chestnut Oak - Hairgrass Forest Tuliptree Rich Wood (Coastal Plain variant) Mesic Coastal Plain Oak Forest Loblolly Pine - Mixed Oak Upland Forest Ancient Sand Ridge Forest Red Maple - Sweetgum Upland Forest Loblolly Pine Plantation
Early Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Early Successional Upland Habitats Shrub/Brush Early Successional Upland Habitats
OTHER HABITATS ImpoundmentsSand/Gravel Pits Structures
NON-TIDAL WETLAND HABITATS Forested Wetlands
Forested Floodplains and Riparian Swamps Piedmont Forested Floodplains and Riparian Swamps
Sycamore - Green Ash Floodplain Forest Pin Oak - Red Maple Floodplain Depression (also listed under CP Floodplains & Swamps)
Coastal Plain Forested Floodplains and Riparian Swamps Red Maple - Green Ash Floodplain Forest Black Ash Seepage Swamp Pin Oak - Red Maple Floodplain Depression (also listed under PD Floodplains & Swamps) Red Maple - Sweetgum Streamside Swamp Baldcypress - Red Maple - Swamp Black Gum Swamp
Atlantic White Cedar Non-tidal Wetlands Delmarva Atlantic White Cedar Swamp Atlantic White Cedar - Mixed Herb Bog Atlantic White Cedar Millpond Headwater Hummock and Peat Mat Woodland
Isolated Forested Wetlands Piedmont Isolated Forested Wetlands
Sweetgum - Red Maple Depression Swamp (also listed under CP Isolated Wetlands) Coastal Plain Isolated Forested Wetlands
Coastal Loblolly Pine Wetland Forest Wet Loblolly Pine Forest Sweetgum - Red Maple Depression Swamp (also listed under PD Isolated Wetlands) Pin Oak - Sedge Swamp Willow Oak - Basket Oak Swamp Loblolly Pine - Mixed Oak Wet Forest Loblolly Pine - Sweetgum - Red Maple Swamp
Non-forested Wetlands Shrub Swamps
Buttonbush Shrub Swamp Water-willow Shrub Swamp
Coastal Plain Seasonal Ponds Coastal Plain Seasonal Pond Buttonbush Communities
Buttonbush - Mannagrass - Smartweed Coastal Plain Seasonal Pond Vegetation Buttonbush - Warty Panicgrass - Eaton’s Witchgrass Coastal Plain Seasonal Pond Vegetation
Coastal Plain Seasonal Pond Herbaceous Communities Walter’s Sedge - Eaton’s Witchgrass Coastal Plain Seasonal Pond Vegetation Cape May - Delmarva Depression Meadow Three-way Sedge - Canada Rush Coastal Plain Seasonal Pond Vegetation Creeping Rush - Boltonia Coastal Plain Seasonal Pond Vegetation Maidencane Coastal Plain Seasonal Pond Vegetation Mixed Grass Depression Meadow Waterlily Deepwater Coastal Plain Seasonal Pond Vegetation
Interdunal Wetlands Cranberry Interdunal Swale Twig Rush Interdunal Swale Round-head Rush - Common Threesquare Interdunal Swale
Piedmont Stream Valley Wetlands Piedmont Streamside Seepage Wetland Forested Seepage Slope Wetland Streamside Backwater Marsh Streamside Tussock Meadow Twisted Sedge Sand Bar
Streamside Herbaceous Wetlands Bulrush Deepwater Marsh Cattail Marsh Phragmites Marsh
Peat Wetlands Virginia Chainfern Swale Mixed Herb Deep Peat Wetland
Riverine Aquatic and Submerged Vegetation Water Lily Aquatic Wetland Riverweed Rocky Bar and Shore Mixed Species Submergent Vegetation Submerged Tapegrass Community
TIDAL WETLAND HABITATS Freshwater Tidal Wetlands
Freshwater Tidal Forested Wetlands Atlantic White Cedar - Red Maple - Pumpkin Ash Freshwater Tidal Swamp
Freshwater Tidal Scrub-Shrub Wetlands Red Maple - Ash Tidal Swamp Smooth Alder - Silky Dogwood Shrub Swamp
Freshwater Tidal Marshes Wild Rice Freshwater Tidal Marsh Mixed Broadleaf Freshwater Tidal Marsh Broadleaf Pondlily Freshwater Tidal Marsh Arrow-arum - Pickerelweed Freshwater Tidal Marsh Sea Level Fen Horned Pondweed Submerged Vegetation Freshwater Intertidal Quillwort Flat Phragmites Tidal Marsh
Saltwater and Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low Marshes
Salt Panne (also listed under High Tidal Marsh) Spartina Low Salt Marsh Needlerush Salt Marsh (also listed under High Tidal Marsh) Smooth Cordgrass - Lilaeopsis Brackish Marsh Giant Cordgrass Tidal Marsh (also listed under High Tidal Marsh) Smooth Cordgrass - Water Hemp Tidal Marsh Water-hemp Brackish Marsh Cattail - Rosemallow Brackish Marsh (also listed under High Tidal Marsh) Submerged Widgeon Grass Community Unvegetated Intertidal Mudflat
Tidal High Marshes Salt Shrub Salt Panne (also listed under Low Tidal Marsh) Beaked Spikerush Brackish Tidal Marsh Needlerush Salt Marsh (also listed under Low Tidal Marsh) Spartina High Salt Marsh Common Threesquare Tidal Marsh Giant Cordgrass Tidal Marsh (also listed under Low Tidal Marsh) Switchgrass Tidal Marsh Cattail - Rosemallow Brackish Marsh (also listed under Low Tidal Marsh) Bishop-weed - Mixed Species Brackish Marsh
FRESHWATER AQUATIC HABITATS Piedmont Streams Coastal Plain Streams
Non-tidal Coastal Plain Streams Tidal Coastal Plain Streams
Pond, Lake and Reservoir
BRACKISH AND MARINE AQUATIC HABITATS Nearshore Habitats
Nearshore Open Water Oyster Reef Tubeworm Reef Clam Bed Mussel Bed Sand Bar/Sand Flat
Offshore Habitats
Note
Habitats of Conservation Concern are highlighted in yellow.
SECTION 5
Determining ConservationIssues and Actions
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5. Determining Conservation Issues and Actions
Conservation Issues, sometimes known as “threats” or “stresses,” are human actions that adversely impact wildlife, native plants and natural communities, and the ecological processes that sustain them. Conservation Actions are the measures taken to eliminate or minimize these impacts, or to mitigate their effects. For this Plan, determination of Conservation Issues and Actions began with the preparation of standardized “taxonomies” for organizing information. Taxonomies developed by the Conservation Measures Partnership were modified to better reflect circumstances in Delaware. The initial list of issues and actions was then derived from a review of existing state, regional and national plans for relevant items:
American Fisheries Society – Marine Stock Criteria and Policy 31b-Management of Sharks and Their Relatives Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission – Fishery Management Plans Bat Conservation International – Bats in Eastern Woodlands Delaware Green Infrastructure Initiative Delaware National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2004-2009 Defenders of Wildlife – Second Nature: Improving Transportation Without Putting Nature Second and Voluntary Conservation Tools and Programs Delaware Invasive Species Management Plan DNREC – Pea Patch Island Special Area Management Plan Environmental Law Institute – Protecting Delaware's Nature Heritage: Tools for Biodiversity Conservation, Protecting Delaware's Forests for Biodiversity, and Innovative State Strategies for Biodiversity Conservation Mid-Atlantic Bird Conservation Initiative – BCR 30 Plan Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council – Fishery Management Plans National Audubon Society – Important Bird Areas Program National Marine Fisheries Service – Highly Migratory Species Fisheries Management Plans National Wildlife Federation – Endangered by Sprawl North American Bat Conservation Partnership – State Planning Guide for Bats North American Waterbird Conservation Plan North American Waterfowl Management Plan Northeast Endangered Species and Wildlife Diversity Technical Committee – Wildlife Species of Regional Conservation Concern in the Northeastern United States Partners for Amphibian and Reptile Conservation, Northeast Working Group – Habitat Management Guidelines Northern Bobwhite Conservation Initiative Our Natural Legacy – Delaware's Biodiversity Conservation Partnership Partners in Flight – MidAtlantic Coastal Plain, MidAtlantic Piedmont, and North American Landbird Conservation Plans The Nature Conservancy – North Atlantic Coast, Lower New England-Northern Piedmont, and Chesapeake Bay Lowlands Ecoregion Plans, and Blackbird-Millington Corridor Conservation Area Plan
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U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy – "Oceans Report" U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service – Chesapeake Bay Nutria Control program, Draft Environmental Impact Statements for light goose and resident Canada goose management, and Endangered Species recovery plans U.S. Shorebird Conservation Plan Virginia Department of Environmental Quality – Neotropical Migratory Songbird Coastal Corridor Study
A few additional issues and actions were developed as needed.
5.1. Issues The final suite of Conservation Issues for Delaware wildlife is grouped into the following general categories:
Habitat Loss or Fragmentation Residential and Commercial Development Practices Agricultural and Forestry Operations Shoreline Protection Practices Industrial Operations Transportation and Utility Operations and Maintenance Invasive Species, Nuisance Animals and Wildlife Diseases Water Use Solid Waste Disposal Changes in Fire Regimes Climate Change Energy Production Recreational Activities Airport Operations Wildlife Harvesting Resource Management Resource Protection Information Management Monitoring and Adaptive Management Division Operations Private Lands Conservation Natural Resource Management Planning Education and Outreach Nuisance Wildlife Management
While virtually all specific Conservation Issues had their origins in the plans mentioned above, most of them were somewhat modified to make them applicable to particular circumstances in Delaware. These specific issues, arranged by category, are described in the tables below.
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5.1.1. Issues Impacting Key Habitats and SGCN Habitat Loss or Fragmentation (impacts from the actual footprints of structures, facilities and land uses; off-site impacts are covered in other issues)Residential and Commercial Structures
Conversion of forests, early successional habitats and wetlands, destruction of buffers, and increased edge effects. Residential and commercial development pressure is probably the most significant issue facing wildlife habitats in Delaware. Long confined mainly to the northern part of the state and the vicinity of a few cities and towns, it has now spread throughout the state. It is perhaps most intense in southern New Castle County, central Kent County, and eastern Sussex County. Types of impacts vary among habitats, with loss and fragmentation most significant in uplands and non-tidal wetlands, and degradation from buffer loss most significant in tidal wetlands. However, there is some incremental loss of tidal wetlands through permitted activities, the cumulative impact of which has not been assessed. See Figure 18 for a view of developed and developing areas vs. Key Wildlife Habitats.
Farmland Conversion of forests, early successional habitats and wetlands, destruction of buffers, and increased edge effects. Large-scale conversion to agriculture is no longer occurring in Delaware, and, in fact, farmland is being lost to residential and commercial development. Changes in the type of agriculture – such as the construction of poultry houses – may result in some loss and fragmentation of upland habitats. However, escalating economic pressures steadily increase the intensity of crop farming, meaning that more stream and wetland buffers are cleared for crops, resulting in degradation of those habitats.
Industrial Facilities (includes all types of manufacturing, warehousing and quarrying) Conversion of forests, early successional habitats and wetlands, loss of buffers, and increased edge effects. Habitat loss and fragmentation effects from industrial development are similar to residential and commercial development; however, impacts from construction and expansion of industrial facilities are not as widespread and are primarily directed toward growth areas rather than undeveloped areas distant from supporting infrastructure. Delaware’s Coastal Zone Act of 1971 (7 Del. Code, Chapter 70) has helped to limit the spread of industrial facilities along the Delaware River and Bay.
Transportation Infrastructure Conversion of forests, early successional habitats and wetlands, destruction of buffers, and increased edge effects. Impacts include those from the initial construction of roadways, bridges, culverts and other infrastructure, as well as from ongoing maintenance and repair. Fragmentation impacts from roads are especially widespread for some taxa, where even narrow secondary roads may present formidable barriers to insects and small vertebrates. Delaware’s rapid growth forces a seemingly endless cycle of road projects of all sizes, including rerouting of major highways, expansion of many secondary roads, and frequent replacement of culverts and bridges.
Utility Corridors Conversion of forests, early successional habitats and wetlands, destruction of buffers, and increased edge effects. With increased development and population growth, there has been a concurrent increase in demand for power, overloading existing capacity and causing power outages and imposed rolling blackouts. As a result, major utility corridors are created or expanded – lengthen and widened – to increase capacity for power delivery. Construction and maintenance of major regional corridors and smaller local corridors can exacerbate habitat loss and fragmentation. Though utility corridors have the potential to provide early successional habitat timing and methods of maintenance can effectively decrease habitat suitability.
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Habitat Loss or Fragmentation (impacts from the actual footprints of structures, facilities and land uses; off-site impacts are covered in other issues)Dredge Spoil Disposal
Conversion of forests, early successional habitats and wetlands, and degradation of beaches and Subaqueous lands. Large-scale dredging projects (e.g., Delaware Bay main channel) generate massive volumes of spoil, for which there may be insufficient existing disposal-site capacity. New disposal sites would need to be identified on land and in water, potentially smothering or converting upland, wetland and/or subaqueous lands, or causing habitat degradation if sediment quality is poor and/or contaminated with toxins.
Dams Fragmentation of streams. Stream habitats are effectively fragmented when migration and movement of aquatic species past a barrier is prevented. Barriers may consist of dams, weirs and other water control structures, as well as stream crossings for roads and underground utilities.
Landfill Facilities Conversion of forests, early successional habitats and wetlands, destruction of buffers, and increased edge effects. With increased development and population growth, there is an increasing need for landfill capacity, either through expansion of existing facilities or construction of new landfills. Landfills are often sited away from developed areas due to offensive odors, noise and high volume truck traffic. Forested areas may be preferred because they screen landfill operations from view and provide a noise buffer. Capped landfills may provide early successional habitat because trees often cannot be planted if roots can penetrate the cap.
Wind Farm Facilities Conversion of forests, early successional habitats and nearshore habitats. Impacts to terrestrial habitats result from construction of towers and related infrastructure, while impacts to nearshore habitats result from tower footings and cables fragment habitat and displace benthic organisms. Wind farms have been proposed for sites as far flung as Piedmont ridges in New Castle County, Coastal Plain flats in Kent County, and off Sussex County in both the Delaware Bay and Atlantic Ocean.
Residential and Commercial Development Practices Altered Hydrology
Degradation of streams and wetlands from hydrologic changes caused by runoff from impervious surfaces (other issues for roads are under Transportation and Utility Operations and Maintenance). In addition to increasing the size and frequency of high stream flows during storm events, impervious surfaces often decrease base flows by inhibiting recharge of groundwater. In severe cases, this may result in headwater streams changing from permanent to intermittent flow regimes. Major impacts exist in heavily developed northern Delaware, and are increasing in many other parts of the state. Even “relatively” undeveloped areas, such as the Blackbird-Millington Corridor, are approaching the 10% impervious surface threshold at which effects become noticeable.
Nutrients and Sediments (includes nutrients from fertilizers; nutrients from sewage and septic systems are covered in Industrial Development and Operations under Routine Sewage Discharges)
Degradation of streams, wetlands and nearshore habitats from excessive nutrients and sediments. Sedimentation from land-clearing activities reduces sunlight penetration, raises water temperature, decreases the dissolved oxygen level, and alters substrate composition. In the short term, nutrient enrichment from lawn fertilizers causes algal blooms that may seriously deplete dissolved oxygen levels. Over time, nutrient enrichment may cause subtle but important changes in natural community structure and function.
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Residential and Commercial Development Practices Pesticides
Lethal or sub-lethal effects of residential pesticides on aquatic and wetland species. In general, pesticides are applied at even higher rates to residential land than to agricultural land, and they are frequently detected in surface water and groundwater at levels that are injurious to aquatic organisms. This issue has not been well studied in Delaware, where the focus has been on agricultural pesticides.
Outdoor Lighting Mortality or disturbance of sphinx moths and waterbirds from outdoor lighting. Sphinx moths are strongly attracted to artificial lights, where they may become disoriented and are less able to evade predation by bats. Many waterbirds – especially young – are attracted to outdoor lights in coastal developments and on boats, ships and structures near shore, where they become disoriented and may be killed from collisions. Also, increased predation of these birds by gulls has been observed in the presence of outdoor lighting.
BuildingsMortality of migratory birds from collisions with buildings. Since the widespread construction of curtain glass office buildings beginning in the 1960s, window collisions have become a major source of mortality for birds. Songbirds are most often involved, and mortality is substantially greater at night when buildings are lit, and in conditions of fog, mist or low cloud cover. Some impacts have been noted at buildings in Wilmington, although the full extent of the issue has not been assessed.
Piers and Docks Degradation of beach and dune habitats and wetlands by piers and docks. Although the impacts of individual piers and docks may be minimal, the cumulative impact can be substantial.
Agricultural and Forestry Operations (includes “hobby farms” and – for land use purposes only – poultry houses and other Confined Animal Feeding Operations [CAFO]. Effluent discharges from CAFOs are covered in “Routine sewage discharges…” under Industrial Development and Operations.)Agricultural Harvesting Practices
Mortality or disturbance of box turtles, milksnakes and early successional birds from harvesting of crops during nesting season or at other critical times. Several species are known to nest in crop or hay fields, which may be harvested while these birds are on the nest. Also, box turtles sometimes nest in fields, where the adults, eggs and hatchlings may be killed during harvesting.
Livestock Grazing Degradation of upland and wetland forests from livestock grazing. Long-term grazing in forests depletes herbaceous species and shrubs, and in more severe cases may inhibit regeneration of trees.
Ditching and Draining Degradation of streams and wetlands from ditching for agricultural operations. Ditched streams are impacted by loss of aquatic and riparian vegetation, alteration of substrate composition, increased flow rates and elevated water temperatures. Adjacent wetlands are often drained because of the lower water surface elevation in ditched streams.
Altered Hydrology Degradation of streams and wetlands from hydrologic changes caused by increased runoff. Greater runoff from cropland and cleared forests boosts the size and frequency of high stream flows during storm events.
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Agricultural and Forestry Operations (includes “hobby farms” and – for land use purposes only – poultry houses and other Confined Animal Feeding Operations [CAFO]. Effluent discharges from CAFOs are covered in “Routine sewage discharges…” under Industrial Development and Operations.)Nutrients and Sediments
Degradation of streams, wetlands and nearshore habitats from excessive nutrients and sediments. Row crop agriculture produces substantial amounts of sediments, even when no-till planting is used. Sedimentation reduces sunlight penetration, raises water temperatures and alters substrate composition. In the short term, nutrient enrichment from lawn fertilizers causes algal blooms that may seriously deplete dissolved oxygen levels. Over time, nutrient enrichment may cause subtle but important changes in natural community structure and function.
Pesticides Lethal or sub-lethal effects of agricultural pesticides on early successional, aquatic and wetland species. Agricultural pesticides may directly impact some early successional birds at time of application, but more often they are found in surface water and groundwater at levels that are injurious to aquatic organisms.
Clearcutting and Other Forestry practices Loss, fragmentation or degradation of upland and wetland forests from clearcutting, selective harvest, short rotation, conversion to pine plantation and other practices. Clearcutting results in at least temporary loss of natural forest structure and function. The loss becomes essentially permanent if areas are cut on a short rotation or converted to pine plantations, which have limited value as wildlife habitat. Even with selective harvest, use of heavy equipment may destroy shrub and herbaceous vegetation, compact soil, cause erosion, or facilitate colonization by invasive plants.
Shoreline Protection PracticesJetties and Groins
Degradation of beach and dune habitats by disruption of littoral drift. By blocking longshore sand transport, jetties and groins decrease beach erosion in some areas while increasing it in others, which eventually impacts the natural formation of dunes.
Beach Renourishment Degradation of beach and nearshore habitats from sand dredging and pumping. While beach and dune habitats usually benefit from renourishment in the long term, some wildlife may experience short term negative impacts. Also, many potential source sites – sand bars and flats – are important habitats, although source area impacts are also usually short term.
Dune Construction/Stabilization Degradation of overwash habitats from dune construction, vegetation plantings and fences.Although dune construction and stabilization is often beneficial for a variety of wildlife, some species of tiger beetles and waterbirds require overwashes – unvegetated areas formed when storms breach dunes – for nesting or other life cycle stages. Constructing or stabilizing dunes causes overwashes to revegetate at an accelerated rate.
Artificial Shoreline Hardening (includes bay and ocean beaches, wetland shorelines and stream banks)
Degradation of beaches, wetlands and streams from construction of bulkheads and other structures to prevent erosion. Paradoxically, these structures often exacerbate the erosive forces of waves, tides and currents such that they are quickly undermined. Also, in streams they deflect the energy of currents rather than absoring it, which increases erosion downstream.
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Industrial Operations Air Pollution
Degradation of multiple natural habitats from air pollution. Impacts accrue to many habitats from airborne forms – e.g. ozone damage to vegetation – as well as from precipitation onto land and water, such as acidification of soils from SOx and nitrogen enrichment of water bodies from NOx.Heavy metals including mercury and persistent organic pollutants (e.g., PCBs, pesticides such as DDT, chlordane and toxaphene, and by-products such as dioxins and furans) can affect wildlife and humans through bio-accumulation, and direct poisoning through the disruption of endocrine function, organ injury, increased vulnerability to stress and disease, lower reproductive success, and death.
Accidental Spills of Toxins and Sewage Degradation of beach and dune habitats, wetlands and nearshore habitats – and wildlife mortality – from “catastrophic” releases of oil, industrial chemicals and untreated sewage. TheDelaware River and Bay are home to the fifth largest port complex in the United States in terms of total waterborne commerce. Every year, over 70 million tons of cargo move through the tri-state port complex, which includes the ports of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Camden, Gloucester City, and Salem, New Jersey; and Wilmington, Delaware. It is the second largest oil port in the United States, handling about 85% of the East Coast's oil imports. Due to this high volume of shipping, potential for catastrophic spills is high. In addition, inadequate capacity, outdated or flawed design of sewage treatment systems cause raw sewage outflow into aquatic systems degrading water quality, introducing contaminants, and creating anoxic conditions.
Chronic Water Pollution Degradation of aquatic and wetland habitats, and lethal or sub-lethal effects on aquatic and wetland species, from routine discharges and persistent leaks of sewage and toxins. Discharges and leaks may come from municipal treatment plants, industrial effluent, septic systems or Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO) such as poultry houses. In the short term, nutrient enrichment from sewage causes algal blooms, and over time may change natural community structure and function. PCBs, heavy metals, dioxin and other toxins may occasionally cause direct mortality, but more often have sub-lethal impacts on growth, reproductive physiology or behavior, especially those substances that bio-accumulate.
Impingement/Entrapment/Entrainment at Water Intakes Mortality or disturbance of estuarine fish and sea turtles from temporary or permanent capture.Cooling-water intakes at industrial sites and power-generating facilities along the Delaware River and Bay, Indian River and Inland Bays pose a potential risk to fisheries and wildlife resources.
Sediments from Sand and Gravel Quarrying Degradation of wetlands and aquatic habitats from excessive sediments. Sedimentationreduces sunlight penetration, raises water temperatures and alters substrate composition.
Transportation and Utility Operations and Maintenance Altered Hydrology
Degradation of streams and wetlands due to increased flooding from undersized culverts.Although this issue is recognized as a problem in a few areas of high conservation value like the Blackbird region, the extent of impacts to habitat are not well quantified throughout the state. Problems caused by undersized culverts are often identified only when property is damaged or roads are flooded.
Road Salt Lethal or sub-lethal effects of road salt on aquatic species. Road salt can affect soil and water chemistry, vegetation composition and may cause direct mortality of vertebrates and invertebrates. However, Delaware receives less than 20 inches of snowfall annually, thus road salt application is relatively infrequent. Nonetheless, when snowfall averages higher than normal statewide or in localized areas, the effects of road salt on key habitats and species can be detrimental.
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Transportation and Utility Operations and Maintenance Vehicles
Mortality of salamanders and reptiles from collisions with vehicles. Virtually every taxonomic group of wildlife is vulnerable to road mortality in Delaware. With more than 12,000 lane-miles of roads and an increasing capacity for traffic through road widening and other improvements, the risk of mortality will likely increase. Mortality can be clustered where vegetation is close to the road or where roads bisect breeding habitat.
Commercial Ships and Boats (includes cargo vessels of all types and commercial fishing boats)Degradation of streams and wetlands due to increased erosion from wakes, and mortality of estuarine fish, sea turtles and marine mammals from collisions. Significant wake impacts are obvious in the Nanticoke River, but may occur elsewhere. Collision-related mortality is noted in the few carcasses that surface or wash ashore, but the full extent of the issue may be much greater.
Communications Towers and High-Tension Electric Lines Mortality of waterfowl, raptors, migratory birds and bats from collisions with towers and lines.Collisions with tall towers, whether for radio, television, cellular or (formerly) telephone, may kill hundreds of birds in a single night, especially under conditions of fog, mist or low cloud cover. The degree of impacts depends on geographic location and topographic position. Raptors are especially vulnerable to electrocution from high-tension lines.
Channel Dredging Degradation of streams and nearshore habitats from dredging of shipping channels. Potential impacts from dredging operations include sedimentation, re-suspension of toxic pollutants, damage to spawning or nursery habitats, direct mortality associated with dredging equipment, and altered hydrology.
Invasive Species, Nuisance Animals and Wildlife Diseases White-tailed Deer
Degradation of dune shrublands and upland and wetland forests from excessive herbivory.Intense browsing depletes – or even eliminates – herbaceous species and shrubs, and in severe cases may prevent regeneration of forest canopy and understory trees. Also, deer may exacerbate impacts of invasive plants by browsing preferentially on native species.
Nutria Degradation of tidal wetlands from excessive herbivory. Impacts have been minimal to date, but enormous damage has occurred nearby in Maryland. Nutria have begun colonizing Delaware relatively recently, so impacts may increase substantially.
Gypsy Moth Degradation of upland and wetland forests from excessive herbivory. Impacts to forests in Delaware have been minimal to date, but the potential exists for major problems as experienced by some surrounding states.
Snow Goose and Resident Canada Goose Degradation of tidal wetlands, streams, ponds and impoundments from excessive herbivory and nutrification. Impacts to wetlands and aquatic habitats from burgeoning populations have become so pervasive that the USFWS is proposing to substantially liberalize regulations for managing both species.
Mute Swan Degradation of wetlands from excessive herbivory and disturbance of wildlife by aggressive behavior. Minimal impacts to aquatic vegetation and nesting waterfowl and waterbirds have been recorded in Delaware so far, but significant impacts have occurred nearby in Maryland.
Green Crab and Japanese Shore Crab Degradation of nearshore habitats from predation of clams and mussels. Although both crabs are present in Delaware, impacts have not yet been detected. However, clam and mussel beds in New England have been decimated by these species.
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
9/27/2006 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife 5-9
Invasive Species, Nuisance Animals and Wildlife Diseases Control of Mosquitoes and Forest Pests by Aerial Application of Pesticides
Mortality of non-target forest insects and reduction in the prey base for insectivorous forest birds, small mammals and bats. Non-target insects are susceptible to both biological and chemical larvicides and adulticides, depending on insect growth stage and pesticide type. This may impact wildlife either through direct mortality or by reducing the number and type of prey available to insectivorous species.
Control of Mosquitoes with Open Marsh Water Management and Impoundment Management Degradation of tidal high marshes from changes to marsh surface water patterns, and to impoundments from manipulation of water levels. These practices have positive benefits related to mosquito control and reduction in pesticide use; however, impacts to high saltmarsh communities, as a result of altered flooding frequency, and associated SGCN including black rail require further evaluation to ensure unique natural communities and associated SGCN are not adversely affected by these practices.
Pets and Subsidized Predators (animals whose populations have increased due to food and shelter provided directly or indirectly by humans; includes native species and feral pets)
Mortality or disturbance of turtles, shorebirds, waterbirds and ground-nesting birds and bats from dogs, cats, raccoons, foxes, gulls, crows and others. Increased development, population growth, habitat fragmentation and edge effects benefit some native wild animals resulting in increasing populations that may prey upon or compete with SGCN for resources. Increasing trends in maintaining feral cat “colonies” and inappropriate or illegal release of exotic pets (e.g., snakes, turtles) in natural areas introduce sources of predation, potential for disease transmission and competition for food and other resources needed by native species.
Asiatic Clam Mortality of freshwater mussels from competition for space and food. In some streams, populations of Asiatic clams are so high that they monopolize the substrate and filter out a substantial portion of the plankton that also serves as a food source for freshwater mussels.
European Starling Mortality or disturbance of cavity-nesting birds from competition for nest cavities. Delaware’s fragmented habitats and agricultural landscape provide ideal habitat conditions for European starlings. Breeding bird surveys in Delaware estimate a minimum of 30,000 pairs of starlings in the state. Birds that nest in open or edge habitats, including the red-headed woodpecker and eastern bluebird, are particularly susceptible to competition for nest sites.
Invasive Earthworms Degradation of forests from depletion of the soil organic layer. Earthworm impacts are not known in Delaware. However, significant impacts have been noted in nearby Pennsylvania and through the northeast and Midwest.
Infectious Diseases Mortality of waterfowl and shorebirds from botulism, oysters from Dermo and MSX, raptors from West Nile virus, and others from emerging diseases. Delaware hosts significant concentrations of migratory shorebirds and waterfowl, with significant proportions of some species’ populations using Delaware Bay as a stopover site. High densities of birds increase the risk of disease transmission, and long-distance migrants can transport disease organisms globally.
Invasive Plants Degradation of multiple natural habitats. A wide variety of invasive grasses, forbs, shrubs, trees and vines proliferate in virtually all habitats. Impacts range from depletion of native plants to changes in habitat structure and function.
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
5-10 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife 9/27/2006
Water Use Dam Operations
Degradation of streams and wetlands. Water impounded upstream of dams degrades pre-existing stream and wetland habitats, and water releases from dams can alter the hydrology of downstream habitats and increase sedimentation.
Dam Removal Degradation of streams and wetlands from release of sediments. Sediments that accumulate behind dams are released upon removal of the structure, leading to downstream siltation, nutrient enrichment and possibly pollution by toxins.
Groundwater Withdrawals Degradation of wetlands and streams from lowering of the water table. Excessive withdrawals for drinking water, irrigation and industrial processes reduce base flows of streams and dewater groundwater-fed wetlands. Excessive withdrawals over an extended period may eventually cause saltwater intrusion into aquifers in coastal areas.
Surface Water Withdrawals Degradation of wetlands and streams from decreased stream flows. Excessive withdrawals for drinking water, irrigation and industrial processes during dry periods may drop stream flows below the minimum required to sustain aquatic organisms. This in turn may dewater adjacent surface water-fed wetlands.
Solid Waste Disposal Trash Ingestion
Mortality of aquatic life from ingestion of trash. Careless or intentional trash disposal in and near aquatic, especially marine, habitats pose a risk to sea turtles, marine mammals and birds that may accidentally ingest or become entangled in the debris. Helium balloons, plastic bags, 6-pack rings and pelletized plastic persist in the environment and continue to cause problems for aquatic wildlife.
Beach Cleanup Activities (raking, events)Degradation of beach and dune habitats and mortality or disturbance of shorebirds and waterbirds from regular or episodic mechanical or manual cleanup. Equipment used to remove debris (natural or unnatural) from sandy beaches can cause disturbance to migratory or resident nesting birds. Compaction of sand and removal of wrack vegetation by heavy equipment can cause a reduction in food for birds, invertebrates, and other animals in foredune and beach habitats. Seeds trapped in the wrack line and sand may also be removed thus changing vegetation patterns in these habitats as well.
Changes in Fire Regimes Fire Suppression
Degradation of early successional habitats and forests from suppression of regular fires. Early successional habitats require frequent “disturbance” – historically provided by wildfires and intentional burning by Native Americans – to prevent them from reverting to forests. Also, most upland forests in Delaware depend on regular, although less frequent, fire to maintain the dominance of oak species. Fire suppression practices that stem from public safety concerns, and from misunderstandings about the role of fire in natural systems, cause the degradation of both of these habitat types.
Firefighting Practices Degradation of forests, early successional habitats and wetlands from efforts to control unplanned fires. Clearing of firebreaks and other uses of heavy equipment for controlling wildfires may cause structural and functional changes to habitats from soil compaction or erosion and loss of vegetation.
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
9/27/2006 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife 5-11
Climate Change Sea Level Rise
Degradation of beaches and dunes, tidal wetlands and coastal forests from inundation. Estimates of sea-level rise along the U.S. coastline over the next century range from inches to several feet. Hardening of the shoreline and construction along beaches and marsh fringes allow little room for natural landward migration of these habitats.
Energy Production Wind Farm Towers
Mortality of waterfowl, raptors, shorebirds, waterbirds, migratory songbirds and bats from collisions with tower blades and masts. Demands for alternative renewable energy sources have lead to an increased interest in developing wind farms in Delaware. Placement of wind farms in areas used regularly by large numbers of migratory birds and bats, including the Delaware Bay, nearshore Atlantic Ocean, coastal terrestrial habitats increases the risk of mass mortality.
Tidal Turbines Mortality of estuarine and marine fish and sea turtles from collisions with turbine blades. As with wind power, interest in harnessing strong tidal currents as a renewable energy source has lead to consideration of placing tidal turbines in Indian River Inlet. However, impacts on local fisheries, including SGCN, are not clearly understood.
Thermal Pollution from Power Plants Degradation of nearshore open water habitat from discharge of heated effluent. Large inputs of heated water can have harmful effects on aquatic life by causing sharp changes in water temperature, particularly when volumes of effluent fluctuate over short periods. Warmer temperatures lower dissolved oxygen in the water, increase respiration rates of organisms, and increases fish and wildlife susceptibility to disease, parasites, and toxic chemicals. Discharge of heated water into shallow areas near the shore may impact spawning and kill young fish.
Recreational Activities Recreational Use on Foot
Degradation of beach and dune habitats and mortality or disturbance of shorebirds and waterbirds from beach users, birders, fishers, and others on foot. Increased participation in hiking, birding, fishing, and walking brings people into sensitive natural areas. Areas without designated or well marked trails or access points expose resources to increased levels of disturbance and degradation.
Pleasure Boats and Personal Watercraft Degradation of tidal marshes and streams from pollution and wakes, mortality of estuarine fish, sea turtles and terrapins from collisions, and disturbance of shorebirds and waterbirds from harassment. Increased popularity of personal watercraft and pleasure boating has resulted in a larger number of watercraft in relatively small areas like the Inland Bays, Nanticoke River, millponds and other water bodies throughout the state. Boaters seeking less crowded areas to anchor, fish, sunbath or swim are increasingly using shallow water areas and marsh islands for recreational use, potentially causing increases in turbidity, bottom scouring, pollution, and disturbance to wildlife.
Off-Road Vehicles Degradation of forests and early successional habitats from erosion, and disturbance of tiger beetles, shorebirds and waterbirds, from legal and illegal use. Legal and illegal use of off road vehicles causes compaction of soils, destruction of vegetation, disturbance to and direct mortality of wildlife, and increases in air and noise pollution.
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
5-12 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife 9/27/2006
Airport Operations Overflights
Disturbance of waterfowl, shorebirds and waterbirds from aircraft overflights. Aircraft from Dover Air Force Base and other regional military facilities, planes towing advertising banners, aerobatic planes and helicopters often fly at low altitudes over beaches, marshes and coastal impoundments causing large flocks of birds to flush repeatedly, particularly during critical migratory period.
Bird Strike Hazard Management Degradation of early successional habitats from frequent mowing. Collisions between birds and planes can result in costly damage to aircraft and loss of human life. As a result, airports manage vegetation around runways to limit bird populations to the greatest extent possible (including mowing throughout breeding and migration).
Wildlife Harvesting Inappropriate Hunting and Fishing
Mortality of game species and sportfish from illegal or inadequately managed harvest. Poaching, insufficient enforcement and setting harvest levels with inadequate data on population dynamics increases the risk of serious decline, and local or regional species extirpation.
Inappropriate Collection for the Pet Trade or for Bait Mortality of fish, amphibians and reptiles from illegal or inadequately managed collection.Poaching, insufficient enforcement and setting harvest levels with inadequate data on population dynamics increases the risk of serious decline, and local or regional species extirpation.
Lead Shot Ingestion Mortality of waterfowl, raptors and early successional birds from primary or secondary ingestion of shot. Although it is illegal to use lead shot while hunting waterfowl, small-sized lead shot may be used for upland game. Spent lead shot can accumulate in soils and vegetation and may be ingested by upland birds causing poisoning or death. Secondary poisoning of raptors or others predators may result from feeding on birds containing lead shot.
Commercial Shellfish Dredging Degradation of nearshore habitats from dredging gear. Substantial impacts to the structure of oyster reefs, clam beds, and sand bars and flats can occur from repeated dredging.
Fishing Gear Entanglement Mortality of estuarine fish, sea turtles and osprey from lost or discarded nets, lines and traps.Impacts from commercial and recreational fishing gear (including pot gear, gill nets and hook and line fisheries) operating in Delaware waters are not well documented due to lack of monitoring, coordination, under-reporting, or the absence of reporting requirements.
Fisheries Bycatch Mortality of estuarine and marine fish, sea turtles and terrapins from unintended capture by fishing gear. ‘Bycatch’ is discarded or retained incidental catch due to a direct encounter with fishing gear. In general, bycatch impacts to non-target species are not well documented, except for diamondback terrapin, due to lack of monitoring, under-reporting or the absence of reporting requirements.
Nuisance Wildlife Management Mortality of snakes and bats as a result of nuisance control. Among wildlife that are considered “pests” by the general public, there are many native species that are harmless and / or beneficial. Because of the sense of fear they instill, large numbers of snakes, bats and other native wildlife are destroyed by homeowners and business owners.
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
9/27/2006 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife 5-13
Resource Management Habitat/Wildlife Management
Degradation of early successional habitats, forests, freshwater and tidal marshes, streams and impoundments from manipulations to benefit particular habitats or species. Active management of habitats or wildlife invariably leads to trade-offs among the particular needs of different resources. The potential for conflict is greatest when conducting single-species management, such as for game animals, sport fish or endangered species, although it can never be entirely avoided even when managing for broad habitat types on a landscape level. Historically, most management in Delaware has focused on individual species that are hunted and fished, and the impacts of this on key habitats and SGCN has not been assessed.
Facility and Program Operations Degradation of early successional habitats, upland forests, tidal marshes, streams and impoundments, and disturbance of wildlife, from facilities and operations unrelated to habitat/wildlife management. Public lands are managed for a variety of purposes, and therefore are subject to impacts from uses that are incompatible with conservation of key habitats and SGCN. Most prominent among these are visitors centers, active recreation facilities, roads, trails and related amenities.
5.1.2. Issues Affecting Institutional Capacity Resource Protection Funding for open space acquisition to protect key habitats and SGCN
State planning staff has estimated that the total cost for permanently protecting the recommended 258,000 acres of “green infrastructure” – natural resources, recreational lands and working lands that contain the majority of key habitats and SGCN – is $554 million. Currently, the Open Space Program for acquisition is funded at $9 million/year for 17 years. At this rate of funding, the targeted acreage will never be reached because of the rapid pace of land development.
Enforcement capacity Additional enforcement capacity is needed to focus on specific areas where SGCN and key habitats are especially vulnerable to disturbance, and to address general collection, possession and sale of native wildlife species.
Information Management Information management for SGCN, key habitat, conservation issue and conservation action data to support adaptive management
The state currently lacks a comprehensive spatial and tabular data management system for all wildlife, habitat, issue and action data and information. In addition, resources are lacking to ensure such a system is readily available to land managers, planners, and other decision makers, both within the state government and among conservation partners.
Monitoring and Adaptive Management Monitoring of SGCN, key habitats, impacts from conservation issues and outcomes of conservation actions
Existing monitoring protocols and procedures are often limited to game animals, sportfish, endangered species and a few SGCN, and yet even these efforts are not adequate, primarily due to lack of staff and funding. Monitoring of key habitats is also limited, and the impacts of only a few conservation issues are monitored. Some “direct threat” issues, like pollution from point source wastewater discharges, are monitored extensively, but many others are not monitored at all. There is also limited monitoring of the results of species and habitat management and other conservation actions.
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
5-14 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife 9/27/2006
Monitoring and Adaptive Management Quantitative measures of success for assessing DEWAP implementation
Most existing measures of success consist of population targets or “bag limits” for harvested species, such as waterfowl and sportfish. No measures exist for the great majority of species and for virtually all habitats. Measures must also be developed to gauge the success of DEWAP implementation itself in order to maximize accountability.
Adaptive management framework for modifying conservation actions Although sometimes practiced informally, there is no systematic employment of adaptive management to improve the results obtained from conservation actions. A formal approach to adaptive management is critical to taking maximum advantage of limited staff, time and funding to achieve conservation goals.
Division Operations DFW funding, staffing, administrative structure and/or procedures for DEWAP implementation
Historically, fish and wildlife agencies were established primarily to address conservation and management of harvested species, and agency structure typically reflects an administrative configuration that addresses “game” and “nongame” issues separately. As described in this plan, there is increasing overlap of conservation issues affecting both aquatic and terrestrial harvested and non-harvested species. Greater coordination among staff, programs, projects, and information management is necessary to fully and successfully implement DEWAP.
Private Lands Conservation Incentives for landowners
Although new programs like the Landowner Incentive Program and Farm Bill programs are providing funding to work with private landowners on wildlife restoration and enhancement projects, more flexibility and additional options for program application are needed to entice landowners to participate.
Coordination among private lands conservation programs With increasing funds available for private lands conservation, and a variety of agencies and organizations implementing private lands programs, there is a need to improve communication and coordination to ensure appropriate activities are recommended to landowners, funding is efficiently and effectively invested, and landowner confusion is avoided.
Natural Resource Management Planning Baseline information
Despite considerable work with many rare species and most harvested species, much remains to be learned about the status and distribution of Delaware’s wildlife. Certain groups of species and many key habitats remain poorly understood, which hampers efforts to plan for comprehensive conservation.
Conservation planning process DEWAP represents a major milestone in Delaware’s comprehensive planning for wildlife diversity. However, much work remains to refine this plan, and the state still lacks a coordinated, standardized process for strategic planning – prioritizing the conservation actions in DEWAP; “stepping down” the broader plan to species, habitat and managed area plans; and allocating staff, funding and other logistical resources to the highest priorities. This process is essential to ensure the long-term success of wildlife diversity conservation in Delaware.
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
9/27/2006 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife 5-15
Education and Outreach Training, education and outreach programs
Division program topics are currently limited in scope and audiences targeted, including hunter education, boating safety, fishing programs and aquatic resource education. Although all of these programs are beneficial and necessary, additional training, education and outreach is needed for a broad audience of professionals (state and local governments, private business community), schools, and the general public on key habitat ecology, SGCN biology, and conservation issues and actions.
Nuisance Wildlife Management Dedicated response staff
The Division does not currently have the capacity to respond to complaints about nuisance wildlife, real or perceived, by the public. As development continues to increase and loss of habitat displaces a variety of native wildlife, the general public is coming into closer proximity with injurious and injured wildlife as well as harmless wildlife in and around their homes, businesses and communities. A structured system for responding to the publics’ concerns can help identify and address issues related to SGCN and habitat as well as educate the public on how to co-exist with wildlife thus reducing some types of complaints over time.
5.2. ActionsConservation Actions to address these issues can be grouped as follows (note that this grouping was used only for generating a list of actions, not for the format of the Plan, which is organized according to issues rather than actions):
Land and Water Protection Publicly-Owned Protected Areas Privately-Owned Protected Areas Easements
Land, Water and Species Management Protected Area Management Compatible Resource Use Invasive Species Control and Prevention Habitat Restoration Natural Processes Restoration Species Restoration Ex-Situ Conservation
Law and Policy Legislation Regulations, Policies and Procedures Natural Resource Management Planning Land Use Planning and Zoning StandardsCompliance and Enforcement
Research and Monitoring Research Monitoring
Education and Outreach
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
5-16 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife 9/27/2006
Formal Education Training, Workshops, Learning Networks, etc. Lifelong Learning Awareness Raising and Communications Moral Confrontation
Economic and Other Incentives Linked Enterprises Substitution Market Forces Conservation Payments Non-Monetary Values
Capacity Building Institutional Development Alliance Development Conservation Finance
Because specific Conservation Actions are self-explanatory, they are not described here. They can be found with their corresponding issues in Section 6.
SECTION 6
Conservation Issuesand Actions
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
9/27/2006 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife 6-1
6. Conservation Issues and Actions Some Conservation Issues impact only one or a few key habitats, some impact a broad array of habitats, and a few are independent of habitat. In addition, there are other issues that affect key habitats or SGCN indirectly by impacting resource management capacity. This section examines Conservation Issues and Actions in those four groups: individual key habitats, multiple key habitats, habitat-independent, and institutional capacity.
6.1. Key Wildlife Habitats: Descriptions and Conservation Issues and Actions
For each key habitat, the following pages contain a brief Description, Vital Statistics, Present Condition, Habitats of Conservation Concern, Associated Species of Greatest Conservation Need, and Conservation Issues and Actions that are specific to only one or a few key habitats.Additional issues and actions that pertain to many key habitats are in Section 6.2.
Attributes of Habitats of Conservation Concern and SGCN are presented in Vital Statistics tables for each key habitat. In these tables, “Protected” is defined as GAP Stewardship Status 2 or 3, which are lands that are permanently protected from habitat conversion and managed to some extent to maintain a natural state. Section 3.2 discusses the basis for the species-habitat associations that are summarized under “SGCN Species associated with HCC” in the tables and listed in detail in Appendix C; these numbers include species with known occurrences. The number of associated species may be a more accurate representation of the importance of a habitat to SGCN than is the number of known species or occurrences, since the latter may reflect insufficient inventory. Also, the typically high percentage of known SGCN species and occurrences that are protected is a function of most inventories having been conducted on conservation lands, where landowner permission is not an issue.
See Section 4.2.2 for a description of Present Condition categories.
Assignment of Conservation Issues to individual Habitats of Conservation Concern was not practical because of insufficient knowledge of impacts at that level of detail. Instead, Habitats of Conservation Concern were rolled up into the next highest level of the Wildlife Habitat Classification, typically the “blue” level (Section 4.1), for consideration of issues.
More information about many of Delaware’s wildlife habitats and SGCN can be found in TheNatural Communities of Delaware (from which the descriptions below were largely taken), which contains detailed characterizations of Habitats of Conservation Concern. Other sources include the Whole Basin Management reports and various Natural Heritage Program reports on state wildlife areas, parks, forests and natural communities.
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la d
orsa
lis m
edia
w
hite
tige
r bee
tle
Cic
inde
la le
pida
lit
tle w
hite
tige
r bee
tle
Rep
tiles
Mal
acle
mys
terr
apin
terr
apin
N
orth
ern
diam
ondb
ack
terra
pin
Bird
s
Cha
radr
ius
mel
odus
pi
ping
plo
ver
Hae
mat
opus
pal
liatu
s A
mer
ican
oys
terc
atch
er
Are
naria
inte
rpre
s ru
ddy
turn
ston
e
Cal
idris
can
utus
re
d kn
ot
Cal
idris
alb
a sa
nder
ling
Ste
rna
hiru
ndo
com
mon
tern
Ste
rna
antil
laru
m
leas
t ter
n
Ryn
chop
s ni
ger
blac
k sk
imm
er
Cho
rdei
les
min
or
com
mon
nig
htha
wk
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-4
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Bea
ch a
nd D
une
Hab
itats
Ti
erC
lass
Sc
ient
ific
Nam
e C
omm
on N
ame
2
Inse
cts
Cic
inde
la d
orsa
lis
Eas
tern
bea
ch ti
ger b
eetle
Cic
inde
la h
irtic
ollis
be
ach-
dune
tige
r bee
tle
Mel
itara
pro
deni
alis
a
snou
t-mot
h
Dra
ster
ia g
raph
ica
atla
ntic
a A
tlant
ic g
raph
ic m
oth
Sch
inia
spi
nosa
e a
noct
uid
mot
h
Bird
s
Falc
o pe
regr
inus
pe
regr
ine
falc
on
Plu
vial
is s
quat
arol
a bl
ack-
bellie
d pl
over
Cat
optro
phor
us s
emip
alm
atus
w
illet
Cal
idris
pus
illa
sem
ipal
mat
ed s
andp
iper
Cal
idris
mar
itim
a pu
rple
san
dpip
er
Cal
idris
alp
ina
dunl
in
Laru
s m
arin
us
grea
t bla
ck-b
acke
d gu
ll
Pip
ilo e
ryth
roph
thal
mus
E
aste
rn to
whe
e
Pas
serc
ulus
san
dwic
hens
is
sava
nnah
spa
rrow
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
Bea
ch a
nd D
une
Hab
itats
Is
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al
Dev
elop
men
t Pra
ctic
es
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al S
truct
ures
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Pie
rs a
nd D
ocks
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.2
Sho
relin
e P
rote
ctio
n P
ract
ices
Lo
ss o
f Nat
ural
Bea
ch D
ynam
ics
from
Jet
ties
and
Gro
ins
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of S
oil a
nd W
ater
Con
serv
atio
n to
as
sess
and
mon
itor t
he e
nviro
nmen
tal a
nd e
cono
mic
cos
ts
and
bene
fits
of in
divi
dual
jetti
es a
nd g
roin
s, a
nd re
mov
e th
ose
that
are
inef
fect
ive
or o
bsol
ete.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
5
Bea
ch a
nd D
une
Hab
itats
Is
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of S
oil a
nd W
ater
Con
serv
atio
n to
id
entif
y ne
w m
ater
ials
and
met
hods
that
use
jetti
es a
nd
groi
ns to
pro
tect
, cre
ate
or re
stor
e ke
y ha
bita
ts.
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of S
oil a
nd W
ater
Con
serv
atio
n to
de
velo
p a
sour
ce o
f fun
ding
for u
sing
bea
ch re
nour
ishm
ent t
o m
itiga
te th
e im
pact
s of
jetti
es a
nd g
roin
s on
key
hab
itats
.
Bea
ch R
enou
rishm
ent
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of S
oil a
nd W
ater
Con
serv
atio
n to
de
velo
p st
ate
polic
ies
for t
he ti
min
g of
bea
ch re
nour
ishm
ent,
and
stan
dard
s fo
r com
posi
tion
and
plac
emen
t of m
ater
ials
, to
min
imiz
e sh
ort-t
erm
impa
cts
to n
estin
g si
tes,
roos
ts a
nd o
ther
cr
itica
l are
as.
Dun
e C
onst
ruct
ion/
Sta
biliz
atio
n
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of S
oil a
nd W
ater
Con
serv
atio
n to
as
sess
nee
ds o
f bea
ch-n
estin
g bi
rds
for o
verw
ash
habi
tat,
and
wor
k w
ith p
ublic
and
priv
ate
land
owne
rs to
ada
pt
stab
ilizat
ion
proj
ects
to a
llow
for t
his
need
.
Arti
ficia
l Sho
relin
e H
arde
ning
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of S
oil a
nd W
ater
Con
serv
atio
n to
de
velo
p ed
ucat
ion
and
outre
ach,
ince
ntiv
es, p
artn
ersh
ips
and/
or re
gula
tions
as
nece
ssar
y to
incl
ude
priv
ate
land
owne
rs in
bea
ch re
nour
ishm
ent p
roje
cts,
in p
lace
of
inst
allin
g bu
lkhe
ads
and
reve
tmen
ts, t
o m
inim
ize
impa
cts
to
key
habi
tats
.
Indu
stria
l Dev
elop
men
t and
O
pera
tions
A
ir P
ollu
tion
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
4
Acc
iden
tal S
pills
of T
oxin
s an
d S
ewag
e S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Tran
spor
tatio
n an
d U
tility
O
pera
tions
and
Mai
nten
ance
Tr
ansp
orta
tion
Infra
stru
ctur
e S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Util
ity C
orrid
ors
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
1
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
, Nui
sanc
e A
nim
als
and
Wild
life
Dis
ease
s W
hite
-taile
d D
eer
Wor
k w
ith h
unte
rs to
incr
ease
dee
r har
vest
on
stat
e la
nds
as
nece
ssar
y to
redu
ce im
pact
s to
key
hab
itats
. E
ncou
rage
fede
ral a
nd N
GO
con
serv
atio
n la
nd m
anag
ers
to
incr
ease
dee
r har
vest
as
nece
ssar
y to
redu
ce im
pact
s to
key
ha
bita
ts.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-6
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Bea
ch a
nd D
une
Hab
itats
Is
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Dev
elop
edu
catio
n an
d ou
treac
h en
cour
agin
g la
ndow
ners
to
incr
ease
dee
r har
vest
on
priv
ate
land
s as
nec
essa
ry to
re
duce
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts.
Con
tinue
to e
valu
ate
Qua
lity
Dee
r Man
agem
ent a
s a
long
-te
rm s
trate
gy fo
r min
imiz
ing
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts.
Inva
sive
Pla
nts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
6
Sol
id W
aste
Dis
posa
l B
each
Cle
anup
Act
iviti
es (r
akin
g, e
vent
s)
Sch
edul
e be
ach
clea
nup
even
ts to
avo
id n
estin
g pe
riods
, pe
ak m
igra
tion
and
othe
r crit
ical
tim
es fo
r SG
CN
. D
evel
op e
duca
tion
and
outre
ach
for b
each
cle
anup
pa
rtici
pant
s ab
out m
inim
izin
g im
pact
s to
SG
CN
. D
evel
op s
tate
pol
icie
s fo
r bea
ch ra
king
on
stat
e la
nds
to
mod
ify o
r sus
pend
act
iviti
es d
urin
g ne
stin
g pe
riods
, pea
k m
igra
tion
and
othe
r crit
ical
tim
es fo
r SG
CN
. E
ncou
rage
mun
icip
aliti
es to
mod
ify o
r sus
pend
bea
ch ra
king
du
ring
nest
ing
perio
ds, p
eak
mig
ratio
n an
d ot
her c
ritic
al
times
for S
GC
N.
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Sea
Lev
el R
ise
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
7
Rec
reat
iona
l Act
iviti
es
Rec
reat
iona
l Use
On
Foot
and
with
Boa
ts,
Per
sona
l Wat
ercr
aft a
nd O
ff-R
oad
Veh
icle
s S
ee S
ectio
n 0
Airp
ort O
pera
tions
O
verfl
ight
sC
ontin
ue/e
xpan
d st
udie
s of
dis
turb
ance
of S
GC
N fr
om
over
fligh
ts, a
nd w
ork
with
Dov
er A
ir Fo
rce
Bas
e to
miti
gate
di
stur
banc
e.
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t H
abita
t/Wild
life
Man
agem
ent
Impl
emen
t the
Pip
ing
Plo
ver R
ecov
ery
Pla
n.
See
Sec
tion
0 fo
r mor
e ac
tions
.
6.1.
3.Ea
rly S
ucce
ssio
nal U
plan
d H
abita
ts
Des
crip
tion
Early
succ
essi
onal
upl
and
habi
tats
typi
cally
resu
lt fr
om th
e ab
ando
nmen
t of a
gric
ultu
ral f
ield
s, pa
stur
es o
r oth
er c
lear
ed la
nd.
Ove
r se
vera
l dec
ades
, pio
neer
ing
gras
ses a
nd fo
rbs g
radu
ally
giv
e w
ay to
shru
bs a
nd tr
ee se
edlin
gs.
If le
ft al
one,
thes
e ha
bita
ts w
ill
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
7
even
tual
ly su
ccee
d in
to fo
rest
s. S
ome
area
s, us
ually
on
stat
e or
NG
O c
onse
rvat
ion
land
s, ar
e m
anag
ed to
mai
ntai
n th
is h
abita
t by
mea
ns o
f per
iodi
c m
owin
g, g
razi
ng o
r bur
ning
. M
appi
ng o
f man
y Ea
rly S
ucce
ssio
nal U
plan
d H
abita
ts w
as a
ccom
plis
hed
thro
ugh
habi
tat m
odel
ing
base
d on
spec
ies-
habi
tat a
ssoc
iatio
ns, a
nd th
ese
site
s req
uire
fiel
d ve
rific
atio
n.
Vita
l Sta
tistic
s
Early
Suc
cess
iona
l Upl
and
Hab
itats
A
ttrib
ute
Tota
l Pr
otec
ted
HC
C* A
crea
ge
25,1
98
7,75
5 (3
1%)
HC
C O
ccur
renc
es
1,48
6 71
4 (4
8%)
Kno
wn
SGC
N S
peci
es /
Occ
urre
nces
in H
CC
20 /
24
14 /
15 (7
0% /
63%
)
Ass
ocia
ted
SGC
N S
peci
es
48
*HC
C =
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
.
Pres
ent C
ondi
tion
Fair.
Fal
low
agr
icul
tura
l fie
lds a
nd w
eedy
fiel
d bo
rder
s wer
e on
ce a
fairl
y co
mm
on si
te in
Del
awar
e, y
et th
ey h
ave
dwin
dled
in re
cent
deca
des w
ith m
ore
inte
nsiv
e fa
rmin
g pr
actic
es a
s wel
l as f
rom
nat
ural
succ
essi
on o
n ab
ando
ned
agric
ultu
ral l
ands
. Inc
entiv
e pr
ogra
ms
to re
duce
tilla
ge a
re o
n th
e ris
e, b
ut th
eir e
ffec
t so
far h
as b
een
mod
est.
Als
o, th
e re
lent
less
con
vers
ion
of fa
rms t
o re
side
ntia
l de
velo
pmen
t thr
eate
ns th
e lo
ng-te
rm e
ffec
tiven
ess o
f the
se e
ffor
ts.
Ther
e ar
e nu
mer
ous s
mal
l occ
urre
nces
of t
his h
abita
t on
road
side
s,ut
ility
cor
ridor
s and
the
like,
alth
ough
mai
nten
ance
regi
mes
on
thes
e ar
eas m
ay c
ompr
omis
e th
eir e
colo
gica
l val
ue.
Seve
ral p
ublic
agen
cies
and
priv
ate
cons
erva
tion
orga
niza
tions
are
act
ivel
y m
anag
ing
for e
arly
succ
essi
onal
hab
itat,
but w
heth
er o
r not
this
will
ensu
re su
ffic
ient
ext
ent a
nd d
istri
butio
n is
unc
erta
in.
In a
dditi
on, p
erpe
tual
man
agem
ent i
s req
uire
d to
thw
art n
atur
al su
cces
sion
, and
co
sts f
or c
ontro
lling
inva
sive
exo
tic p
lant
s may
be
espe
cial
ly h
igh.
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
H
erba
ceou
s Ear
ly S
ucce
ssio
nal U
plan
d H
abita
ts
Shru
b/B
rush
Ear
ly S
ucce
ssio
nal U
plan
d H
abita
ts
Ass
ocia
ted
Spec
ies
of G
reat
est C
onse
rvat
ion
Nee
d
Early
Suc
cess
iona
l Upl
and
Hab
itats
Ti
erC
lass
Scie
ntifi
c N
ame
Com
mon
Nam
e
1In
sect
sN
icro
phor
us a
mer
ican
usA
mer
ican
bur
ying
bee
tle
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-8
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Early
Suc
cess
iona
l Upl
and
Hab
itats
Ti
erC
lass
Scie
ntifi
c N
ame
Com
mon
Nam
e
Cal
loph
rys
irus
frost
ed e
lfin
Pap
aipe
ma
mar
itim
am
ariti
me
sunf
low
er b
orer
mot
h
Rep
tiles
Terr
apen
e ca
rolin
a E
aste
rn b
ox tu
rtle
Lam
prop
eltis
tria
ngul
umm
ilk s
nake
Bird
s
Bra
nta
cana
dens
is
Can
ada
goos
e (m
igra
tory
)
Circ
us c
yane
us
Nor
ther
n ha
rrier
Bar
tram
ia lo
ngic
auda
upla
nd s
andp
iper
Sco
lopa
x m
inor
Am
eric
an w
oodc
ock
Asi
o fla
mm
eus
shor
t-ear
ed o
wl
Cho
rdei
les
min
or
com
mon
nig
htha
wk
Lani
us lu
dovi
cian
uslo
gger
head
shr
ike
Den
droi
ca d
isco
lor
prai
rie w
arbl
er
Am
mod
ram
us h
ensl
owii
Hen
slow
's s
parro
w
2In
sect
s
Cic
inde
la s
cute
llaris
fest
ive
tiger
bee
tle
Atry
tono
psis
hia
nna
dust
ed s
kipp
er
Sat
yriu
m li
paro
psst
riped
hai
rstre
ak
Sat
yriu
m li
paro
ps s
trigo
sum
strip
ed h
airs
treak
Cal
loph
rys
gryn
eus
juni
per h
airs
treak
Spe
yeria
aph
rodi
teap
hrod
ite fr
itilla
ry
Spe
yeria
idal
iare
gal f
ritilla
ry
Bol
oria
bel
lona
mea
dow
friti
llary
Par
atre
a pl
ebej
atru
mpe
t vin
e sp
hinx
Cal
yptra
can
aden
sis
Can
adia
n ow
let
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
9
Early
Suc
cess
iona
l Upl
and
Hab
itats
Ti
erC
lass
Scie
ntifi
c N
ame
Com
mon
Nam
e
Acr
onic
ta ru
bric
oma
a da
gger
mot
h
Pap
aipe
ma
rigid
arig
id s
unflo
wer
bor
er m
oth
Cirr
hoph
anus
tria
ngul
ifer
a no
ctui
d m
oth
Sch
inia
sep
tent
riona
lisa
noct
uid
mot
h
Bird
s
Ple
gadi
s fa
lcin
ellu
s gl
ossy
ibis
Cyg
nus
colu
mbi
anus
tu
ndra
sw
an
Cor
agyp
s at
ratu
s bl
ack
vultu
re
Col
inus
virg
inia
nus
Nor
ther
n bo
bwhi
te
Plu
vial
is s
quat
arol
a bl
ack-
bellie
d pl
over
Coc
cyzu
s er
ythr
opth
alm
us
blac
k-bi
lled
cuck
oo
Cha
etur
a pe
lagi
cach
imne
y sw
ift
Col
apte
s au
ratu
s N
orth
ern
flick
er
Em
pido
nax
min
imus
leas
t fly
catc
her
Tyra
nnus
tyra
nnus
Eas
tern
kin
gbird
Toxo
stom
a ru
fum
brow
n th
rash
er
Den
droi
ca p
ensy
lvan
ica
ches
tnut
-sid
ed w
arbl
er
Icte
ria v
irens
yello
w-b
reas
ted
chat
Pip
ilo e
ryth
roph
thal
mus
E
aste
rn to
whe
e
Spi
zella
pus
illafie
ld s
parro
w
Poo
ecet
es g
ram
ineu
sve
sper
spa
rrow
Pas
serc
ulus
san
dwic
hens
is
sava
nnah
spa
rrow
Am
mod
ram
us s
avan
naru
mgr
assh
oppe
r spa
rrow
Dol
icho
nyx
oryz
ivor
us
bobo
link
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-10
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Early
Suc
cess
iona
l Upl
and
Hab
itats
Ti
erC
lass
Scie
ntifi
c N
ame
Com
mon
Nam
e
Mam
mal
sC
rypt
otis
par
vale
ast s
hrew
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
Early
Suc
cess
iona
l Upl
and
Hab
itats
Is
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al
Dev
elop
men
t Pra
ctic
es
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al S
truct
ures
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Agr
icul
tura
l and
For
estry
O
pera
tions
Farm
land
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Agr
icul
tura
l Har
vest
ing
Pra
ctic
es
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
elaw
are
Dep
artm
ent o
f Agr
icul
ture
and
the
agric
ultu
ral c
omm
unity
to p
rovi
de in
cent
ives
for p
rivat
e la
ndow
ners
to m
odify
har
vest
met
hods
and
tim
ing
to
min
imiz
e im
pact
s to
SG
CN
.
Indu
stria
l Dev
elop
men
t and
O
pera
tions
In
dust
rial F
acilit
ies
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
1
Air
Pol
lutio
n S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Tran
spor
tatio
n an
d U
tility
O
pera
tions
and
Mai
nten
ance
Tran
spor
tatio
n In
frast
ruct
ure
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
1
Util
ity C
orrid
ors
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
1
Dre
dge
Spo
il D
ispo
sal
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
1
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
, Nui
sanc
e A
nim
als
and
Wild
life
Dis
ease
s In
vasi
ve P
lant
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.6
Con
trol o
f Inv
asiv
e P
lant
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.6
Sol
id W
aste
Dis
posa
l La
ndfil
l Fac
ilitie
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Cha
nges
in F
ire R
egim
es
Fire
Sup
pres
sion
Inte
grat
e pr
escr
ibed
bur
ning
into
man
agem
ent o
f ear
ly
succ
essi
onal
hab
itats
as
appr
opria
te.
Pro
vide
sta
ff tra
inin
g on
pre
scrib
ed b
urni
ng p
ract
ices
for
early
suc
cess
iona
l hab
itats
. E
valu
ate
the
need
for a
n in
ter-
agen
cy “b
urn
team
” to
leve
rage
reso
urce
s an
d ex
perti
se.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
11
Early
Suc
cess
iona
l Upl
and
Hab
itats
Is
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Dev
elop
edu
catio
n an
d ou
treac
h fo
r lan
dow
ners
adj
acen
t to
area
s ta
rget
ed fo
r bur
ning
. P
rovi
de in
cent
ives
and
/or t
echn
ical
sup
port
for p
rivat
e la
ndow
ners
to c
ondu
ct p
resc
ribed
bur
ns o
f ear
ly
succ
essi
onal
hab
itats
.
Fire
fight
ing
Pra
ctic
es
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
elaw
are
Sta
te F
ire S
choo
l to
inte
grat
e co
nser
vatio
n of
key
hab
itats
and
SG
CN
into
pra
ctic
es fo
r fig
htin
g w
ildfir
es.
Ene
rgy
Pro
duct
ion
Win
d Fa
rm F
acilit
ies
Wor
k w
ith e
nerg
y co
mpa
nies
to d
evel
op s
tand
ards
for t
he
loca
tion
of w
ind
farm
s to
min
imiz
e lo
ss a
nd fr
agm
enta
tion
of
key
habi
tats
.
Rec
reat
iona
l Act
iviti
es
Off-
Roa
d V
ehic
les
See
Sec
tion
0
Airp
ort O
pera
tions
B
ird S
trike
Haz
ard
Man
agem
ent
Wor
k w
ith a
irpor
ts to
inte
grat
e ea
rly s
ucce
ssio
nal h
abita
t int
o bi
rd s
trike
man
agem
ent.
Wild
life
Har
vest
ing
Inap
prop
riate
Hun
ting
and
Fish
ing
Stre
ngth
en e
nfor
cem
ent o
f exi
stin
g hu
ntin
g an
d tra
ppin
g re
gula
tions
. In
tegr
ate
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n in
to h
untin
g an
d tra
ppin
g re
gula
tions
. In
corp
orat
e in
form
atio
n ab
out S
GC
N c
onse
rvat
ion
into
the
Hun
ting
and
Trap
ping
Gui
de.
Mai
ntai
n co
mpl
ianc
e w
ith fe
dera
l reg
ulat
ions
.
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t H
abita
t/Wild
life
Man
agem
ent
See
Sec
tion
0
6.1.
4.C
oast
al P
lain
Upl
and
Fore
sts
Des
crip
tion
Foun
d on
dry
or m
oist
, but
not
wet
, soi
ls, C
oast
al P
lain
upl
and
fore
sts v
ary
from
mix
ed d
ecid
uous
type
s – m
ostly
oak
s and
hic
korie
s –
in c
entra
l Del
awar
e, to
pur
e st
ands
of l
oblo
lly p
ine
in th
e so
uth.
Lik
ewis
e, v
eget
atio
n on
the
fore
st fl
oor m
ay ra
nge
from
spar
se h
eath
s on
dry
site
s to
impe
netra
ble
thic
kets
of s
wee
t pep
perb
ush
in m
oist
are
as.
Map
ping
of m
any
Anc
ient
San
d R
idge
For
ests
was
ac
com
plis
hed
thro
ugh
habi
tat m
odel
ing
base
d on
topo
grap
hy, a
nd th
ese
site
s req
uire
fiel
d ve
rific
atio
n.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-12
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Vita
l Sta
tistic
s
Coa
stal
Pla
in U
plan
d Fo
rest
s A
ttrib
ute
Tota
l Pr
otec
ted
HC
C* A
crea
ge
3,46
2 47
6 (1
4%)
HC
C O
ccur
renc
es
709
105
(15%
)
Kno
wn
SGC
N S
peci
es /
Occ
urre
nces
in H
CC
5 / 6
4
/ 5 (8
0% /
83%
)
SGC
N S
peci
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith H
CC
48
*HC
C =
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
.
Pres
ent C
ondi
tion
Poor
. A
lthou
gh d
ata
is n
ot a
vaila
ble
for s
peci
fic fo
rest
type
s, C
oast
al P
lain
Upl
and
Fore
sts a
re b
elie
ved
to h
ave
follo
wed
the
trend
of
all u
plan
d fo
rest
type
s in
Del
awar
e, th
at o
f a lo
ng-te
rm se
vere
dec
line
that
con
tinue
s to
this
day
. Se
e th
e di
scus
sion
of P
rese
nt
Con
ditio
n un
der F
ores
t Blo
cks (
Sect
ion
6.1.
19) f
or m
ore
info
rmat
ion.
Com
pare
d to
som
e ot
her k
ey h
abita
ts, r
elat
ivel
y lit
tle u
plan
d fo
rest
is p
rote
cted
by
cons
erva
tion
owne
rshi
p, a
nd re
gula
tory
pro
tect
ion
is w
eak.
Ref
ores
tatio
n is
pos
sibl
e bu
t lab
or-in
tens
ive
and
time-
cons
umin
g, a
nd re
quire
s a le
ngth
y co
mm
itmen
t to
man
agin
g im
pact
s fro
m d
eer b
row
se, i
nvas
ive
exot
ic p
lant
s and
oth
er is
sues
.A
lso,
mos
t of t
he st
ate’
s upl
and
fore
st ty
pes b
enef
it fr
om p
erio
dic
fires
that
mai
ntai
n oa
k do
min
ance
, and
use
of p
resc
ribed
fire
beco
mes
incr
easi
ngly
diff
icul
t with
gre
ater
resi
dent
ial d
evel
opm
ent.
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
C
hest
nut O
ak –
Hai
rgra
ss F
ores
t Tu
liptre
e R
ich
Woo
d (C
oast
al P
lain
var
iant
) A
ncie
nt S
and
Rid
ge F
ores
t
Ass
ocia
ted
Spec
ies
of G
reat
est C
onse
rvat
ion
Nee
d C
oast
al P
lain
Upl
and
Fore
sts
Tier
Cla
ssSc
ient
ific
Nam
eC
omm
on N
ame
1In
sect
s
Cic
inde
la p
atru
ela
cons
enta
nea
Nor
ther
n ba
rrens
tige
r bee
tle
Cal
loph
rys
irus
frost
ed e
lfin
Cat
ocal
a an
tinym
pha
swee
tfern
und
erw
ing
Cat
ocal
a la
crym
osa
tear
ful u
nder
win
g
Rep
tiles
Terr
apen
e ca
rolin
a E
aste
rn b
ox tu
rtle
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
13
Coa
stal
Pla
in U
plan
d Fo
rest
s Ti
erC
lass
Scie
ntifi
c N
ame
Com
mon
Nam
eE
umec
es la
ticep
s br
oadh
ead
skin
k C
emop
hora
coc
cine
a sc
arle
t sna
ke
Ela
phe
gutta
ta
corn
sna
ke
Lam
prop
eltis
tria
ngul
um
milk
sna
ke
Bird
s
Hal
iaee
tus
leuc
ocep
halu
s ba
ld e
agle
A
ccip
iter c
oope
rii
Coo
per's
haw
k B
uteo
pla
typt
erus
br
oad-
win
ged
haw
k A
sio
otus
lo
ng-e
ared
ow
l M
elan
erpe
s er
ythr
ocep
halu
s re
d-he
aded
woo
dpec
ker
Cer
thia
am
eric
ana
brow
n cr
eepe
r H
yloc
ichl
a m
uste
lina
woo
d th
rush
W
ilson
ia c
itrin
a ho
oded
war
bler
M
amm
als
Sci
urus
nig
er c
iner
eus
Del
mar
va fo
x sq
uirre
l
2
Gas
trop
ods
Dis
cus
cats
kille
nsis
an
gula
r dis
c
Inse
cts
Cic
inde
la p
atru
ela
Nor
ther
n ba
rrens
tige
r bee
tle
Cic
inde
la u
nipu
ncta
ta
one-
spot
ted
tiger
bee
tle
Pho
turis
fron
talis
a
firef
ly
Ery
nnis
mar
tialis
m
ottle
d du
skyw
ing
Ery
nnis
bap
tisia
e w
ild in
digo
dus
kyw
ing
Bat
tus
phile
nor
pipe
vine
sw
allo
wta
il P
olyg
onia
pro
gne
gray
com
ma
Car
ipet
a ar
etar
ia
a ge
omet
er m
oth
Toly
pe n
otia
lis
a la
sioc
ampi
d m
oth
Hem
ileuc
a m
aia
mai
a th
e bu
ckm
oth
Cis
then
e ke
ntuc
kien
sis
Ken
tuck
y lic
hen
mot
h C
isth
ene
tenu
ifasc
ia
a lic
hen
mot
h G
ram
mia
phy
llira
ph
yllir
a tig
er m
oth
Zale
met
ata
a no
ctui
d m
oth
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-14
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Coa
stal
Pla
in U
plan
d Fo
rest
s Ti
erC
lass
Scie
ntifi
c N
ame
Com
mon
Nam
eC
atoc
ala
flebi
lis
mou
rnfu
l und
erw
ing
Cat
ocal
a re
sidu
a re
sidu
a un
derw
ing
Cat
ocal
a ce
roga
ma
yello
w b
ande
d un
derw
ing
Acr
onic
ta e
xilis
ex
iled
dagg
er m
oth
Acr
onic
ta li
thos
pila
st
reak
ed d
agge
r mot
h P
apai
pem
a ar
alia
e ar
alia
sho
ot b
orer
mot
h P
apai
pem
a ba
ptis
iae
wild
indi
go b
orer
mot
h Le
pipo
lys
pers
crip
ta
a no
ctui
d m
oth
Rep
tiles
Sci
ncel
la la
tera
lis
grou
nd s
kink
H
eter
odon
pla
tirhi
nos
East
ern
hogn
ose
snak
e La
mpr
opel
tis g
etul
a co
mm
on k
ings
nake
S
tore
ria o
ccip
itom
acul
ata
redb
elly
sna
ke
Virg
inia
val
eria
e sm
ooth
ear
th s
nake
A
gkis
trodo
n co
ntor
trix
copp
erhe
ad
Bird
s
Cor
agyp
s at
ratu
s bl
ack
vultu
re
Stri
x va
ria
barr
ed o
wl
Cap
rimul
gus
voci
feru
s w
hip-
poor
-will
Col
apte
s au
ratu
s N
orth
ern
flick
er
Myi
arch
us c
rinitu
s gr
eat c
rest
ed fl
ycat
cher
S
itta
pusi
lla
brow
n-he
aded
nut
hatc
h V
ireo
flavi
frons
ye
llow
-thro
ated
vire
o D
endr
oica
dom
inic
a ye
llow
-thro
ated
war
bler
M
niot
ilta
varia
bl
ack-
and-
whi
te w
arbl
er
Sei
urus
mot
acill
a Lo
uisi
ana
wat
erth
rush
O
poro
rnis
form
osus
K
entu
cky
war
bler
P
irang
a ol
ivac
ea
scar
let t
anag
er
Pip
ilo e
ryth
roph
thal
mus
E
aste
rn to
whe
e Ic
teru
s ga
lbul
a B
altim
ore
orio
le
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
15
Coa
stal
Pla
in U
plan
d Fo
rest
s Ti
erC
lass
Scie
ntifi
c N
ame
Com
mon
Nam
e
Mam
mal
s
Lasi
onyc
teris
noc
tivag
ans
silv
er-h
aire
d ba
t La
siur
us b
orea
lis
Eas
tern
red
bat
Lasi
urus
cin
ereu
s ho
ary
bat
Can
is la
trans
co
yote
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
Coa
stal
Pla
in U
plan
d Fo
rest
s Is
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al
Dev
elop
men
t Pra
ctic
es
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al S
truct
ures
Eva
luat
e m
echa
nism
s fo
r pro
tect
ing
key
upla
nd fo
rest
ha
bita
ts o
n pr
ivat
e pr
oper
ty b
y m
eans
of e
duca
tion
and
outre
ach,
par
tner
ship
s, v
olun
tary
gui
delin
es, i
ncen
tives
an
d/or
regu
latio
n, a
s ne
cess
ary.
D
evel
op a
nd im
plem
ent t
he H
abita
t Con
serv
atio
n P
lan
for
Fore
sts
in S
usse
x C
ount
y to
miti
gate
loss
, fra
gmen
tatio
n an
d de
grad
atio
n of
Coa
stal
Pla
in u
plan
d fo
rest
s.
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
1 fo
r add
ition
al a
ctio
ns
Agr
icul
tura
l and
For
estry
O
pera
tions
Farm
land
Dev
elop
and
impl
emen
t the
Hab
itat C
onse
rvat
ion
Pla
n fo
r Fo
rest
s in
Sus
sex
Cou
nty
to m
itiga
te lo
ss, f
ragm
enta
tion
and
degr
adat
ion
of C
oast
al P
lain
upl
and
fore
sts.
W
ork
with
the
Del
awar
e Fo
rest
Ser
vice
and
the
Land
owne
r In
cent
ives
Pro
gram
to d
evel
op in
cent
ives
for f
ores
t ow
ners
th
at p
repa
re m
anag
emen
t pla
ns s
peci
fical
ly p
rom
otin
g co
nser
vatio
n of
key
hab
itats
and
SG
CN
. S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
for a
dditi
onal
act
ions
Live
stoc
k G
razi
ng
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
elaw
are
Dep
artm
ent o
f Agr
icul
ture
and
the
Land
owne
r Inc
entiv
es P
rogr
am to
pro
vide
ince
ntiv
es to
pr
ivat
e la
ndow
ners
to e
xclu
de li
vest
ock
from
key
hab
itats
.
Cle
arcu
tting
and
Oth
er F
ores
try P
ract
ices
D
evel
op a
nd im
plem
ent t
he H
abita
t Con
serv
atio
n P
lan
for
Fore
sts
in S
usse
x C
ount
y to
miti
gate
loss
, fra
gmen
tatio
n an
d de
grad
atio
n of
Coa
stal
Pla
in u
plan
d fo
rest
s.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-16
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Coa
stal
Pla
in U
plan
d Fo
rest
s Is
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Enc
oura
ge th
e D
elaw
are
Dep
artm
ent o
f Agr
icul
ture
to re
vise
th
e sc
orin
g sy
stem
of t
he A
gric
ultu
ral L
ands
Pre
serv
atio
n A
ct
to g
ive
incr
ease
d w
eigh
t to
cons
erva
tion
of k
ey h
abita
ts a
nd
SG
CN
. S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.3
for a
dditi
onal
act
ions
Indu
stria
l Dev
elop
men
t and
O
pera
tions
In
dust
rial F
acilit
ies
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
1 fo
r add
ition
al a
ctio
nsA
ir P
ollu
tion
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
4
Tran
spor
tatio
n an
d U
tility
O
pera
tions
and
Mai
nten
ance
Tr
ansp
orta
tion
Infra
stru
ctur
e S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Util
ity C
orrid
ors
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
1
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
, Nui
sanc
e A
nim
als
and
Wild
life
Dis
ease
s
Whi
te-T
aile
d D
eer
Wor
k w
ith h
unte
rs to
incr
ease
dee
r har
vest
on
stat
e la
nds
as
nece
ssar
y to
redu
ce im
pact
s to
key
hab
itats
. E
ncou
rage
fede
ral a
nd N
GO
con
serv
atio
n la
nd m
anag
ers
to
incr
ease
dee
r har
vest
as
nece
ssar
y to
redu
ce im
pact
s to
key
ha
bita
ts.
Dev
elop
edu
catio
n an
d ou
treac
h en
cour
agin
g la
ndow
ners
to
incr
ease
dee
r har
vest
on
priv
ate
land
s as
nec
essa
ry to
re
duce
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts.
Con
tinue
to e
valu
ate
Qua
lity
Dee
r Man
agem
ent a
s a
long
-te
rm s
trate
gy fo
r min
imiz
ing
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts.
Gyp
sy M
oth
Sup
port
cont
inue
d gy
psy
mot
h m
onito
ring
by th
e D
elaw
are
Dep
artm
ent o
f Agr
icul
ture
. W
ork
with
the
Del
awar
e D
epar
tmen
t of A
gric
ultu
re to
pro
vide
in
cent
ives
to la
ndow
ners
for g
ypsy
mot
h co
ntro
l in
key
habi
tats
on
priv
ate
land
s.
Con
trol o
f Mos
quito
es a
nd F
ores
t Pes
ts B
y A
eria
l App
licat
ion
of P
estic
ides
Wor
k w
ith th
e M
osqu
ito C
ontro
l Sec
tion
to a
sses
s an
d m
onito
r the
impa
cts
of a
eria
l app
licat
ion
on S
GC
N in
sect
s,
and
on th
e pr
ey b
ase
of S
GC
N in
sect
ivor
ous
bird
s, s
mal
l m
amm
als
and
bats
. W
ork
with
the
Mos
quito
Con
trol S
ectio
n to
ada
pt a
eria
l ap
plic
atio
n pr
actic
es fo
r con
serv
atio
n of
SG
CN
, as
nece
ssar
y.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
17
Coa
stal
Pla
in U
plan
d Fo
rest
s Is
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Eur
opea
n S
tarli
ng
Ass
ess
and
mon
itor t
he e
ffect
iven
ess
of n
est b
oxes
, sna
g cr
eatio
n an
d ot
her p
ract
ices
to e
nhan
ce th
e su
cces
s of
ca
vity
-nes
ting
SG
CN
.
Inva
sive
Ear
thw
orm
s
Ass
ess
the
impa
cts
of in
vasi
ve e
arth
wor
ms
on fo
rest
s an
d us
e th
is a
sses
smen
t and
long
-term
mon
itorin
g to
gui
de
adap
tive
man
agem
ent,
educ
atio
n, o
utre
ach
and
enfo
rcem
ent
effo
rts a
s ne
cess
ary.
In
vasi
ve P
lant
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.6
Con
trol o
f Inv
asiv
e P
lant
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.6
Sol
id W
aste
Dis
posa
l La
ndfil
l Fac
ilitie
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Cha
nges
in F
ire R
egim
es
Fire
Sup
pres
sion
Inte
grat
e pr
escr
ibed
bur
ning
into
man
agem
ent o
f upl
and
fore
sts
as a
ppro
pria
te.
Pro
vide
sta
ff tra
inin
g on
pre
scrib
ed b
urni
ng p
ract
ices
for
upla
nd fo
rest
s.
Eva
luat
e th
e ne
ed fo
r an
inte
r-ag
ency
“bur
n te
am” t
o le
vera
ge re
sour
ces
and
expe
rtise
. D
evel
op e
duca
tion
and
outre
ach
for l
ando
wne
rs a
djac
ent t
o ar
eas
targ
eted
for b
urni
ng.
Pro
vide
ince
ntiv
es a
nd/o
r tec
hnic
al s
uppo
rt fo
r priv
ate
land
owne
rs to
con
duct
pre
scrib
ed b
urns
of u
plan
d fo
rest
s.
Fire
fight
ing
Pra
ctic
es
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
elaw
are
Sta
te F
ire S
choo
l to
inte
grat
e co
nser
vatio
n of
key
hab
itats
and
SG
CN
into
pra
ctic
es fo
r fig
htin
g w
ildfir
es.
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Sea
Lev
el R
ise
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
7
Ene
rgy
Pro
duct
ion
Win
d Fa
rm F
acilit
ies
Wor
k w
ith e
nerg
y co
mpa
nies
to d
evel
op s
tand
ards
for t
he
loca
tion
of w
ind
farm
s to
min
imiz
e lo
ss a
nd fr
agm
enta
tion
of
key
habi
tats
. R
ecre
atio
nal A
ctiv
ities
O
ff-R
oad
Veh
icle
s S
ee S
ectio
n 0
Wild
life
Har
vest
ing
Inap
prop
riate
Hun
ting
and
Fish
ing
Dev
elop
edu
catio
n an
d ou
treac
h fo
r hun
ters
abo
ut th
e D
elm
arva
fox
squi
rrel t
o m
inim
ize
impa
cts
from
acc
iden
tal
killi
ng.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-18
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Coa
stal
Pla
in U
plan
d Fo
rest
s Is
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Stre
ngth
en e
nfor
cem
ent o
f exi
stin
g hu
ntin
g an
d tra
ppin
g re
gula
tions
. In
tegr
ate
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n in
to h
untin
g an
d tra
ppin
g re
gula
tions
. In
corp
orat
e in
form
atio
n ab
out S
GC
N c
onse
rvat
ion
into
the
Hun
ting
and
Trap
ping
Gui
de.
Mai
ntai
n co
mpl
ianc
e w
ith fe
dera
l reg
ulat
ions
.
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t H
abita
t/Wild
life
Man
agem
ent
Impl
emen
t the
Del
mar
va F
ox S
quirr
el R
ecov
ery
Pla
n.
See
Sec
tion
0 fo
r mor
e ac
tions
.
6.1.
5.C
oast
al P
lain
For
este
d Fl
oodp
lain
s an
d R
ipar
ian
Swam
ps
Des
crip
tion
Thes
e fo
rest
s are
foun
d up
stre
am o
f the
hea
d of
tida
l inf
luen
ce o
n se
ason
ally
inun
date
d flo
odpl
ains
, and
in fl
oodp
lain
dep
ress
ions
havi
ng sa
tura
ted
soils
. R
ed m
aple
is fo
und
thro
ugho
ut in
ass
ocia
tion
with
seve
ral o
ther
can
opy
spec
ies,
mos
t not
ably
bal
d cy
pres
s in
certa
in ty
pes.
The
her
bace
ous l
ayer
is o
ften
very
div
erse
.
Vita
l Sta
tistic
s
Coa
stal
Pla
in F
ores
ted
Floo
dpla
ins
and
Rip
aria
n Sw
amps
A
ttrib
ute
Tota
l Pr
otec
ted
HC
C* A
crea
ge
818
522
(64%
)
HC
C O
ccur
renc
es
37
17 (4
6%)
Kno
wn
SGC
N S
peci
es /
Occ
urre
nces
in H
CC
8 / 8
6
/ 6 (7
5% /
75%
)
SGC
N S
peci
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith H
CC
53
*HC
C =
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
.
Pres
ent C
ondi
tion
Fair.
Wet
land
fore
sts h
ave
gene
rally
fare
d be
tter t
han
upla
nd fo
rest
s bec
ause
they
typi
cally
can
not
be
deve
lope
d an
d ar
e di
ffic
ult t
o lo
g; st
ill, m
any
are
cut i
n dr
y ye
ars (
see
the
disc
ussi
on o
f for
est l
oss u
nder
the
prev
ious
hab
itat).
Als
o, su
bsta
ntia
lly m
ore
of th
ese
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
19
fore
sts a
re p
rote
cted
– e
ither
thro
ugh
cons
erva
tion
owne
rshi
p or
regu
latio
n –
than
are
thei
r upl
and
coun
terp
arts
, alth
ough
man
y la
ck
adeq
uate
buf
fers
to p
reve
nt d
egra
datio
n fr
om se
dim
ent a
nd n
utrie
nt ru
noff
. N
onet
hele
ss, f
orec
aste
d se
a le
vel r
ise
may
gre
atly
impa
ct
thes
e ha
bita
ts o
ver t
he lo
ng ru
n. S
ince
cle
arin
g fo
r agr
icul
ture
and
dev
elop
men
t has
elim
inat
ed o
r sub
stan
tially
redu
ced
buff
ers
arou
nd m
any
wet
land
fore
sts,
ther
e is
lim
ited
oppo
rtuni
ty fo
r ups
lope
mig
ratio
n in
the
face
of r
isin
g w
ater
leve
ls.
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
B
lack
Ash
See
page
Sw
amp
Bal
dcyp
ress
– R
ed M
aple
– S
wam
p B
lack
Gum
Sw
amp
Ass
ocia
ted
Spec
ies
of G
reat
est C
onse
rvat
ion
Nee
d C
oast
al P
lain
For
este
d Fl
oodp
lain
s an
d R
ipar
ian
Swam
ps
Tier
Cla
ssSc
ient
ific
Nam
eC
omm
on N
ame
1
Inse
cts
Sat
yriu
m k
ingi
Kin
g's
hairs
treak
Rep
tiles
Cle
mm
ys g
utta
ta
spot
ted
turtl
e
Terr
apen
e ca
rolin
aE
aste
rn b
ox tu
rtle
Ner
odia
ery
thro
gast
erpl
ainb
elly
wat
er s
nake
Bird
s
Nyc
ticor
ax n
yctic
orax
blac
k-cr
owne
d ni
ght-h
eron
Nyc
tana
ssa
viol
acea
yello
w-c
row
ned
nigh
t-her
onB
uteo
pla
typt
erus
broa
d-w
inge
d ha
wk
Mel
aner
pes
eryt
hroc
epha
lus
red-
head
ed w
oodp
ecke
r H
yloc
ichl
a m
uste
lina
woo
d th
rush
P
arul
a am
eric
ana
Nor
ther
n pa
rula
S
etop
haga
rutic
illa
Am
eric
an re
dsta
rtLi
mno
thly
pis
swai
nson
ii S
wai
nson
's w
arbl
er
2In
sect
s
Am
blys
cirte
s ae
scul
apiu
sla
ce-w
inge
d ro
adsi
de-s
kipp
erA
mbl
ysci
rtes
caro
lina
Car
olin
a ro
adsi
de-s
kipp
erLi
byth
eana
car
inen
ta
Am
eric
an s
nout
A
naca
mpt
odes
per
grac
ilis
cypr
ess
loop
erC
hlor
opte
ryx
tepp
erar
iaan
gle
win
ged
emer
ald
mot
hM
andu
ca ja
smin
earu
m
ash
sphi
nx
Dol
ba h
yloe
us
blac
k al
der o
r paw
paw
sph
inx
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-20
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Coa
stal
Pla
in F
ores
ted
Floo
dpla
ins
and
Rip
aria
n Sw
amps
Ti
erC
lass
Scie
ntifi
c N
ame
Com
mon
Nam
eH
aplo
a co
lona
a tig
er m
oth
Org
yia
detri
ta
a tu
ssoc
k m
oth
Cat
ocal
a un
ijuga
on
ce-m
arrie
d un
derw
ing
Cat
ocal
a pr
aecl
ara
prae
clar
a un
derw
ing
Par
apam
ea b
uffa
loen
sis
a bo
rer m
oth
Pap
aipe
ma
sten
ocel
is
chai
n fe
rn b
orer
mot
h G
omph
aesc
hna
antil
ope
tape
r-tai
led
darn
erG
omph
aesc
hna
furc
illata
ha
rlequ
in d
arne
r S
ympe
trum
am
bigu
um
blue
-face
d m
eado
wha
wk
Ena
llagm
a w
eew
abl
ackw
ater
blu
et
Am
phib
ians
Hem
idac
tyliu
m s
cuta
tum
four
-toed
sal
aman
der
Pse
udot
riton
mon
tanu
s m
onta
nus
mud
sal
aman
der
Hyl
a ch
ryso
scel
is
Cop
e's
gray
tree
frog
Ran
a vi
rgat
ipes
carp
ente
r fro
g
Rep
tiles
Oph
eodr
ys a
estiv
us
roug
h gr
een
snak
e Th
amno
phis
sau
ritus
Ea
ster
n rib
bon
snak
e A
gkis
trodo
n co
ntor
trix
copp
erhe
ad
Bird
s
Ard
ea h
erod
ias
grea
t blu
e he
ron
Cas
mer
odiu
s al
bus
grea
t egr
etE
gret
ta th
ula
snow
y eg
ret
Egr
etta
cae
rule
a lit
tle b
lue
hero
n E
gret
ta tr
icol
ortri
colo
red
hero
nB
ubul
cus
ibis
cattl
e eg
ret
Ple
gadi
s fa
lcin
ellu
s gl
ossy
ibis
B
uteo
line
atus
red-
shou
lder
ed h
awk
Stri
x va
riaba
rred
ow
lV
ireo
flavi
frons
ye
llow
-thro
ated
vire
o P
roto
nota
ria c
itrea
pr
otho
nota
ry w
arbl
er
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
21
Coa
stal
Pla
in F
ores
ted
Floo
dpla
ins
and
Rip
aria
n Sw
amps
Ti
erC
lass
Scie
ntifi
c N
ame
Com
mon
Nam
eH
elm
ither
os v
erm
ivor
us
wor
m-e
atin
g w
arbl
er
Opo
rorn
is fo
rmos
us
Ken
tuck
y w
arbl
er
Pira
nga
oliv
acea
sc
arle
t tan
ager
Ic
teru
s ga
lbul
a B
altim
ore
orio
le
Mam
mal
sLa
sion
ycte
ris n
octiv
agan
s si
lver
-hai
red
bat
Nyc
ticei
us h
umer
alis
ev
enin
g ba
t
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
C
oast
al P
lain
For
este
d Fl
oodp
lain
s an
d R
ipar
ian
Swam
ps
Issu
e C
ateg
ory
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al
Dev
elop
men
t Pra
ctic
es
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al S
truct
ures
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
1D
evel
op a
nd im
plem
ent t
he H
abita
t Con
serv
atio
n P
lan
for
Fore
sts
in S
usse
x C
ount
y to
miti
gate
loss
, fra
gmen
tatio
n an
d de
grad
atio
n of
Coa
stal
Pla
in u
plan
d fo
rest
s.
Alte
red
Hyd
rolo
gy
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
2
Nut
rient
s an
d S
edim
ents
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.2
Agr
icul
tura
l and
For
estry
O
pera
tions
Farm
land
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
1D
evel
op a
nd im
plem
ent t
he H
abita
t Con
serv
atio
n P
lan
for
Fore
sts
in S
usse
x C
ount
y to
miti
gate
loss
, fra
gmen
tatio
n an
d de
grad
atio
n of
Coa
stal
Pla
in u
plan
d fo
rest
s.
Live
stoc
k G
razi
ng
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
elaw
are
Dep
artm
ent o
f Agr
icul
ture
to p
rovi
de
ince
ntiv
es to
priv
ate
land
owne
rs to
exc
lude
live
stoc
k fro
m
key
habi
tats
.
Ditc
hing
and
Dra
inin
g W
ork
with
the
Div
isio
n of
Soi
l and
Wat
er C
onse
rvat
ion
to
prov
ide
ince
ntiv
es to
tax
ditc
h as
soci
atio
ns to
impl
emen
t B
MP
s th
at m
inim
ize
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts.
Alte
red
Hyd
rolo
gy
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3N
utrie
nts
and
Sed
imen
ts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3P
estic
ides
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-22
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Coa
stal
Pla
in F
ores
ted
Floo
dpla
ins
and
Rip
aria
n Sw
amps
Is
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Cle
arcu
tting
and
Oth
er F
ores
try P
ract
ices
Dev
elop
and
impl
emen
t the
Hab
itat C
onse
rvat
ion
Pla
n fo
r Fo
rest
s in
Sus
sex
Cou
nty
to m
itiga
te lo
ss, f
ragm
enta
tion
and
degr
adat
ion
of C
oast
al P
lain
upl
and
fore
sts.
E
ncou
rage
the
Del
awar
e D
epar
tmen
t of A
gric
ultu
re to
revi
se
the
scor
ing
syst
em o
f the
Agr
icul
tura
l Lan
ds P
rese
rvat
ion
Act
to
giv
e in
crea
sed
wei
ght t
o co
nser
vatio
n of
key
hab
itats
and
S
GC
N.
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3 fo
r add
ition
al a
ctio
ns
Indu
stria
l Dev
elop
men
t and
O
pera
tions
Indu
stria
l Fac
ilitie
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Air
Pol
lutio
n S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Acc
iden
tal S
pills
of T
oxin
s an
d S
ewag
e S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Sed
imen
ts fr
om S
and
and
Gra
vel Q
uarry
ing
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
4
Tran
spor
tatio
n an
d U
tility
O
pera
tions
and
Mai
nten
ance
Tran
spor
tatio
n In
frast
ruct
ure
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
1A
ltere
d H
ydro
logy
S
ee S
ectio
n 0
Util
ity C
orrid
ors
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
1D
redg
e S
poil
Dis
posa
l S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
, Nui
sanc
e A
nim
als
and
Wild
life
Dis
ease
s
Whi
te-T
aile
d D
eer
Wor
k w
ith h
unte
rs to
incr
ease
dee
r har
vest
on
stat
e la
nds
as
nece
ssar
y to
redu
ce im
pact
s to
key
hab
itats
. E
ncou
rage
fede
ral a
nd N
GO
con
serv
atio
n la
nd m
anag
ers
to
incr
ease
dee
r har
vest
as
nece
ssar
y to
redu
ce im
pact
s to
key
ha
bita
ts.
Dev
elop
edu
catio
n an
d ou
treac
h en
cour
agin
g la
ndow
ners
to
incr
ease
dee
r har
vest
on
priv
ate
land
s as
nec
essa
ry to
re
duce
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts.
Con
tinue
to e
valu
ate
Qua
lity
Dee
r Man
agem
ent a
s a
long
-te
rm s
trate
gy fo
r min
imiz
ing
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts.
Gyp
sy M
oth
Sup
port
cont
inue
d gy
psy
mot
h m
onito
ring
by th
e D
elaw
are
Dep
artm
ent o
f Agr
icul
ture
. W
ork
with
the
Del
awar
e D
epar
tmen
t of A
gric
ultu
re to
pro
vide
in
cent
ives
to la
ndow
ners
for g
ypsy
mot
h co
ntro
l in
key
habi
tats
on
priv
ate
land
s.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
23
Coa
stal
Pla
in F
ores
ted
Floo
dpla
ins
and
Rip
aria
n Sw
amps
Is
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Con
trol o
f Mos
quito
es a
nd F
ores
t Pes
ts B
y A
eria
l App
licat
ion
of P
estic
ides
Wor
k w
ith th
e M
osqu
ito C
ontro
l Sec
tion
to a
sses
s an
d m
onito
r the
impa
cts
of a
eria
l app
licat
ion
on S
GC
N in
sect
s,
and
on th
e pr
ey b
ase
of S
GC
N in
sect
ivor
ous
bird
s, s
mal
l m
amm
als
and
bats
. W
ork
with
the
Mos
quito
Con
trol S
ectio
n to
ada
pt a
eria
l ap
plic
atio
n pr
actic
es fo
r con
serv
atio
n of
SG
CN
, as
nece
ssar
y.
Eur
opea
n S
tarli
ng
Ass
ess
and
mon
itor t
he e
ffect
iven
ess
of n
est b
oxes
, sna
g cr
eatio
n an
d ot
her p
ract
ices
to e
nhan
ce th
e su
cces
s of
ca
vity
-nes
ting
SG
CN
.
Inva
sive
Ear
thw
orm
s
Ass
ess
the
impa
cts
of in
vasi
ve e
arth
wor
ms
on fo
rest
s an
d us
e th
is a
sses
smen
t and
long
-term
mon
itorin
g to
gui
de
adap
tive
man
agem
ent,
educ
atio
n, o
utre
ach
and
enfo
rcem
ent
effo
rts a
s ne
cess
ary.
In
vasi
ve P
lant
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.6
Con
trol o
f Inv
asiv
e P
lant
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.6
Wat
er U
se
Dam
Ope
ratio
ns
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of W
ater
Res
ourc
es a
nd w
ater
util
ities
to
eva
luat
e th
e ap
plic
atio
n of
“eco
logi
cally
sus
tain
able
wat
er
man
agem
ent”
prac
tices
to d
am o
pera
tions
to m
inim
ize
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts a
nd S
GC
N.
Sol
id W
aste
Dis
posa
l La
ndfil
l Fac
ilitie
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Sea
Lev
el R
ise
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
7
Wild
life
Har
vest
ing
Inap
prop
riate
Hun
ting
and
Fish
ing
Dev
elop
edu
catio
n an
d ou
treac
h fo
r hun
ters
abo
ut th
e D
elm
arva
fox
squi
rrel t
o m
inim
ize
impa
cts
from
acc
iden
tal
killi
ng.
Stre
ngth
en e
nfor
cem
ent o
f exi
stin
g hu
ntin
g an
d tra
ppin
g re
gula
tions
. In
tegr
ate
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n in
to h
untin
g an
d tra
ppin
g re
gula
tions
. In
corp
orat
e in
form
atio
n ab
out S
GC
N c
onse
rvat
ion
into
the
Hun
ting
and
Trap
ping
Gui
de.
Mai
ntai
n co
mpl
ianc
e w
ith fe
dera
l reg
ulat
ions
.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-24
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Coa
stal
Pla
in F
ores
ted
Floo
dpla
ins
and
Rip
aria
n Sw
amps
Is
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t H
abita
t/Wild
life
Man
agem
ent
Impl
emen
t the
Del
mar
va F
ox S
quirr
el R
ecov
ery
Pla
n.
See
Sec
tion
0 fo
r mor
e ac
tions
.
6.1.
6.A
tlant
ic W
hite
Ced
ar N
on-ti
dal W
etla
nds
Des
crip
tion
Kno
wn
only
from
sout
hern
Del
awar
e, th
ese
wet
land
s are
cha
ract
eriz
ed b
y st
ands
of A
tlant
ic w
hite
ced
ar o
n po
orly
dra
ined
, muc
ky
soils
alo
ng sl
ow-f
low
ing
stre
ams.
Num
erou
s rar
e pl
ant s
peci
es, s
uch
as sw
amp
pink
, may
be
foun
d in
the
herb
aceo
us la
yer o
f som
ety
pes.
Vita
l Sta
tistic
s
Atla
ntic
Whi
te C
edar
Non
-tida
l Wet
land
s A
ttrib
ute
Tota
l Pr
otec
ted
HC
C* A
crea
ge
4,27
2 2,
246
(53%
)
HC
C O
ccur
renc
es
121
60
(50%
)
Kno
wn
SGC
N S
peci
es /
Occ
urre
nces
in H
CC
17 /
26
10 /
12 (5
9% /
46%
)
SGC
N S
peci
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith H
CC
13
*HC
C =
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
.
Pres
ent C
ondi
tion
Fair.
His
toric
ally
, the
se w
etla
nds w
ere
muc
h m
ore
exte
nsiv
e in
the
stat
e, c
over
ing
thou
sand
s of a
cres
in th
e G
reat
Cyp
ress
Sw
amp
alon
e. B
egin
ning
mor
e th
an 2
00 y
ears
ago
, tim
ber h
arve
st a
nd w
etla
nd d
rain
ing
for a
gric
ultu
re e
limin
ated
mos
t of t
hese
swam
ps.
With
the
near
-ces
satio
n of
Atla
ntic
whi
te c
edar
logg
ing
in th
e la
st c
entu
ry, t
his h
abita
t is i
n re
lativ
ely
stab
le c
ondi
tion
at p
rese
nt.
How
ever
, nat
ural
rege
nera
tion
of w
hite
ced
ar is
ofte
n in
hibi
ted
by c
ompe
titio
n fr
om re
d m
aple
, whi
ch is
pre
sent
ly m
ore
com
mon
than
in th
e pa
st, p
roba
bly
due
to fi
re su
ppre
ssio
n. A
lso,
as w
ith o
ther
fore
sted
wet
land
s dis
cuss
ed a
bove
, los
s of b
uffe
rs is
resu
lting
in
som
e sh
ort t
erm
impa
cts f
rom
sedi
men
t and
nut
rient
runo
ff, a
nd w
ill e
xace
rbat
e lo
ng te
rm im
pact
s fro
m se
a le
vel r
ise.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
25
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
D
elm
arva
Atla
ntic
Whi
te C
edar
Sw
amp
Atla
ntic
Whi
te C
edar
– M
ixed
Her
b B
og
Atla
ntic
Whi
te C
edar
Mill
pond
Hea
dwat
er H
umm
ock
and
Peat
Mat
Woo
dlan
d
Ass
ocia
ted
Spec
ies
of G
reat
est C
onse
rvat
ion
Nee
d A
tlant
ic W
hite
Ced
ar N
on-ti
dal W
etla
nds
Tier
Cla
ssSc
ient
ific
Nam
eC
omm
on N
ame
1In
sect
s
Cal
loph
rys
hess
eli
Hes
sel's
hai
rstre
akE
xyra
fax
pitc
her p
lant
mot
hP
apai
pem
a ap
pass
iona
tapi
tche
r pla
nt b
orer
mot
h
Man
duca
jasm
inea
rum
as
h sp
hinx
2In
sect
s
Dol
ba h
yloe
usbl
ack
alde
r or p
awpa
w s
phin
xP
apai
pem
a st
enoc
elis
ch
ain
fern
bor
er m
oth
Xes
tia y
oung
iiY
oung
blu
eber
ry d
art
Gom
phae
schn
a fu
rcilla
ta
harle
quin
dar
ner
Arg
ia b
ipun
ctul
ata
seep
age
danc
er
Ena
llagm
a w
eew
a bl
ackw
ater
blu
et
Neh
alen
nia
grac
ilis
spha
gnum
spr
ite
Am
phib
ians
H
emid
acty
lium
scu
tatu
m
four
-toed
sal
aman
der
Pse
udot
riton
mon
tanu
s m
onta
nus
mud
sal
aman
der
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
Pe
ndin
g fu
rther
ass
essm
ent o
f spe
cific
impa
cts,
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
for A
tlant
ic W
hite
Ced
ar N
on-ti
dal W
etla
nds a
reco
nsid
ered
to b
e th
e sa
me
as th
ose
liste
d fo
r Coa
stal
Pla
in F
ores
ted
Floo
dpla
ins a
nd R
ipar
ian
Swam
ps a
bove
.
6.1.
7.C
oast
al P
lain
Sea
sona
l Pon
ds
Des
crip
tion
Mor
e th
an 1
,000
of t
hese
smal
l dep
ress
iona
l wet
land
s, us
ually
floo
ded
by g
roun
dwat
er a
nd p
reci
pita
tion
in th
e w
inte
r and
sprin
g bu
t dr
y in
the
sum
mer
and
fall,
are
scat
tere
d th
roug
hout
the
stat
e. T
hey
ofte
n oc
cur i
n gr
oups
or c
ompl
exes
that
may
shar
e a
com
mon
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-26
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
grou
ndw
ater
sour
ce a
nd a
mon
g w
hich
pon
d-dw
ellin
g or
gani
sms f
reel
y tra
vel.
Alth
ough
the
pond
s nat
ural
ly o
ccur
imbe
dded
in a
fo
rest
mat
rix, t
hey
cont
ain
only
her
bace
ous a
nd sh
rub
vege
tatio
n w
ithin
thei
r bou
ndar
ies.
The
y ar
e im
porta
nt b
reed
ing
loca
tions
–
som
etim
es th
e on
ly lo
catio
ns –
for a
num
ber o
f fro
gs a
nd sa
lam
ande
rs th
at in
habi
t the
surr
ound
ing
fore
st.
Als
o, o
ver 3
0 ra
re p
lant
spec
ies a
re fo
und
in th
ese
pond
s, in
clud
ing
five
that
are
glo
bally
rare
. M
appi
ng o
f man
y C
oast
al P
lain
Sea
sona
l Pon
ds w
as
acco
mpl
ishe
d th
roug
h ha
bita
t mod
elin
g ba
sed
on a
eria
l pho
togr
aph
inte
rpre
tatio
n, a
nd th
ese
site
s req
uire
fiel
d ve
rific
atio
n. R
ecen
tsu
rvey
s of s
ome
site
s hav
e sh
own
that
the
mod
elin
g in
corr
ectly
cla
ssifi
ed so
me
depr
essi
onal
wet
land
s as C
oast
al P
lain
pon
ds, a
ndfa
iled
to c
orre
ctly
iden
tify
othe
r wet
land
s as p
onds
.
Vita
l Sta
tistic
s C
oast
al P
lain
Sea
sona
l Pon
ds
Attr
ibut
e To
tal
Prot
ecte
d
HC
C* A
crea
ge
1,01
4 18
5 (1
8%)
HC
C O
ccur
renc
es
1,59
1 30
3 (1
9%)
Kno
wn
SGC
N S
peci
es /
Occ
urre
nces
in H
CC
7 / 9
3
/ 3 (4
3% /
33%
)
SGC
N S
peci
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith H
CC
28
*HC
C =
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
.
Pres
ent C
ondi
tion
Fair.
A re
cent
stat
us a
sses
smen
t of t
his h
abita
t in
the
Bla
ckbi
rd-M
illin
gton
cor
ridor
det
erm
ined
that
man
y po
nd c
ompl
exes
in th
is a
rea
– w
hich
has
the
larg
est c
once
ntra
tion
of p
onds
in th
e st
ate
– ar
e in
rela
tivel
y go
od c
ondi
tion,
bas
ed o
n po
nd d
ensi
ty a
nd fo
rest
buf
fer.
This
is d
ue, a
t lea
st in
par
t, to
the
prot
ectio
n of
som
e po
nds o
n st
ate
fore
st la
nds.
How
ever
, hun
dred
s of o
ther
pon
ds e
lsew
here
are
not
in
con
serv
atio
n ow
ners
hip
and
have
bee
n si
gnifi
cant
ly im
pact
ed b
y dr
aini
ng, t
illin
g, lo
ss o
f for
est b
uffe
rs a
nd in
vasi
ve p
lant
spec
ies.
A st
atew
ide
anal
ysis
of C
oast
al P
lain
pon
ds fo
und
that
abo
ut 2
5% o
f pon
d ha
bita
t is s
urro
unde
d ha
lf or
less
by
a fo
rest
ed b
uffe
rad
equa
te fo
r the
con
serv
atio
n of
typi
cal p
ond-
bree
ding
sala
man
ders
; les
s tha
n 20
% is
com
plet
ely
surr
ound
ed b
y su
ch a
buf
fer.
Als
o, th
e ef
fect
on
pond
hyd
rolo
gy o
f gro
undw
ater
with
draw
als f
or d
rinki
ng w
ater
and
cro
p irr
igat
ion
is u
ncer
tain
, alth
ough
ther
e is
su
bsta
ntia
l pum
ping
for i
rrig
atio
n in
the
vici
nity
of m
any
pond
s. E
ven
in lo
catio
ns w
here
hyd
rolo
gy is
inta
ct, t
he n
eed
to c
onse
rve
pond
s in
larg
e co
mpl
exes
inte
rcon
nect
ed b
y ex
tens
ive
fore
sts c
ompl
icat
es p
rote
ctio
n ef
forts
on
both
pub
lic a
nd p
rivat
e pr
oper
ty.
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
B
utto
nbus
h - M
anna
gras
s - S
mar
twee
d C
oast
al P
lain
Sea
sona
l Pon
d V
eget
atio
n B
utto
nbus
h - W
arty
Pan
icgr
ass -
Eat
on’s
Witc
hgra
ss C
oast
al P
lain
Pon
d V
eget
atio
n W
alte
r’s S
edge
- Ea
ton’
s Witc
hgra
ss C
oast
al P
lain
Sea
sona
l Pon
d V
eget
atio
n
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
27
Cap
e M
ay -
Del
mar
va D
epre
ssio
n M
eado
w
Thre
e-w
ay S
edge
- C
anad
a R
ush
Coa
stal
Pla
in S
easo
nal P
ond
Veg
etat
ion
Cre
epin
g R
ush
- Bol
toni
a C
oast
al P
lain
Sea
sona
l Pon
d V
eget
atio
n M
aide
ncan
e C
oast
al P
lain
Sea
sona
l Pon
d V
eget
atio
n M
ixed
Gra
ss D
epre
ssio
n M
eado
w
Wat
erlil
y D
eepw
ater
Coa
stal
Pla
in S
easo
nal P
ond
Veg
etat
ion
Ass
ocia
ted
Spec
ies
of G
reat
est C
onse
rvat
ion
Nee
d C
oast
al P
lain
Sea
sona
l Pon
ds
Tier
Cla
ssSc
ient
ific
Nam
eC
omm
on N
ame
1
Inse
cts
Poa
nes
mas
saso
it m
ulbe
rry
win
g
Am
phib
ians
Am
byst
oma
tigrin
um ti
grin
umtig
er s
alam
ande
rH
yla
grat
iosa
bark
ing
treef
rog
Rep
tiles
Cle
mm
ys g
utta
ta
spot
ted
turtl
e
2In
sect
s
Eup
hyes
dio
n di
on s
kipp
er
Aes
hna
tube
rcul
ifera
bl
ack-
tippe
d da
rner
Aes
hna
verti
calis
gr
een-
strip
ed d
arne
r A
nax
long
ipes
com
et d
arne
rG
omph
aesc
hna
antil
ope
tape
r-tai
led
darn
er
Tetra
gone
uria
cos
talis
strip
e-w
inge
d ba
sket
tail
Cel
ithem
is v
erna
doub
le-r
inge
d pe
nnan
tLe
ucor
rhin
ia in
tact
ado
t-tai
led
whi
tefa
ceLi
bellu
la a
xile
na
bar-w
inge
d sk
imm
er
Libe
llula
dep
lana
tabl
ue c
orpo
ral
Sym
petru
m a
mbi
guum
blue
-face
d m
eado
wha
wk
Sym
petru
m s
emic
inct
um
band
-win
ged
mea
dow
haw
k Le
stes
eur
inus
ambe
r-w
inge
d sp
read
win
gE
nalla
gma
dubi
umbu
rgun
dy b
luet
Ena
llagm
a du
rum
big
blue
tE
nalla
gma
palli
dum
pale
blu
et
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-28
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Coa
stal
Pla
in S
easo
nal P
onds
Ti
erC
lass
Scie
ntifi
c N
ame
Com
mon
Nam
eE
nalla
gma
vesp
erum
vesp
er b
luet
Neh
alen
nia
irene
sedg
e sp
rite
Gom
phus
villo
sipe
sun
icor
n cl
ubta
il
Am
phib
ians
Am
byst
oma
mac
ulat
umsp
otte
d sa
lam
ande
rH
emid
acty
lium
scu
tatu
m
four
-toed
sal
aman
der
Hyl
a ch
ryso
scel
isC
ope'
s gr
ay tr
eefro
gS
caph
iopu
s ho
lbro
okii
Eas
tern
spa
defo
ot
Rep
tiles
Tham
noph
is s
aurit
usE
aste
rn ri
bbon
sna
ke
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
C
oast
al P
lain
Sea
sona
l Pon
ds
Issu
e C
ateg
ory
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al
Dev
elop
men
t Pra
ctic
es
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al S
truct
ures
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Alte
red
Hyd
rolo
gy
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
2N
utrie
nts
and
Sed
imen
ts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
2P
estic
ides
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
2
Agr
icul
tura
l and
For
estry
O
pera
tions
Farm
land
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Ditc
hing
and
Dra
inin
g W
ork
with
the
Div
isio
n of
Soi
l and
Wat
er C
onse
rvat
ion
to
prov
ide
ince
ntiv
es to
tax
ditc
h as
soci
atio
ns to
impl
emen
t B
MP
s th
at m
inim
ize
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts.
Alte
red
Hyd
rolo
gy
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3N
utrie
nts
and
Sed
imen
ts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3P
estic
ides
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3C
lear
cutti
ng a
nd O
ther
For
estry
Pra
ctic
es
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3
Indu
stria
l Dev
elop
men
t and
O
pera
tions
In
dust
rial F
acilit
ies
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
1A
ir P
ollu
tion
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
4
Tran
spor
tatio
n an
d U
tility
O
pera
tions
and
Mai
nten
ance
Tr
ansp
orta
tion
Infra
stru
ctur
e S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
29
Coa
stal
Pla
in S
easo
nal P
onds
Is
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
, Nui
sanc
e A
nim
als
and
Wild
life
Dis
ease
s
Con
trol o
f Mos
quito
es a
nd F
ores
t Pes
ts B
y A
eria
l App
licat
ion
of P
estic
ides
Wor
k w
ith th
e M
osqu
ito C
ontro
l Sec
tion
to a
sses
s an
d m
onito
r the
impa
cts
of a
eria
l app
licat
ion
on S
GC
N in
sect
s,
and
on th
e pr
ey b
ase
of S
GC
N in
sect
ivor
ous
bird
s, s
mal
l m
amm
als
and
bats
. W
ork
with
the
Mos
quito
Con
trol S
ectio
n to
ada
pt a
eria
l ap
plic
atio
n pr
actic
es fo
r con
serv
atio
n of
SG
CN
, as
nece
ssar
y.
Inva
sive
Pla
nts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
6C
ontro
l of I
nvas
ive
Pla
nts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
6
Wat
er U
se
Gro
undw
ater
With
draw
als
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of W
ater
Res
ourc
es to
inte
grat
e ke
y ha
bita
t con
serv
atio
n in
to lo
ng-ra
nge
wat
er s
uppl
y pl
anni
ng.
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of W
ater
Res
ourc
es to
inte
grat
e ke
y ha
bita
t con
serv
atio
n in
to p
rote
ctio
n of
“exc
elle
nt g
roun
dwat
er
rech
arge
are
as.”
Rec
reat
iona
l Act
iviti
es
Rec
reat
iona
l Use
on
Foot
and
with
Boa
ts,
Per
sona
l Wat
ercr
aft a
nd O
ff-R
oad
Veh
icle
s S
ee S
ectio
n 0
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t H
abita
t/Wild
life
Man
agem
ent
See
Sec
tion
0
6.1.
8.In
terd
unal
Wet
land
s
Des
crip
tion
Thes
e sm
all w
etla
nds a
re fo
und
only
am
ong
mar
itim
e du
nes a
long
the
Atla
ntic
Coa
st.
Des
pite
thei
r pro
xim
ity to
the
ocea
n, th
eir
seas
onal
floo
ding
is d
riven
by
grou
ndw
ater
and
pre
cipi
tatio
n. A
s dyn
amic
as m
any
othe
r bea
ch a
nd d
une
habi
tats
, the
se sw
ales
are
perio
dica
lly c
reat
ed o
r des
troye
d by
maj
or st
orm
s. S
ome
type
s hav
e pu
rely
her
bace
ous v
eget
atio
n, w
hile
oth
ers a
re d
omin
ated
by
shru
bs.
Mor
e th
an 2
0 ty
pes o
f rar
e pl
ants
are
foun
d in
thes
e w
etla
nds.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-30
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Vita
l Sta
tistic
s In
terd
unal
Wet
land
s A
ttrib
ute
Tota
l Pr
otec
ted
HC
C* A
crea
ge
72
61
(85%
)
HC
C O
ccur
renc
es
81
73 (9
0%)
Kno
wn
SGC
N S
peci
es /
Occ
urre
nces
in H
CC
1 / 2
1
/ 1 (1
00%
/ 50
%)
SGC
N S
peci
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith H
CC
2
*HC
C =
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
.
Pres
ent C
ondi
tion
Goo
d. A
t pre
sent
mos
t of t
hese
hab
itats
are
rela
tivel
y st
able
, and
the
grea
t maj
ority
are
pro
tect
ed o
n st
ate
park
land
. M
ost o
f tho
se n
ot
on st
ate
land
hav
e be
en d
egra
ded
by lo
ss o
f upl
and
buff
ers,
chan
ges i
n hy
drol
ogy
and
inva
sive
pla
nts,
all o
f whi
ch re
sult
from
en
croa
chin
g re
side
ntia
l dev
elop
men
t. Im
pact
s fro
m p
redi
cted
sea
leve
l ris
e, m
ade
wor
se b
y di
stur
banc
e of
nor
mal
coa
stal
pro
cess
es,
coul
d be
subs
tant
ial.
See
the
disc
ussi
on o
f Con
ditio
n un
der B
each
and
Dun
e H
abita
ts fo
r mor
e in
form
atio
n on
thes
e pr
oces
ses.
Not
eth
at a
lthou
gh in
terd
unal
wet
land
s are
par
t of a
ver
y dy
nam
ic c
oast
al e
cosy
stem
, the
ir re
cove
ry fr
om d
istu
rban
ce –
incl
udin
g se
a le
vel
rise
– is
bel
ieve
d to
be
fairl
y sl
ow, g
iven
the
need
for a
thin
laye
r of p
eat t
o de
velo
p on
the
subs
trate
.
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
C
ranb
erry
Inte
rdun
al S
wal
e Tw
ig R
ush
Inte
rdun
al S
wal
e R
ound
-hea
d R
ush
- Com
mon
Thr
eesq
uare
Inte
rdun
al S
wal
e
Ass
ocia
ted
Spec
ies
of G
reat
est C
onse
rvat
ion
Nee
d In
terd
unal
Wet
land
s Ti
erC
lass
Scie
ntifi
c N
ame
Com
mon
Nam
e1
Inse
cts
Pho
turis
bet
hani
ensi
sB
etha
ny B
each
fire
fly
2In
sect
s C
icin
dela
hirt
icol
lis
beac
h-du
ne ti
ger b
eetle
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
31
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
In
terd
unal
Wet
land
s Is
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al
Dev
elop
men
t Pra
ctic
es
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al S
truct
ures
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Alte
red
Hyd
rolo
gy
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
2N
utrie
nts
and
Sed
imen
ts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
2P
estic
ides
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
2
Indu
stria
l Dev
elop
men
t and
O
pera
tions
A
ir P
ollu
tion
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
4
Tran
spor
tatio
n an
d U
tility
O
pera
tions
and
Mai
nten
ance
Tr
ansp
orta
tion
Infra
stru
ctur
e S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
, Nui
sanc
e A
nim
als
and
Wild
life
Dis
ease
s In
vasi
ve P
lant
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.6
Con
trol o
f Inv
asiv
e P
lant
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.6
Wat
er U
se
Gro
undw
ater
With
draw
als
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of W
ater
Res
ourc
es to
inte
grat
e ke
y ha
bita
t con
serv
atio
n in
to lo
ng-ra
nge
wat
er s
uppl
y pl
anni
ng.
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of W
ater
Res
ourc
es to
inte
grat
e ke
y ha
bita
t con
serv
atio
n in
to p
rote
ctio
n of
“exc
elle
nt g
roun
dwat
er
rech
arge
are
as.”
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t H
abita
t/Wild
life
Man
agem
ent
See
Sec
tion
0
6.1.
9.Pi
edm
ont S
trea
m V
alle
y W
etla
nds
Des
crip
tion
This
is a
som
ewha
t arti
ficia
l gro
upin
g of
wet
land
s tha
t is i
n ne
ed o
f fur
ther
def
initi
on.
Som
e ty
pes r
esul
t fro
m th
e em
erge
nce
of
grou
ndw
ater
on,
or a
t the
bas
e of
, for
este
d sl
opes
abo
ve st
ream
s, w
hile
oth
ers a
re in
or a
djac
ent t
o th
e st
ream
cha
nnel
whe
re th
ey a
re
subj
ect t
o oc
casi
onal
floo
ding
. V
eget
atio
n is
dom
inat
ed b
y se
dges
and
rush
es in
mos
t typ
es, a
lthou
gh so
me
supp
ort a
var
iety
of f
orbs
.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-32
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Vita
l Sta
tistic
s Pi
edm
ont S
trea
m V
alle
y W
etla
nds
Attr
ibut
e To
tal
Prot
ecte
d
HC
C* A
crea
ge
104
56 (5
4%)
HC
C O
ccur
renc
es
85
39 (4
6%)
Kno
wn
SGC
N S
peci
es /
Occ
urre
nces
in H
CC
8 / 8
8
/ 8 (1
00%
/ 10
0%)
SGC
N S
peci
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith H
CC
18
*HC
C =
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
.
Pres
ent C
ondi
tion
Goo
d. M
ost o
f the
se h
abita
ts o
ccur
on
eith
er st
eep
slop
es (s
eepa
ge w
etla
nds)
or r
iver
floo
dpla
ins (
stre
amsi
de w
etla
nds)
whe
re th
ey
are
gene
rally
imm
une
from
dire
ct lo
ss a
s a re
sult
of re
side
ntia
l dev
elop
men
t or o
ther
hab
itat c
onve
rsio
n.Im
pact
s to
seep
age
wet
land
sfr
om g
roun
dwat
er w
ithdr
awal
, to
stre
amsi
de w
etla
nds f
rom
cha
nges
in fl
ow re
gim
es, a
nd to
bot
h ty
pes f
rom
nut
rient
enr
ichm
ent a
reof
con
cern
ove
r the
long
term
. A
num
ber o
f stre
amsi
de w
etla
nds a
re p
rese
ntly
aff
ecte
d by
inva
sive
pla
nts,
whi
ch in
som
e ca
ses c
ould
ac
cele
rate
eut
roph
icat
ion.
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
Pi
edm
ont S
tream
side
See
page
Wet
land
Fo
rest
ed S
eepa
ge S
lope
Wet
land
St
ream
side
Bac
kwat
er M
arsh
St
ream
side
Tus
sock
Mea
dow
Tw
iste
d Se
dge
Sand
Bar
Ass
ocia
ted
Spec
ies
of G
reat
est C
onse
rvat
ion
Nee
d Pi
edm
ont S
trea
m V
alle
y W
etla
nds
Tier
Cla
ssSc
ient
ific
Nam
eC
omm
on N
ame
1In
sect
sP
oane
s m
assa
soit
mul
berr
y w
ing
Eup
hyes
con
spic
ua
blac
k da
sh
Pap
aipe
ma
eupa
torii
eu
pato
rium
bor
er m
oth
Rep
tiles
Gly
ptem
ys m
uhle
nber
gii
bog
turtl
e
2In
sect
s E
uphy
es d
ion
dion
ski
pper
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
33
Pied
mon
t Str
eam
Val
ley
Wet
land
s Ti
erC
lass
Scie
ntifi
c N
ame
Com
mon
Nam
eB
olor
ia s
elen
esi
lver
-bor
dere
d fri
tilla
ry
Bol
oria
sel
ene
myr
ina
myr
ina
fritil
lary
Eup
hydr
yas
phae
ton
Bal
timor
e ch
ecke
rspo
tS
atyr
odes
eur
ydic
eey
ed b
row
nA
cron
icta
con
nect
a a
noct
uid
mot
h P
arap
amea
buf
falo
ensi
s a
bore
r mot
h C
ordu
lega
ster
err
onea
tiger
spi
keta
ilC
ordu
lega
ster
bili
neat
abr
own
spik
etai
lLi
bellu
la fl
avid
aye
llow
-sid
ed s
kim
mer
Sym
petru
m s
emic
inct
umba
nd-w
inge
d m
eado
wha
wk
Am
phib
ians
Eur
ycea
long
icau
dalo
ngta
il sa
lam
ande
r
Rep
tiles
Reg
ina
sept
emvi
ttata
qu
een
snak
e Th
amno
phis
sau
ritus
Ea
ster
n rib
bon
snak
e
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
Pi
edm
ont S
trea
m V
alle
y W
etla
nds
Issu
e C
ateg
ory
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al
Dev
elop
men
t Pra
ctic
es
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al S
truct
ures
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Alte
red
Hyd
rolo
gy
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
2N
utrie
nts
and
Sed
imen
ts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
2P
estic
ides
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
2
Indu
stria
l Dev
elop
men
t and
O
pera
tions
Air
Pol
lutio
n S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Acc
iden
tal S
pills
of T
oxin
s an
d S
ewag
e S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Chr
onic
Wat
er P
ollu
tion
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
4
Tran
spor
tatio
n an
d U
tility
O
pera
tions
and
Mai
nten
ance
Tr
ansp
orta
tion
Infra
stru
ctur
e S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Alte
red
Hyd
rolo
gy
See
Sec
tion
0
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-34
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Pied
mon
t Str
eam
Val
ley
Wet
land
s Is
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
, Nui
sanc
e A
nim
als
and
Wild
life
Dis
ease
s In
vasi
ve P
lant
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.6
Con
trol o
f Inv
asiv
e P
lant
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.6
Wat
er U
se
Dam
Ope
ratio
ns
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of W
ater
Res
ourc
es a
nd w
ater
util
ities
to
eva
luat
e th
e ap
plic
atio
n of
“eco
logi
cally
sus
tain
able
wat
er
man
agem
ent”
prac
tices
to d
am o
pera
tions
to m
inim
ize
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts a
nd S
GC
N.
Gro
undw
ater
With
draw
als
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of W
ater
Res
ourc
es to
inte
grat
e ke
y ha
bita
t con
serv
atio
n in
to lo
ng-ra
nge
wat
er s
uppl
y pl
anni
ng.
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of W
ater
Res
ourc
es to
inte
grat
e ke
y ha
bita
t con
serv
atio
n in
to p
rote
ctio
n of
“exc
elle
nt g
roun
dwat
er
rech
arge
are
as.”
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t H
abita
t/Wild
life
Man
agem
ent
Impl
emen
t the
Bog
Tur
tle R
ecov
ery
Pla
n.
See
Sec
tion
0 fo
r mor
e ac
tions
.
6.1.
10.
Peat
Wet
land
s
Des
crip
tion
Thes
e he
rbac
eous
wet
land
s occ
ur o
n de
ep, m
ucky
pea
t tha
t for
ms i
n op
en-w
ater
dep
ress
ions
, im
poun
dmen
ts, a
nd se
eps w
ithin
a
shru
b-do
min
ated
swam
p m
atrix
. The
y ar
e fo
und
alon
g on
ly a
few
cre
eks i
n so
uthe
rn D
elaw
are.
Sev
eral
rare
pla
nts o
ccur
her
e,
incl
udin
g su
ndew
s and
pur
ple
pitc
her p
lant
.
Vita
l Sta
tistic
s Pe
at W
etla
nds
Attr
ibut
e To
tal
Prot
ecte
d
HC
C* A
crea
ge
41
10 (2
4%)
HC
C O
ccur
renc
es
85
(63%
)
Kno
wn
SGC
N S
peci
es /
Occ
urre
nces
in H
CC
1 / 1
0
/ 0
SGC
N S
peci
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith H
CC
7
*HC
C =
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
35
Pres
ent C
ondi
tion
Goo
d. T
he le
ngth
y pr
oces
s req
uire
d to
form
the
deep
pea
t sub
stra
te o
f thi
s hab
itat i
ndic
ates
a lo
ng a
bsen
ce o
f dis
turb
ance
, a tr
end
whi
ch w
ill c
ontin
ue in
the
near
futu
re –
giv
en th
eir l
ocat
ion
tow
ards
the
inte
rior o
f lar
ger w
etla
nd c
ompl
exes
alo
ng st
ream
s, th
ese
habi
tats
are
wel
l pro
tect
ed fr
om d
irect
loss
due
to h
abita
t con
vers
ion.
Com
mon
reed
inva
sion
has
impa
cted
som
e pe
at w
etla
nds,
and
natu
ral s
ucce
ssio
n m
ay u
ltim
atel
y re
plac
e th
ese
habi
tats
with
ano
ther
type
of c
omm
unity
, alth
ough
succ
essi
on a
ppea
rs to
pro
ceed
extre
mel
y sl
owly
. Th
e ef
fect
of s
ea le
vel r
ise
may
be
subs
tant
ial,
sinc
e th
e sl
ow d
evel
opm
ent o
f the
se w
etla
nds m
ay b
e ov
erw
helm
ed
by ri
sing
wat
er le
vels
.
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
M
ixed
Her
b D
eep
Peat
Wet
land
Ass
ocia
ted
Spec
ies
of G
reat
est C
onse
rvat
ion
Nee
d Pe
at W
etla
nds
Tier
Cla
ssSc
ient
ific
Nam
eC
omm
on N
ame
1In
sect
s E
xyra
fax
pitc
her p
lant
mot
h P
apai
pem
a ap
pass
iona
ta
pitc
her p
lant
bor
er m
oth
2In
sect
s
Pap
aipe
ma
sten
ocel
is
chai
n fe
rn b
orer
mot
h X
estia
you
ngii
You
ng b
lueb
erry
dar
t G
omph
aesc
hna
antil
ope
tape
r-tai
led
darn
er
Arg
ia b
ipun
ctul
ata
seep
age
danc
er
Neh
alen
nia
grac
ilis
spha
gnum
spr
ite
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
Pe
at W
etla
nds
Issu
e C
ateg
ory
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al
Dev
elop
men
t Pra
ctic
es
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al S
truct
ures
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Alte
red
Hyd
rolo
gy
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
2N
utrie
nts
and
Sed
imen
ts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
2P
estic
ides
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
2
Agr
icul
tura
l and
For
estry
O
pera
tions
D
itchi
ng a
nd D
rain
ing
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of S
oil a
nd W
ater
Con
serv
atio
n to
pr
ovid
e in
cent
ives
to ta
x di
tch
asso
ciat
ions
to im
plem
ent
BM
Ps
that
min
imiz
e im
pact
s to
key
hab
itats
.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-36
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Peat
Wet
land
s Is
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Alte
red
Hyd
rolo
gy
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3N
utrie
nts
and
Sed
imen
ts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3P
estic
ides
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3
Indu
stria
l Dev
elop
men
t and
O
pera
tions
Air
Pol
lutio
n S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Acc
iden
tal S
pills
of T
oxin
s an
d S
ewag
e S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Chr
onic
Wat
er P
ollu
tion
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
4S
edim
ents
from
San
d an
d G
rave
l Qua
rryin
g S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Tran
spor
tatio
n an
d U
tility
O
pera
tions
and
Mai
nten
ance
Tr
ansp
orta
tion
Infra
stru
ctur
e S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Alte
red
Hyd
rolo
gy
See
Sec
tion
0
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
, Nui
sanc
e A
nim
als
and
Wild
life
Dis
ease
s In
vasi
ve P
lant
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.6
Con
trol o
f Inv
asiv
e P
lant
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.6
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t H
abita
t/Wild
life
Man
agem
ent
See
Sec
tion
0
6.1.
11.
Riv
erin
e A
quat
ic a
nd S
ubm
erge
d Ve
geta
tion
Des
crip
tion
Thes
e ha
bita
ts a
re c
hara
cter
ized
by
plan
ts th
at a
re e
ither
ent
irely
subm
erge
d or
that
floa
t on
the
wat
er su
rfac
e in
stre
am c
hann
els a
nd
back
wat
ers.
The
y ar
e fo
und
thro
ugho
ut th
e C
oast
al P
lain
, mos
t ext
ensi
vely
in th
e N
antic
oke
wat
ersh
ed.
Vita
l Sta
tistic
s R
iver
ine
Aqu
atic
and
Sub
mer
ged
Vege
tatio
n A
ttrib
ute
Tota
l Pr
otec
ted
HC
C* A
crea
ge
75
10 (1
3%)
HC
C O
ccur
renc
es
84
(50%
)
Kno
wn
SGC
N S
peci
es /
Occ
urre
nces
in H
CC
0 / 0
--
SGC
N S
peci
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith H
CC
1
*HC
C =
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
37
Pres
ent C
ondi
tion
Poor
. Ev
en th
ough
subs
tant
ial b
eds o
f aqu
atic
veg
etat
ion
rem
ain
in tw
o riv
er sy
stem
s, th
is is
thou
ght t
o re
pres
ent a
sign
ifica
nt lo
ss
with
in h
isto
ric ti
mes
from
cha
nnel
izat
ion,
sedi
men
tatio
n, n
utrie
nt e
nric
hmen
t and
stre
am fl
ow c
hang
es.
The
curr
ent s
ituat
ion
is n
o be
tter,
with
gai
ns in
rece
nt d
ecad
es fr
om p
oint
sour
ce w
ater
pol
lutio
n co
ntro
ls p
roba
bly
offs
et b
y m
ore
inte
nsiv
e ro
w c
rop
farm
ing
and
incr
ease
d ap
plic
atio
n of
pou
ltry
was
tes t
o ag
ricul
tura
l fie
lds i
n C
oast
al P
lain
site
s. N
on-p
oint
sour
ce p
ollu
tion
and
chan
ges i
n st
ream
flo
ws f
rom
exp
andi
ng re
side
ntia
l dev
elop
men
t are
exp
ecte
d to
furth
er d
egra
de a
nd/o
r dim
inis
h th
ese
habi
tats
in th
e fu
ture
. Se
eSe
ctio
n6.
1.16
for m
ore
info
rmat
ion
abou
t the
con
ditio
n of
non
-tida
l Coa
stal
Pla
in st
ream
s.
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
M
ixed
Spe
cies
Sub
mer
gent
Veg
etat
ion
Subm
erge
d Ta
pegr
ass C
omm
unity
Ass
ocia
ted
Spec
ies
of G
reat
est C
onse
rvat
ion
Nee
d R
iver
ine
Aqu
atic
and
Sub
mer
ged
Vege
tatio
n Ti
erC
lass
Scie
ntifi
c N
ame
Com
mon
Nam
e2
Inse
cts
Isch
nura
kel
licot
tilil
ypad
fork
tail
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
R
iver
ine
Aqu
atic
and
Sub
mer
ged
Vege
tatio
n Is
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al
Dev
elop
men
t Pra
ctic
es
Alte
red
Hyd
rolo
gy
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
2N
utrie
nts
and
Sed
imen
ts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
2P
estic
ides
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
2
Agr
icul
tura
l and
For
estry
O
pera
tions
Ditc
hing
and
Dra
inin
g W
ork
with
the
Div
isio
n of
Soi
l and
Wat
er C
onse
rvat
ion
to
prov
ide
ince
ntiv
es fo
r tax
ditc
h as
soci
atio
ns to
impl
emen
t B
MP
s th
at m
inim
ize
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts.
Alte
red
Hyd
rolo
gy
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3N
utrie
nts
and
Sed
imen
ts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3P
estic
ides
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3
Indu
stria
l Dev
elop
men
t and
O
pera
tions
Air
Pol
lutio
n S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Acc
iden
tal S
pills
of T
oxin
s an
d S
ewag
e S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Chr
onic
Wat
er P
ollu
tion
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
4
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-38
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Riv
erin
e A
quat
ic a
nd S
ubm
erge
d Ve
geta
tion
Issu
e C
ateg
ory
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n S
edim
ents
from
San
d an
d G
rave
l Qua
rryin
g S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Tran
spor
tatio
n an
d U
tility
O
pera
tions
and
Mai
nten
ance
Tran
spor
tatio
n In
frast
ruct
ure
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
1
Alte
red
Hyd
rolo
gy
See
Sec
tion
0
Cha
nnel
Dre
dgin
g W
ork
with
the
Div
isio
n of
Wat
er R
esou
rces
and
the
US
Arm
y C
orps
of E
ngin
eers
to in
tegr
ate
key
habi
tat a
nd S
GC
N
cons
erva
tion
into
dre
dgin
g pl
ans.
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
, Nui
sanc
e A
nim
als
and
Wild
life
Dis
ease
s
Mut
e S
wan
C
ontin
ue im
plem
enta
tion
of th
e D
FW m
ute
swan
m
anag
emen
t pla
n.
Inva
sive
Pla
nts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
6
Wat
er U
se
Dam
Ope
ratio
ns
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of W
ater
Res
ourc
es a
nd w
ater
util
ities
to
eva
luat
e th
e ap
plic
atio
n of
“eco
logi
cally
sus
tain
able
wat
er
man
agem
ent”
prac
tices
to d
am o
pera
tions
to m
inim
ize
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts a
nd S
GC
N.
Sur
face
Wat
er W
ithdr
awal
s W
ork
with
the
Div
isio
n of
Wat
er R
esou
rces
to in
tegr
ate
key
habi
tat a
nd S
GC
N c
onse
rvat
ion
into
sta
te w
ater
qua
lity
stan
dard
s fo
r low
flow
s.
Rec
reat
iona
l Act
iviti
es
Rec
reat
iona
l Use
on
Foot
and
with
Boa
ts,
Per
sona
l Wat
ercr
aft a
nd O
ff-R
oad
Veh
icle
s S
ee S
ectio
n 0
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t H
abita
t/Wild
life
Man
agem
ent
See
Sec
tion
0
6.1.
12.
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
For
este
d an
d Sc
rub-
Shru
b W
etla
nds
Des
crip
tion
This
gro
up o
f wet
land
s ran
ges f
rom
thin
ly fo
rest
ed ty
pes t
o th
ose
dom
inat
ed b
y sm
all t
rees
and
shru
bs.
They
are
typi
cally
foun
d at
the
head
of t
ide
or a
long
the
frin
ges o
f tid
al c
reek
s, w
here
tida
l flo
odin
g is
irre
gula
r.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
39
Vita
l Sta
tistic
s Fr
eshw
ater
Tid
al F
ores
ted
and
Scru
b-Sh
rub
Wet
land
s A
ttrib
ute
Tota
l Pr
otec
ted
HC
C* A
crea
ge
3,09
5 1,
187
(38%
)
HC
C O
ccur
renc
es
501
117
(23%
)
Kno
wn
SGC
N S
peci
es /
Occ
urre
nces
in H
CC
13 /
16
5 / 6
(38%
/ 38
%)
SGC
N S
peci
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith H
CC
4
*HC
C =
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
.
Pres
ent C
ondi
tion
Fair.
Alth
ough
seld
om d
estro
yed
outri
ght,
thes
e ha
bita
ts h
ave
been
som
ewha
t im
pact
ed b
y di
tchi
ng, d
redg
ing
and
chan
neliz
atio
n.Th
ey a
lso
have
long
bee
n su
bjec
t to
incr
emen
tal d
egra
datio
n ar
isin
g fr
om in
com
patib
le la
nd u
se p
ract
ices
ups
lope
, ofte
n m
agni
fied
by
the
freq
uent
loss
of a
djac
ent b
uffe
rs.
Whe
re th
ese
buff
ers n
o lo
nger
exi
st, o
ppor
tuni
ties f
or m
igra
tion
inla
nd in
the
face
of s
ea le
vel
rise
will
be
limite
d.
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
A
tlant
ic W
hite
Ced
ar -
Red
Map
le -
Pum
pkin
Ash
Fre
shw
ater
Tid
al S
wam
p R
ed M
aple
- A
sh T
idal
Sw
amp
Smoo
th A
lder
- Si
lky
Dog
woo
d Sh
rub
Swam
p
Ass
ocia
ted
Spec
ies
of G
reat
est C
onse
rvat
ion
Nee
d Fr
eshw
ater
Tid
al F
ores
ted
and
Scru
b-Sh
rub
Wet
land
s Ti
erC
lass
Scie
ntifi
c N
ame
Com
mon
Nam
e
2In
sect
s
Atli
des
hale
sus
grea
t pur
ple
hairs
treak
Man
duca
jasm
inea
rum
ash
sphi
nxA
cron
icta
con
nect
aa
noct
uid
mot
hP
apai
pem
a st
enoc
elis
ch
ain
fern
bor
er m
oth
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-40
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
Fr
eshw
ater
Tid
al F
ores
ted
and
Scru
b-Sh
rub
Wet
land
s Is
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al
Dev
elop
men
t Pra
ctic
es
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al S
truct
ures
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Nut
rient
s an
d S
edim
ents
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.2
Pes
ticid
esS
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.2
Pie
rs a
nd D
ocks
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.2
Agr
icul
tura
l and
For
estry
O
pera
tions
Farm
land
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Alte
red
Hyd
rolo
gy
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3N
utrie
nts
and
Sed
imen
ts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3P
estic
ides
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3C
lear
cutti
ng a
nd O
ther
For
estry
Pra
ctic
es
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3
Sho
relin
e P
rote
ctio
n P
ract
ices
A
rtific
ial S
hore
line
Har
deni
ng
Pro
vide
ince
ntiv
es fo
r priv
ate
land
owne
rs to
rest
ore
wet
land
s, in
pla
ce o
f ins
tallin
g bu
lkhe
ads
and
reve
tmen
ts, t
o m
inim
ize
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts.
Indu
stria
l Dev
elop
men
t and
O
pera
tions
Indu
stria
l Fac
ilitie
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Air
Pol
lutio
n S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Acc
iden
tal S
pills
of T
oxin
s an
d S
ewag
e S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Chr
onic
Wat
er P
ollu
tion
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
4S
edim
ents
from
San
d an
d G
rave
l Qua
rryin
g S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Tran
spor
tatio
n an
d U
tility
O
pera
tions
and
Mai
nten
ance
Tran
spor
tatio
n In
frast
ruct
ure
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
1U
tility
Cor
ridor
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Dre
dge
Spo
il D
ispo
sal
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
1
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
, Nui
sanc
e A
nim
als
and
Wild
life
Dis
ease
s In
vasi
ve P
lant
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.6
Sol
id W
aste
Dis
posa
l La
ndfil
l Fac
ilitie
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Sea
Lev
el R
ise
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
7
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t H
abita
t/Wild
life
Man
agem
ent
See
Sec
tion
0
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
41
6.1.
13.
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
Mar
shes
Des
crip
tion
Thes
e ar
e w
etla
nds o
f the
inte
rtida
l zon
e ab
ove
the
reac
h of
salin
e w
ater
s, ch
arac
teriz
ed b
y th
e co
mpl
ete
abse
nce
of w
oody
pla
nts.
Veg
etat
ion
is sp
arse
in so
me
type
s (e.
g. q
uillw
ort f
lat)
but e
xtre
mel
y de
nse
in o
ther
s (e.
g. m
ixed
bro
adle
af m
arsh
). T
he m
ixed
broa
dlea
f mar
sh is
foun
d th
roug
hout
the
Coa
stal
Pla
in, f
rom
the
Chr
istin
a to
the
Nan
ticok
e, w
hile
the
othe
rs h
ave
mor
e re
stric
ted
dist
ribut
ions
.
Vita
l Sta
tistic
s Fr
eshw
ater
Tid
al M
arsh
es
Attr
ibut
e To
tal
Prot
ecte
d
HC
C* A
crea
ge
5,97
6 2,
933
(49%
)
HC
C O
ccur
renc
es
325
89 (2
7%)
Kno
wn
SGC
N S
peci
es /
Occ
urre
nces
in H
CC
24 /
25
12 /
12 (5
0% /
48%
)
SGC
N S
peci
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith H
CC
24
*HC
C =
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
.
Pres
ent C
ondi
tion
Fair.
As w
ith th
e fo
rest
ed w
etla
nds a
bove
, the
se m
arsh
es h
ave
suff
ered
rela
tivel
y lit
tle o
utrig
ht d
estru
ctio
n fr
om h
abita
t con
vers
ion,
but h
ave
been
subj
ecte
d to
the
sam
e im
pact
s fro
m o
ffsi
te so
urce
s. H
owev
er, t
here
has
bee
n su
bsta
ntia
l con
tract
ion
of th
ese
mar
shes
from
saltw
ater
intru
sion
, esp
ecia
lly a
long
stre
ams d
rain
ing
into
Del
awar
e B
ay.
Som
e ha
ve a
lso
expe
rienc
ed in
vasi
on b
y co
mm
on
reed
. Ev
en th
ough
non
-for
este
d w
etla
nds s
uch
as th
ese
mig
ht b
e ex
pect
ed to
mig
rate
land
war
d w
ith li
ttle
troub
le in
resp
onse
to ri
sing
se
a le
vels
, the
y m
ay in
fact
be
sign
ifica
ntly
redu
ced
by th
e ac
com
pany
ing
saltw
ater
intru
sion
. In
som
e ar
eas,
mig
ratio
n m
ay a
lso
be
impe
ded
by d
ams o
r ste
ep st
ream
val
ley
slop
es.
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
M
ixed
Bro
adle
af F
resh
wat
er T
idal
Mar
sh
Sea
Leve
l Fen
Fr
eshw
ater
Inte
rtida
l Qui
llwor
t Fla
t
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-42
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Ass
ocia
ted
Spec
ies
of G
reat
est C
onse
rvat
ion
Nee
d Fr
eshw
ater
Tid
al M
arsh
es
Tier
Cla
ssSc
ient
ific
Nam
eC
omm
on N
ame
1
Inse
cts
Poa
nes
mas
saso
it ch
erm
ocki
Che
rmoc
k's
mul
berr
y w
ing
Nan
noth
emis
bel
lael
fin s
kim
mer
Rep
tiles
Cle
mm
ys g
utta
ta
spot
ted
turtl
e
Bird
s
Pod
ilym
bus
podi
ceps
pi
ed-b
illed
greb
e N
yctic
orax
nyc
ticor
ax
blac
k-cr
owne
d ni
ght-h
eron
N
ycta
nass
a vi
olac
ea
yello
w-c
row
ned
nigh
t-her
on
Pan
dion
hal
iaet
us
ospr
ey
2
Inse
cts
Lyca
ena
hyllu
sbr
onze
cop
per
Pap
aipe
ma
bird
ium
bellif
er b
orer
mot
hLi
bellu
la a
xile
naba
r-w
inge
d sk
imm
erA
rgia
bip
unct
ulat
ase
epag
e da
ncer
Neh
alen
nia
grac
ilissp
hagn
um s
prite
Bird
s
Bot
auru
s le
ntig
inos
us
Am
eric
an b
itter
n Ix
obry
chus
exi
lis
leas
t bitt
ern
Ard
ea h
erod
ias
grea
t blu
e he
ron
Cas
mer
odiu
s al
bus
grea
t egr
et
Egr
etta
thul
asn
owy
egre
tE
gret
ta c
aeru
lea
little
blu
e he
ron
Egr
etta
tric
olor
tri
colo
red
hero
n B
ubul
cus
ibis
ca
ttle
egre
t A
nas
plat
yrhy
ncho
s m
alla
rdR
allu
s el
egan
ski
ng ra
ilP
orza
na c
arol
ina
sora
Dol
icho
nyx
oryz
ivor
us
bobo
link
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
43
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
Fr
eshw
ater
Tid
al M
arsh
es
Issu
e C
ateg
ory
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al
Dev
elop
men
t Pra
ctic
es
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al S
truct
ures
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Nut
rient
s an
d S
edim
ents
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.2
Pes
ticid
esS
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.2
Pie
rs a
nd D
ocks
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.2
Agr
icul
tura
l and
For
estry
O
pera
tions
Farm
land
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Nut
rient
s an
d S
edim
ents
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.3
Pes
ticid
esS
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.3
Cle
arcu
tting
and
Oth
er F
ores
try P
ract
ices
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.3
Sho
relin
e P
rote
ctio
n P
ract
ices
A
rtific
ial S
hore
line
Har
deni
ng
Pro
vide
ince
ntiv
es fo
r priv
ate
land
owne
rs to
rest
ore
wet
land
s, in
pla
ce o
f ins
tallin
g bu
lkhe
ads
and
reve
tmen
ts, t
o m
inim
ize
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts.
Indu
stria
l Dev
elop
men
t and
O
pera
tions
Indu
stria
l Fac
ilitie
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Air
Pol
lutio
n S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Acc
iden
tal S
pills
of T
oxin
s an
d S
ewag
e S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Chr
onic
Wat
er P
ollu
tion
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
4S
edim
ents
from
San
d an
d G
rave
l Qua
rryin
g S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Tran
spor
tatio
n an
d U
tility
O
pera
tions
and
Mai
nten
ance
Tr
ansp
orta
tion
Infra
stru
ctur
e S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Dre
dge
Spo
il D
ispo
sal
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
1
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
, Nui
sanc
e A
nim
als
and
Wild
life
Dis
ease
s In
vasi
ve P
lant
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.6
Con
trol o
f Inv
asiv
e P
lant
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.6
Sol
id W
aste
Dis
posa
l La
ndfil
l Fac
ilitie
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Sea
Lev
el R
ise
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
7
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t H
abita
t/Wild
life
Man
agem
ent
See
Sec
tion
0
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-44
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
6.1.
14.
Tida
l Hig
h M
arsh
es
Des
crip
tion
Thes
e ar
e us
ually
the
mor
e la
ndw
ard
of th
e co
asta
l sal
t mar
shes
, occ
urrin
g at
a sl
ight
ly h
ighe
r ele
vatio
n w
here
they
are
subj
ecte
d to
a
shor
ter p
erio
d of
tida
l inu
ndat
ion.
Mos
t typ
es c
onsi
st a
lmos
t ent
irely
of g
rass
es, s
edge
s and
rush
es, b
ut a
few
(e.g
. bis
hop-
wee
dm
arsh
) are
com
pose
d pr
imar
ily o
f bro
adle
af p
lant
s. M
appi
ng o
f man
y Sp
artin
a H
igh
Salt
Mar
shes
was
acc
ompl
ishe
d th
roug
h ha
bita
tm
odel
ing
base
d on
aer
ial p
hoto
grap
h in
terp
reta
tion,
and
thes
e si
tes r
equi
re fi
eld
verif
icat
ion.
Vita
l Sta
tistic
s Ti
dal H
igh
Mar
shes
A
ttrib
ute
Tota
l Pr
otec
ted
HC
C* A
crea
ge
8,08
7 5,
740
(71%
)
HC
C O
ccur
renc
es
277
140
(51%
)
Kno
wn
SGC
N S
peci
es /
Occ
urre
nces
in H
CC
5 / 5
5
/ 5 (1
00%
/ 10
0%)
SGC
N S
peci
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith H
CC
26
*HC
C =
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
.
Pres
ent C
ondi
tion
Fair.
Eve
n th
ough
the
maj
ority
of t
hese
hab
itats
are
pro
tect
ed o
n st
ate
land
, the
y ha
ve b
een
subj
ecte
d to
a n
umbe
r of s
igni
fican
t im
pact
s in
hist
oric
tim
es, e
spec
ially
har
vest
ing
of “
salt
mar
sh h
ay,”
con
vers
ion
to im
poun
dmen
ts a
nd m
anag
emen
t for
mos
quito
co
ntro
l. T
he fi
rst t
wo
have
larg
ely
ceas
ed, b
ut m
osqu
ito c
ontro
l eff
orts
con
tinue
toda
y by
use
of O
pen
Mar
sh W
ater
Man
agem
ent
(OM
WM
). P
ublis
hed
repo
rts in
dica
te fe
w e
ffec
ts fr
om th
is m
anag
emen
t on
an a
rray
of s
peci
es a
nd h
abita
t mea
sure
s. H
owev
er, t
here
was
suff
icie
nt c
once
rn a
bout
OM
WM
impa
cts o
n bl
ack
rail
– a
poss
ible
indi
cato
r spe
cies
for T
idal
Hig
h M
arsh
– to
lead
to a
ces
satio
n of
this
pra
ctic
e in
Mar
ylan
d in
the
early
199
0s.
Circ
umst
antia
l evi
denc
e fr
om a
t lea
st o
ne si
te in
Del
awar
e su
ppor
ts th
is c
once
rn, a
nd
the
issu
e w
arra
nts f
urth
er st
udy.
The
par
ticul
ar to
pogr
aphi
c se
tting
of t
hese
mar
shes
, adj
acen
t to
upla
nds,
mak
es la
ndw
ard
mig
ratio
nin
the
face
of s
ea le
vel r
ise
high
ly p
robl
emat
ic.
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
Sp
artin
a H
igh
Salt
Mar
sh
Bis
hop-
wee
d –
Mix
ed S
peci
es B
rack
ish
Mar
sh
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
45
Ass
ocia
ted
Spec
ies
of G
reat
est C
onse
rvat
ion
Nee
d
Tida
l Hig
h M
arsh
es
Tier
Cla
ssSc
ient
ific
Nam
eC
omm
on N
ame
1
Inse
cts
Pro
blem
a bu
lent
a ra
re s
kipp
er
Bird
s
Nyc
ticor
ax n
yctic
orax
bl
ack-
crow
ned
nigh
t-her
on
Nyc
tana
ssa
viol
acea
ye
llow
-cro
wne
d ni
ght-h
eron
A
nas
rubr
ipes
Am
eric
an b
lack
duc
kC
ircus
cya
neus
Nor
ther
n ha
rrier
Late
rallu
s ja
mai
cens
isbl
ack
rail
Asi
o fla
mm
eus
shor
t-ear
ed o
wl
Cis
toth
orus
pla
tens
isse
dge
wre
nA
mm
odra
mus
cau
dacu
tus
saltm
arsh
sha
rp-ta
iled
spar
row
A
mm
odra
mus
mar
itim
usse
asid
e sp
arro
wM
elos
piza
geo
rgia
na n
igre
scen
s C
oast
al P
lain
sw
amp
spar
row
2
Inse
cts
Per
o za
lissa
ria
a ge
omet
er m
oth
Aco
ntia
del
ecta
a no
ctui
d m
oth
Pap
aipe
ma
bird
i um
bellif
er b
orer
mot
h B
rach
ymes
ia g
ravi
da
four
-spo
tted
penn
ant
Bird
s
Bot
auru
s le
ntig
inos
usA
mer
ican
bitt
ern
Ixob
rych
us e
xilis
le
ast b
itter
n A
rdea
her
odia
s gr
eat b
lue
hero
n C
asm
erod
ius
albu
s gr
eat e
gret
E
gret
ta th
ula
snow
y eg
ret
Egr
etta
cae
rule
a lit
tle b
lue
hero
n E
gret
ta tr
icol
or
trico
lore
d he
ron
Bub
ulcu
s ib
is
cattl
e eg
ret
Por
zana
car
olin
a so
ra
Fulic
a am
eric
ana
Am
eric
an c
oot
Tyto
alb
a ba
rn o
wl
Cis
toth
orus
pal
ustri
s m
arsh
wre
n
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-46
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
Ti
dal H
igh
Mar
shes
Is
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al
Dev
elop
men
t Pra
ctic
es
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al S
truct
ures
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Nut
rient
s an
d S
edim
ents
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.2
Pes
ticid
esS
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.2
Pie
rs a
nd D
ocks
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.2
Agr
icul
tura
l and
For
estry
O
pera
tions
Farm
land
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Nut
rient
s an
d S
edim
ents
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.3
Pes
ticid
esS
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.3
Cle
arcu
tting
and
Oth
er F
ores
try P
ract
ices
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.3
Indu
stria
l Dev
elop
men
t and
O
pera
tions
Indu
stria
l Fac
ilitie
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Air
Pol
lutio
n S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Acc
iden
tal S
pills
of T
oxin
s an
d S
ewag
e S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Chr
onic
Wat
er P
ollu
tion
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
4S
edim
ents
from
San
d an
d G
rave
l Qua
rryin
g S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Tran
spor
tatio
n an
d U
tility
O
pera
tions
and
Mai
nten
ance
Tran
spor
tatio
n In
frast
ruct
ure
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
1U
tility
Cor
ridor
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Dre
dge
Spo
il D
ispo
sal
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
1
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
, Nui
sanc
e A
nim
als
and
Wild
life
Dis
ease
s
Nut
ria
Ass
ess
the
pote
ntia
l for
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts, m
onito
r po
pula
tions
, and
dev
elop
ada
ptiv
e m
anag
emen
t stra
tegi
es if
ne
cess
ary.
Sno
w G
oose
and
Res
iden
t Can
ada
Goo
se
Incr
ease
goo
se h
arve
st o
n st
ate
land
s as
nec
essa
ry to
re
duce
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts.
Enc
oura
ge fe
dera
l and
NG
O c
onse
rvat
ion
land
man
ager
s to
in
crea
se g
oose
har
vest
as
nece
ssar
y to
redu
ce im
pact
s to
ke
y ha
bita
ts.
Dev
elop
edu
catio
n an
d ou
treac
h en
cour
agin
g la
ndow
ners
to
incr
ease
goo
se h
arve
st o
n pr
ivat
e la
nds
as n
eces
sary
to
redu
ce im
pact
s to
key
hab
itats
.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
47
Tida
l Hig
h M
arsh
es
Issu
e C
ateg
ory
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
Mut
e S
wan
C
ontin
ue im
plem
enta
tion
of th
e D
FW m
ute
swan
m
anag
emen
t pla
n.
Con
trol o
f Mos
quito
es a
nd F
ores
t Pes
ts B
y A
eria
l App
licat
ion
Wor
k w
ith th
e M
osqu
ito C
ontro
l Sec
tion
to a
sses
s an
d m
onito
r the
impa
cts
of a
eria
l app
licat
ion
on S
GC
N in
sect
s,
and
on th
e pr
ey b
ase
of S
GC
N in
sect
ivor
ous
bird
s, s
mal
l m
amm
als
and
bats
. W
ork
with
the
Mos
quito
Con
trol S
ectio
n to
ada
pt a
eria
l ap
plic
atio
n pr
actic
es fo
r con
serv
atio
n of
SG
CN
, as
nece
ssar
y.
Con
trol o
f Mos
quito
es w
ith O
pen
Mar
sh
Wat
er M
anag
emen
t and
Impo
undm
ent
Man
agem
ent
Wor
k w
ith th
e M
osqu
ito C
ontro
l Sec
tion
to a
sses
s an
d m
onito
r the
impa
cts
of O
pen
Mar
sh W
ater
Man
agem
ent o
n ke
y ha
bita
ts a
nd S
GC
N.
Wor
k w
ith th
e M
osqu
ito C
ontro
l Sec
tion
to a
dapt
Ope
n M
arsh
W
ater
Man
agem
ent p
ract
ices
for c
onse
rvat
ion
of k
ey h
abita
ts
and
SG
CN
, as
nece
ssar
y.
Inva
sive
Pla
nts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
6C
ontro
l of I
nvas
ive
Pla
nts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
6
Sol
id W
aste
Dis
posa
l La
ndfil
l Fac
ilitie
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Sea
Lev
el R
ise
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
7
Rec
reat
iona
l Act
iviti
es
Rec
reat
iona
l Use
on
Foot
and
with
Boa
ts,
Per
sona
l Wat
ercr
aft a
nd O
ff-R
oad
Veh
icle
s S
ee S
ectio
n 0
Airp
ort O
pera
tions
O
verfl
ight
sC
ontin
ue/e
xpan
d st
udie
s of
dis
turb
ance
of S
GC
N fr
om
over
fligh
ts, a
nd w
ork
with
Dov
er A
ir Fo
rce
Bas
e to
miti
gate
di
stur
banc
e.
Wild
life
Har
vest
ing
Inap
prop
riate
Hun
ting
and
Fish
ing
Stre
ngth
en e
nfor
cem
ent o
f exi
stin
g hu
ntin
g an
d tra
ppin
g re
gula
tions
. In
tegr
ate
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n in
to h
untin
g an
d tra
ppin
g re
gula
tions
. In
corp
orat
e in
form
atio
n ab
out S
GC
N c
onse
rvat
ion
into
the
Hun
ting
and
Trap
ping
Gui
de.
Mai
ntai
n co
mpl
ianc
e w
ith fe
dera
l reg
ulat
ions
.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-48
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Tida
l Hig
h M
arsh
es
Issu
e C
ateg
ory
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n R
esou
rce
Man
agem
ent
Hab
itat/W
ildlif
e M
anag
emen
t S
ee S
ectio
n 0
6.1.
15.
Tida
l Low
Mar
shes
Des
crip
tion
The
mor
e se
awar
d of
the
coas
tal s
alt m
arsh
es, t
hese
hab
itats
are
floo
ded
for l
onge
r per
iods
of t
ime
durin
g da
ily ti
dal c
ycle
s. A
gain
, m
ost t
ypes
are
dom
inat
ed b
y gr
asse
s and
gra
ss-li
ke p
lant
s, al
thou
gh m
udfla
ts m
ay b
e la
rgel
y de
void
of v
ascu
lar p
lant
s.
Vita
l Sta
tistic
s Ti
dal L
ow M
arsh
es
Attr
ibut
e To
tal
Prot
ecte
d
HC
C* A
crea
ge
48,5
33
28,9
56 (6
0%)
HC
C O
ccur
renc
es
904
386
(43%
)
Kno
wn
SGC
N S
peci
es /
Occ
urre
nces
in H
CC
31 /
55
24 /
31 (7
7% /
56%
)
SGC
N S
peci
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith H
CC
42
*HC
C =
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
.
Pres
ent C
ondi
tion
Fair.
Muc
h of
the
vast
acr
eage
of s
parti
na lo
w m
arsh
es is
in c
onse
rvat
ion
owne
rshi
p, a
nd th
at w
hich
is n
ot e
njoy
s sub
stan
tial
prot
ectio
n fr
om st
ate
regu
latio
n of
tida
l wet
land
s. N
onet
hele
ss, t
his h
abita
t was
sign
ifica
ntly
alte
red
thro
ugh
ditc
hing
, dra
inin
g,dr
edgi
ng a
nd fi
lling
unt
il ju
st a
few
dec
ades
ago
. Ex
tens
ive
porti
ons o
f spa
rtina
low
mar
sh h
ave
been
inva
ded
by m
onot
ypic
stan
ds o
f co
mm
on re
ed, a
nd c
ontro
l eff
orts
hav
e be
en li
mite
d bo
th in
scop
e an
d du
ratio
n. A
lso,
“ea
t out
s” fr
om b
urge
onin
g sn
ow g
oose
po
pula
tions
hav
e su
bsta
ntia
lly d
egra
ded
som
e lo
w m
arsh
es in
the
last
20
year
s. In
terti
dal f
lats
face
thre
ats f
rom
sea
leve
l ris
e, ri
p-ra
ppin
g, b
ulk
head
ing
and
asso
ciat
ed d
evel
opm
ent i
ssue
s. L
ow m
arsh
shou
ld b
e ca
pabl
e of
mig
ratin
g la
ndw
ard
in re
spon
se to
sea
leve
l ris
e –
in p
art a
t the
exp
ense
of T
idal
Hig
h M
arsh
es –
alth
ough
man
y m
arsh
es la
ck su
ffic
ient
buf
fers
to a
ccom
mod
ate
this
shift
.
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
Sp
artin
a Lo
w S
alt M
arsh
U
nveg
etat
ed In
terti
dal M
udfla
t
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
49
Ass
ocia
ted
Spec
ies
of G
reat
est C
onse
rvat
ion
Nee
d Ti
dal L
ow M
arsh
es
Tier
Cla
ssSc
ient
ific
Nam
eC
omm
on N
ame
1
Inse
cts
Pro
blem
a bu
lent
a ra
re s
kipp
er
Rep
tiles
Mal
acle
mys
terr
apin
terr
apin
Nor
ther
n di
amon
dbac
k te
rrapi
n
Bird
s
Pod
ilym
bus
podi
ceps
pi
ed-b
illed
greb
e N
yctic
orax
nyc
ticor
ax
blac
k-cr
owne
d ni
ght-h
eron
N
ycta
nass
a vi
olac
ea
yello
w-c
row
ned
nigh
t-her
on
Bra
nta
cana
dens
is
Can
ada
goos
e (m
igra
tory
) A
nas
rubr
ipes
A
mer
ican
bla
ck d
uck
Circ
us c
yane
us
Nor
ther
n ha
rrier
A
rena
ria in
terp
res
rudd
y tu
rnst
one
Cal
idris
can
utus
red
knot
Ste
rna
hiru
ndo
com
mon
tern
S
tern
a fo
rste
riFo
rste
r's te
rnR
ynch
ops
nige
r bl
ack
skim
mer
A
sio
flam
meu
ssh
ort-e
ared
ow
lA
mm
odra
mus
cau
dacu
tus
saltm
arsh
sha
rp-ta
iled
spar
row
Am
mod
ram
us m
ariti
mus
se
asid
e sp
arro
w
2
Inse
cts
Cic
inde
la m
argi
nata
mar
gine
d tig
er b
eetle
P
ero
zalis
saria
a
geom
eter
mot
h A
cont
ia d
elec
ta
a no
ctui
d m
oth
Bra
chym
esia
gra
vida
fo
ur-s
potte
d pe
nnan
t
Bird
s
Pel
ecan
us o
ccid
enta
lis
brow
n pe
lican
P
hala
croc
orax
car
bo
grea
t cor
mor
ant
Pha
lacr
ocor
ax a
uritu
s do
uble
-cre
sted
cor
mor
ant
Ard
ea h
erod
ias
grea
t blu
e he
ron
Cas
mer
odiu
s al
bus
grea
t egr
et
Egr
etta
thul
a sn
owy
egre
t E
gret
ta c
aeru
lea
little
blu
e he
ron
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-50
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Tida
l Low
Mar
shes
Ti
erC
lass
Scie
ntifi
c N
ame
Com
mon
Nam
eE
gret
ta tr
icol
or
trico
lore
d he
ron
Bub
ulcu
s ib
is
cattl
e eg
ret
Ple
gadi
s fa
lcin
ellu
s gl
ossy
ibis
A
nas
plat
yrhy
ncho
s m
alla
rdFa
lco
pere
grin
us
pere
grin
e fa
lcon
R
allu
s el
egan
s ki
ng ra
il Fu
lica
amer
ican
a A
mer
ican
coo
t P
luvi
alis
squ
atar
ola
blac
k-be
llied
plov
erH
iman
topu
s m
exic
anus
bl
ack-
neck
ed s
tilt
Cat
optro
phor
us s
emip
alm
atus
will
etC
alid
ris p
usilla
se
mip
alm
ated
san
dpip
er
Cal
idris
alp
ina
dunl
in
Ste
rna
nilo
tica
gull-
bille
d te
rnTy
to a
lba
barn
ow
l C
isto
thor
us p
alus
tris
mar
sh w
ren
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
Ti
dal L
ow M
arsh
es
Issu
e C
ateg
ory
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al
Dev
elop
men
t Pra
ctic
es
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al S
truct
ures
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Nut
rient
s an
d S
edim
ents
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.2
Pes
ticid
esS
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.2
Pie
rs a
nd D
ocks
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.2
Agr
icul
tura
l and
For
estry
O
pera
tions
N
utrie
nts
and
Sed
imen
ts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3P
estic
ides
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3
Sho
relin
e P
rote
ctio
n P
ract
ices
A
rtific
ial S
hore
line
Har
deni
ng
Pro
vide
ince
ntiv
es fo
r priv
ate
land
owne
rs to
rest
ore
wet
land
s, in
pla
ce o
f ins
tallin
g bu
lkhe
ads
and
reve
tmen
ts, t
o m
inim
ize
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
51
Tida
l Low
Mar
shes
Is
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Indu
stria
l Dev
elop
men
t and
O
pera
tions
Air
Pol
lutio
n S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Acc
iden
tal S
pills
of T
oxin
s an
d S
ewag
e S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Chr
onic
Wat
er P
ollu
tion
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
4S
edim
ents
from
San
d an
d G
rave
l Qua
rryin
g S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Tran
spor
tatio
n an
d U
tility
O
pera
tions
and
Mai
nten
ance
Tran
spor
tatio
n In
frast
ruct
ure
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
1U
tility
Cor
ridor
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Com
mer
cial
Shi
ps a
nd B
oats
D
evel
op e
duca
tion
and
outre
ach
for s
hip
and
boat
ope
rato
rs
abou
t the
impa
cts
of w
akes
on
shor
elin
es.
Pos
t and
enf
orce
“no
wak
e” z
ones
to p
rote
ct k
ey h
abita
ts.
Dre
dge
Spo
il D
ispo
sal
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
1
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
, Nui
sanc
e A
nim
als
and
Wild
life
Dis
ease
s
Nut
ria
Ass
ess
the
pote
ntia
l for
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts, m
onito
r po
pula
tions
, and
dev
elop
ada
ptiv
e m
anag
emen
t stra
tegi
es if
ne
cess
ary.
Sno
w G
oose
and
Res
iden
t Can
ada
Goo
se
Wor
k w
ith h
unte
rs to
incr
ease
goo
se h
arve
st o
n st
ate
land
s as
nec
essa
ry to
redu
ce im
pact
s to
key
hab
itats
. E
ncou
rage
fede
ral a
nd N
GO
con
serv
atio
n la
nd m
anag
ers
to
incr
ease
goo
se h
arve
st a
s ne
cess
ary
to re
duce
impa
cts
to
key
habi
tats
. D
evel
op e
duca
tion
and
outre
ach
enco
urag
ing
land
owne
rs to
in
crea
se g
oose
har
vest
on
priv
ate
land
s as
nec
essa
ry to
re
duce
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts.
Mut
e S
wan
C
ontin
ue im
plem
enta
tion
of th
e D
FW m
ute
swan
m
anag
emen
t pla
n.
Con
trol o
f Mos
quito
es a
nd F
ores
t Pes
ts B
y A
eria
l App
licat
ion
of P
estic
ides
Wor
k w
ith th
e M
osqu
ito C
ontro
l Sec
tion
to a
sses
s an
d m
onito
r the
impa
cts
of a
eria
l app
licat
ion
on S
GC
N in
sect
s,
and
on th
e pr
ey b
ase
of S
GC
N in
sect
ivor
ous
bird
s, s
mal
l m
amm
als
and
bats
. W
ork
with
the
Mos
quito
Con
trol S
ectio
n to
ada
pt a
eria
l ap
plic
atio
n pr
actic
es fo
r con
serv
atio
n of
SG
CN
, as
nece
ssar
y.
Inva
sive
Pla
nts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
6
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-52
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Tida
l Low
Mar
shes
Is
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Con
trol o
f Inv
asiv
e P
lant
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.6
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Sea
Lev
el R
ise
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
7
Rec
reat
iona
l Act
iviti
es
Rec
reat
iona
l Use
on
Foot
and
with
Boa
ts,
Per
sona
l Wat
ercr
aft a
nd O
ff-R
oad
Veh
icle
s S
ee S
ectio
n 0
Airp
ort O
pera
tions
O
verfl
ight
sC
ontin
ue/e
xpan
d st
udie
s of
dis
turb
ance
of S
GC
N fr
om
over
fligh
ts, a
nd w
ork
with
Dov
er A
ir Fo
rce
Bas
e to
miti
gate
di
stur
banc
e.
Wild
life
Har
vest
ing
Inap
prop
riate
Hun
ting
and
Fish
ing
Stre
ngth
en e
nfor
cem
ent o
f exi
stin
g hu
ntin
g an
d tra
ppin
g re
gula
tions
. In
tegr
ate
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n in
to h
untin
g an
d tra
ppin
g re
gula
tions
. In
corp
orat
e in
form
atio
n ab
out S
GC
N c
onse
rvat
ion
into
the
Hun
ting
and
Trap
ping
Gui
de.
Mai
ntai
n co
mpl
ianc
e w
ith fe
dera
l reg
ulat
ions
.
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t H
abita
t/Wild
life
Man
agem
ent
See
Sec
tion
0
6.1.
16.
Non
-tida
l Coa
stal
Pla
in S
trea
ms
Des
crip
tion
Thes
e ar
e th
e up
per r
each
es o
f stre
ams t
hat o
rigin
ate
in th
e C
oast
al P
lain
. M
ost d
rain
to th
e D
elaw
are
Riv
er o
r Bay
, but
som
e he
adw
est t
owar
ds th
e C
hesa
peak
e B
ay.
Gen
eral
ly, s
tream
gra
dien
ts a
re lo
w, c
urre
nt v
eloc
ity is
slow
and
subs
trate
con
sist
s of s
and
and
silt.
Man
y of
thes
e st
ream
s hav
e be
en d
itche
d in
ord
er to
low
er w
ater
tabl
es in
adj
acen
t are
as fo
r agr
icul
ture
.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
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/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
53
Vita
l Sta
tistic
s N
on-ti
dal C
oast
al P
lain
Str
eam
s A
ttrib
ute
Tota
l Pr
otec
ted
HC
C* A
crea
ge
8,91
5 77
8 (9
%)
HC
C O
ccur
renc
es
362
90 (2
5%)
Kno
wn
SGC
N S
peci
es /
Occ
urre
nces
in H
CC
12 /
12
4 / 4
(100
% /
100%
)
SGC
N S
peci
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith h
abita
t***
54
*HC
C =
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
.
Pres
ent C
ondi
tion
Poor
. Th
e co
nditi
on o
f non
-tida
l Coa
stal
Pla
in st
ream
s is b
elie
ved
to m
irror
the
over
all c
ondi
tion
of st
ream
s in
the
stat
e as
des
crib
ed
in D
NR
EC’s
bi-a
nnua
l wat
er q
ualit
y as
sess
men
t rep
orts
to E
PA.
Thes
e re
ports
show
sign
ifica
nt im
prov
emen
ts in
wat
er q
ualit
y fr
omth
e la
te-1
970s
to th
e m
id-1
990s
as a
resu
lt of
con
trol o
f poi
nt so
urce
pol
lutio
n di
scha
rges
. H
owev
er, i
n th
e la
st d
ecad
e w
ater
qua
lity
has d
ecre
ased
slig
htly
, and
as o
f 200
4, 6
5% o
f sta
te st
ream
s stil
l did
not
fully
mee
t crit
eria
for f
ish
and
wild
life
habi
tat.
Mos
t cur
rent
pr
oble
ms s
tem
from
non
-poi
nt so
urce
pol
lutio
n su
ch a
s nut
rient
s fro
m a
gric
ultu
ral f
ield
s and
sept
ic sy
stem
s; h
ydro
carb
on p
ollu
tant
s fr
om st
reet
s and
par
king
lots
; and
sedi
men
t fro
m la
nd th
at h
as b
een
clea
red
for d
evel
opm
ent.
The
hyd
rolo
gy o
f man
y st
ream
s has
als
o be
en im
pact
ed b
y th
e in
crea
se in
impe
rvio
us su
rfac
es th
at a
ccom
pani
es re
side
ntia
l and
com
mer
cial
dev
elop
men
t, su
ch th
at b
ase
flow
sha
ve d
ecre
ased
and
stor
m fl
ows h
ave
incr
ease
d. R
ecen
t sur
veys
of f
ish
and
mus
sel c
omm
uniti
es in
non
-tida
l stre
ams p
rovi
de fu
rther
indi
catio
n of
the
cond
ition
of t
hese
hab
itats
– sp
ecie
s abu
ndan
ce w
as sk
ewed
tow
ard
type
s tha
t are
mor
e to
lera
nt o
f deg
rade
d ha
bita
t.
Alth
ough
wat
er q
ualit
y is
sues
are
bei
ng a
ctiv
ely
addr
esse
d, th
e tre
men
dous
rate
of l
and
deve
lopm
ent i
n D
elaw
are
will
mak
e lo
ng te
rm
impr
ovem
ents
in st
ream
hab
itat c
ondi
tion
diff
icul
t to
obta
in.
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
N
one
desc
ribed
at t
his t
ime.
Ass
ocia
ted
Spec
ies
of G
reat
est C
onse
rvat
ion
Nee
d
Non
-tida
l Coa
stal
Pla
in S
trea
ms
Tier
Cla
ssSc
ient
ific
Nam
eC
omm
on N
ame
1B
ival
ves
Ala
smid
onta
het
erod
ondw
arf w
edge
mus
sel
Ala
smid
onta
und
ulat
atri
angl
e flo
ater
Lam
psili
s ca
riosa
yello
w la
mpm
usse
l
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-54
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Non
-tida
l Coa
stal
Pla
in S
trea
ms
Tier
Cla
ssSc
ient
ific
Nam
eC
omm
on N
ame
Lam
psili
s ra
diat
aE
aste
rn la
mpm
usse
lLe
ptod
ea o
chra
cea
tidew
ater
muc
ket
Ligu
mia
nas
uta
Eas
tern
pon
dmus
sel
Inse
cts
Gom
phus
frat
ernu
sm
idla
nd c
lubt
ail
Fish
es
Cot
tus
caer
uleo
men
tum
Blu
erid
ge s
culp
inA
cipe
nser
bre
viro
stru
m
shor
tnos
e st
urge
on
Aci
pens
er o
xyrin
chus
A
tlant
ic s
turg
eon
Not
ropi
s bi
frena
tus
brid
le s
hine
rN
otro
pis
chal
ybae
usiro
ncol
or s
hine
rM
oxos
tom
a m
acro
lepi
dotu
msh
orth
ead
redh
orse
Icta
luru
s na
talis
yello
w b
ullh
ead
Aca
ntha
rchu
s po
mot
ism
ud s
unfis
hP
erci
na p
elta
tash
ield
dar
ter
Bird
sA
ctiti
s m
acul
aria
spot
ted
sand
pipe
r
2
Biv
alve
s A
nodo
nta
impl
icat
a al
ewife
floa
ter
Elli
ptio
fish
eria
na
Nor
ther
n la
nce
Stro
phitu
s un
dula
tus
cree
per
Inse
cts
Pho
turis
pen
sylv
anic
a a
firef
ly
Pho
turis
heb
es
a fir
efly
C
ordu
lega
ster
bili
neat
a br
own
spik
etai
l D
rom
ogom
phus
spi
nosu
s bl
ack-
shou
lder
ed s
piny
leg
Gom
phus
roge
rsi
sabl
e cl
ubta
ilG
omph
us a
pom
yius
ba
nner
clu
btai
l M
acro
mia
taen
iola
taro
yal r
iver
cru
iser
Tetra
gone
uria
cos
talis
st
ripe-
win
ged
bask
etta
il H
eloc
ordu
lia s
elys
iiS
elys
' sun
drag
onS
omat
ochl
ora
filos
afin
e-lin
ed e
mer
ald
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
55
Non
-tida
l Coa
stal
Pla
in S
trea
ms
Tier
Cla
ssSc
ient
ific
Nam
eC
omm
on N
ame
Som
atoc
hlor
a pr
ovoc
ans
treet
op e
mer
ald
Cel
ithem
is o
rnat
afa
ded
penn
ant
Ena
llagm
a du
bium
bu
rgun
dy b
luet
E
nalla
gma
duru
m
big
blue
t E
nalla
gma
palli
dum
pa
le b
luet
E
nalla
gma
wee
wa
blac
kwat
er b
luet
N
ehal
enni
a in
tegr
icol
lisS
outh
ern
sprit
eA
rchi
lest
es g
rand
isgr
eat s
prea
dwin
gG
omph
us p
lagi
atus
russ
et-ti
pped
clu
btai
lG
omph
us v
illosi
pes
unic
orn
club
tail
Fish
es
Lam
petra
aep
ypte
rale
ast b
rook
lam
prey
Lam
petra
app
endi
xA
mer
ican
bro
ok la
mpr
eyA
ngui
lla ro
stra
ta
Am
eric
an e
el
Alo
sa m
edio
cris
hi
ckor
y sh
ad
Not
ropi
s am
oenu
sco
mel
y sh
iner
Not
urus
insi
gnis
mar
gine
d m
adto
mA
pelte
s qu
adra
cus
four
spin
e st
ickl
ebac
kE
nnea
cant
hus
chae
todo
n bl
ackb
ande
d su
nfis
h E
nnea
cant
hus
obes
us
band
ed s
unfis
h E
theo
stom
a vi
treum
glas
sy d
arte
r
Rep
tiles
Pse
udem
ys ru
briv
entri
sre
dbel
ly tu
rtle
Reg
ina
sept
emvi
ttata
qu
een
snak
e
Bird
s A
nas
plat
yrhy
ncho
s m
alla
rdLo
phod
ytes
cuc
ulla
tus
hood
ed m
erga
nser
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-56
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
N
on-ti
dal C
oast
al P
lain
Str
eam
s Is
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al
Dev
elop
men
t Pra
ctic
es
Alte
red
Hyd
rolo
gy
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
2N
utrie
nts
and
Sed
imen
ts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
2P
estic
ides
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
2
Agr
icul
tura
l and
For
estry
O
pera
tions
Ditc
hing
and
Dra
inin
g W
ork
with
the
Div
isio
n of
Soi
l and
Wat
er C
onse
rvat
ion
to
prov
ide
ince
ntiv
es fo
r tax
ditc
h as
soci
atio
ns to
impl
emen
t B
MP
s th
at m
inim
ize
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts.
Alte
red
Hyd
rolo
gy
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3N
utrie
nts
and
Sed
imen
ts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3P
estic
ides
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3
Sho
relin
e P
rote
ctio
n P
ract
ices
A
rtific
ial S
hore
line
Har
deni
ng
Pro
vide
ince
ntiv
es fo
r priv
ate
land
owne
rs to
rest
ore
stre
am
bank
s, in
pla
ce o
f ins
tallin
g bu
lkhe
ads
and
reve
tmen
ts, t
o m
inim
ize
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts.
Indu
stria
l Dev
elop
men
t and
O
pera
tions
Air
Pol
lutio
n S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Acc
iden
tal S
pills
of T
oxin
s an
d S
ewag
e S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Chr
onic
Wat
er P
ollu
tion
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
4
Impi
ngem
ent /
Ent
rapm
ent /
Ent
rain
men
t at
Wat
er In
take
s
Wor
k w
ith u
tiliti
es a
nd in
dust
ry to
ass
ess
impa
cts
to S
GC
N
from
impi
ngem
ent /
ent
rapm
ent /
ent
rain
men
t, an
d ad
apt t
he
desi
gn a
nd o
pera
tion
of w
ater
inta
kes
as n
eces
sary
for
SGC
N c
onse
rvat
ion.
S
edim
ents
from
San
d an
d G
rave
l Qua
rryin
g S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Tran
spor
tatio
n an
d U
tility
O
pera
tions
and
Mai
nten
ance
Tran
spor
tatio
n In
frast
ruct
ure
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
1A
ltere
d H
ydro
logy
S
ee S
ectio
n 0
Roa
d S
alt
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
elaw
are
Dep
artm
ent o
f Tra
nspo
rtatio
n to
as
sess
and
mon
itor i
mpa
cts
to S
GC
N fr
om ro
ad s
alt,
adap
t sa
lt ap
plic
atio
n pr
actic
es a
s pr
actic
able
for S
GC
N
cons
erva
tion,
and
eva
luat
e al
tern
ativ
es to
sal
t use
as
nece
ssar
y.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
57
Non
-tida
l Coa
stal
Pla
in S
trea
ms
Issu
e C
ateg
ory
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
Com
mer
cial
Shi
ps a
nd B
oats
Ass
ess
impa
cts
to S
GC
N fr
om c
ollis
ions
and
use
this
as
sess
men
t and
long
-term
mon
itorin
g to
gui
de a
dapt
ive
man
agem
ent,
educ
atio
n, o
utre
ach
and
enfo
rcem
ent e
fforts
as
nec
essa
ry.
Wor
k w
ith th
e sh
ippi
ng a
nd c
omm
erci
al fi
shin
g in
dust
ries
to
deve
lop
educ
atio
n an
d ou
treac
h fo
r boa
t ope
rato
rs a
bout
m
inim
izin
g im
pact
s to
key
hab
itats
and
SG
CN
. P
ost a
nd e
nfor
ce “n
o w
ake”
zon
es to
pro
tect
key
hab
itats
and
S
GC
N.
Cha
nnel
Dre
dgin
g W
ork
with
the
Div
isio
n of
Wat
er R
esou
rces
and
US
Arm
y C
orps
of E
ngin
eers
to in
tegr
ate
key
habi
tat a
nd S
GC
N
cons
erva
tion
into
dre
dgin
g pl
ans.
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
, Nui
sanc
e A
nim
als
and
Wild
life
Dis
ease
s
Sno
w G
oose
and
Res
iden
t Can
ada
Goo
se
Incr
ease
goo
se h
arve
st o
n st
ate
land
s as
nec
essa
ry to
re
duce
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts.
Enc
oura
ge fe
dera
l and
NG
O c
onse
rvat
ion
land
man
ager
s to
in
crea
se g
oose
har
vest
as
nece
ssar
y to
redu
ce im
pact
s to
ke
y ha
bita
ts.
Dev
elop
edu
catio
n an
d ou
treac
h en
cour
agin
g la
ndow
ners
to
incr
ease
goo
se h
arve
st o
n pr
ivat
e la
nds
as n
eces
sary
to
redu
ce im
pact
s to
key
hab
itats
.
Asi
atic
Cla
m
Ass
ess
the
impa
cts
of c
lam
s on
SG
CN
and
use
this
as
sess
men
t and
long
-term
mon
itorin
g to
gui
de a
dapt
ive
man
agem
ent,
educ
atio
n an
d ou
treac
h ef
forts
as
nece
ssar
y.
Dev
elop
edu
catio
n an
d ou
treac
h fo
r boa
ters
, lik
e th
e “S
top
Aqu
atic
Hitc
hhik
ers”
cam
paig
n of
the
Aqu
atic
Nui
sanc
e S
peci
es T
ask
Forc
e, to
min
imiz
e th
e sp
read
of c
lam
s.
Inva
sive
Pla
nts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
6
Wat
er U
se
Dam
s
Wor
k w
ith u
tiliti
es to
ass
ess
the
impa
cts
of d
ams
and
othe
r ba
rrier
s on
frag
men
tatio
n of
key
hab
itats
, and
use
this
as
sess
men
t and
long
-term
mon
itorin
g to
gui
de a
dapt
ive
man
agem
ent,
incl
udin
g ba
rrier
rem
oval
and
inst
alla
tion
of
pass
age
stru
ctur
es a
s ne
cess
ary.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-58
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Non
-tida
l Coa
stal
Pla
in S
trea
ms
Issu
e C
ateg
ory
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
Dam
Ope
ratio
ns
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of W
ater
Res
ourc
es a
nd w
ater
util
ities
to
eva
luat
e th
e ap
plic
atio
n of
“eco
logi
cally
sus
tain
able
wat
er
man
agem
ent”
prac
tices
to d
am o
pera
tions
to m
inim
ize
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts a
nd S
GC
N.
Dam
Rem
oval
Ass
ess
the
impa
cts
of d
am re
mov
al o
n ke
y ha
bita
ts a
nd
SG
CN
, and
use
this
ass
essm
ent a
nd lo
ng-te
rm m
onito
ring
to
guid
e ad
aptiv
e m
anag
emen
t, in
clud
ing
cont
rol o
f sed
imen
ts
and
asso
ciat
ed to
xins
as
nece
ssar
y.
Gro
undw
ater
With
draw
als
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of W
ater
Res
ourc
es to
inte
grat
e ke
y ha
bita
t and
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n in
to lo
ng-ra
nge
wat
er s
uppl
y pl
anni
ng.
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of W
ater
Res
ourc
es to
inte
grat
e ke
y ha
bita
t con
serv
atio
n in
to p
rote
ctio
n of
“exc
elle
nt g
roun
dwat
er
rech
arge
are
as.”
Sur
face
Wat
er W
ithdr
awal
s
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of W
ater
Res
ourc
es to
inte
grat
e ke
y ha
bita
t and
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n in
to s
tate
wat
er q
ualit
y st
anda
rds
for l
ow fl
ows.
W
ork
with
the
Div
isio
n of
Wat
er R
esou
rces
to in
tegr
ate
key
habi
tat a
nd S
GC
N c
onse
rvat
ion
into
long
-rang
e w
ater
sup
ply
plan
ning
.
Rec
reat
iona
l Act
iviti
es
Rec
reat
iona
l Use
on
Foot
and
with
Boa
ts,
Per
sona
l Wat
ercr
aft a
nd O
ff-R
oad
Veh
icle
s S
ee S
ectio
n 0
Wild
life
Har
vest
ing
Inap
prop
riate
Hun
ting
and
Fish
ing
Stre
ngth
en e
nfor
cem
ent o
f exi
stin
g re
crea
tiona
l and
co
mm
erci
al fi
shin
g re
gula
tions
. In
tegr
ate
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n in
to fi
shin
g re
gula
tions
. In
corp
orat
e in
form
atio
n ab
out S
GC
N c
onse
rvat
ion
into
the
Fish
ing
Gui
de.
Mai
ntai
n co
mpl
ianc
e w
ith in
ters
tate
man
agem
ent
agre
emen
ts.
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t H
abita
t/Wild
life
Man
agem
ent
See
Sec
tion
0
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
59
6.1.
17.
Nea
rsho
re H
abita
ts
Des
crip
tion
Nea
rsho
re h
abita
ts c
onsi
st o
f ope
n w
ater
and
ben
thic
feat
ures
in th
e D
elaw
are
Bay
, the
Inla
nd B
ays,
and
the
Atla
ntic
Oce
an o
ut to
a
dist
ance
of t
hree
mile
s fro
m th
e co
ast.
Tho
ugh
the
typi
cal n
ears
hore
hab
itat i
s a ra
ther
feat
urel
ess a
rea
of sa
nd a
nd m
ud, t
here
are
als
o m
any
smal
ler a
reas
of d
iver
se n
ears
hore
mar
ine
habi
tats
such
as o
yste
r bed
s, Sa
bella
ria
(tube
wor
m) r
eefs
, sul
fur s
pong
e re
efs,
mus
sel
beds
, sho
al a
nd fl
at a
reas
, and
arti
ficia
l ree
fs.
The
shel
l hab
itat t
hat o
yste
r bed
s pro
vide
is b
eing
aug
men
ted
and
expa
nded
thro
ugh
the
plac
emen
t of s
urf c
lam
shel
l. A
s one
of t
he e
stua
ry’s
mos
t com
mon
inve
rtebr
ates
, the
tube
s cre
ated
by
Sabe
llari
a pr
ovid
e im
porta
nt
reef
hab
itat i
n th
e ba
y.Sa
bella
ria
beds
are
cur
rent
ly b
eing
iden
tifie
d an
d de
linea
ted
in th
e D
elaw
are
Estu
ary.
Lar
ge a
reas
of s
ulfu
r sp
onge
in th
e lo
wer
bay
pro
vide
an
impo
rtant
hab
itat f
or n
umer
ous s
peci
es.
Blu
e m
usse
l bed
s als
o pr
ovid
e va
luab
le n
ears
hore
hab
itat,
thou
gh th
ey te
nd to
be
ephe
mer
al in
the
estu
ary
and
are
prob
ably
lim
ited
by h
igh
sum
mer
wat
er te
mpe
ratu
res.
San
d/m
ud sh
oal a
reas
are
com
mon
in th
e es
tuar
y. A
rtific
ial r
eefs
, prim
arily
in th
e fo
rm o
f con
cret
e st
ruct
ures
, hav
e be
com
e a
prom
inen
t nea
rsho
re h
abita
t in
rece
nt y
ears
. Cur
rent
ly, e
ight
site
s in
the
estu
ary
have
bee
n ap
prov
ed fo
r the
pla
cem
ent o
f arti
ficia
l ree
f mat
eria
ls w
hich
are
clo
sely
m
onito
red.
B
ecau
se n
ears
hore
hab
itat c
lass
ifica
tion
is p
oorly
def
ined
, the
se h
abita
ts h
ave
not b
een
map
ped.
Vita
l Sta
tistic
s N
ears
hore
Hab
itats
A
ttrib
ute
Tota
l Pr
otec
ted
HC
C* A
crea
ge
not m
appe
d no
t map
ped
HC
C O
ccur
renc
es
not m
appe
d no
t map
ped
Kno
wn
SGC
N S
peci
es /
Occ
urre
nces
in H
CC
not m
appe
d
not m
appe
d
SGC
N S
peci
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith H
CC
35
*HC
C =
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
.
Pres
ent C
ondi
tion
Fair
– G
ood.
Gen
eral
ly, n
ears
hore
hab
itat i
n th
e D
elaw
are
Estu
ary
has e
xper
ienc
ed a
n im
prov
emen
t sin
ce th
e 19
30’s
and
40’
s whe
n po
llutio
n bl
ocks
deg
rade
d ha
bita
t, pa
rticu
larly
in th
e up
per e
stua
ry.
Oys
ter b
eds s
erve
as a
n im
porta
nt h
abita
t typ
e w
hich
suff
ered
a
dras
tic d
eclin
e in
the
1950
’s d
ue to
ove
rfis
hing
and
dis
ease
(MSX
). T
he c
urre
nt st
atus
of t
he o
yste
r pop
ulat
ion
is lo
w b
ut re
lativ
ely
stab
le a
nd is
suff
icie
nt to
supp
ort a
lim
ited
com
mer
cial
fish
ery.
T
houg
h se
vera
l are
as in
the
estu
ary
wer
e pr
evio
usly
iden
tifie
d as
im
porta
nt fo
r Sab
ella
ria
and
asso
ciat
ed w
ildlif
e, o
nly
min
imal
pro
tect
ion
has b
een
offe
red
(e.g
. lim
iting
suct
ion
dred
ging
for b
each
no
uris
hmen
t pro
ject
s) a
nd li
ttle
info
rmat
ion
is a
vaila
ble
on th
eir l
ong-
term
abu
ndan
ce/d
istri
butio
n. W
here
as a
reas
of h
eavy
Sab
ella
ria
conc
entra
tions
tend
to b
e av
oide
d by
the
com
mer
cial
dre
dge
fishe
ries,
sulfu
r spo
nge
beds
are
som
etim
es ta
rget
ed b
y th
e co
mm
erci
al
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-60
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
blue
cra
b dr
edge
fish
ery,
whi
ch m
ay p
ose
a th
reat
to th
is h
abita
t. S
and/
mud
shoa
ls a
re d
istu
rbed
by
scal
lop
and
toot
hbar
dre
dge
activ
ity a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith th
e co
mm
erci
al fi
sher
ies.
The
ext
ent o
f the
impa
ct is
not
wel
l kno
wn,
but
it h
as b
een
sugg
este
d th
at
dist
urba
nce
is sp
atia
lly p
atch
y. T
hrea
teni
ng a
ll of
thes
e ha
bita
ts is
the
fact
that
the
estu
ary
is o
ne o
f the
nat
ion’
s lar
gest
pet
roch
emic
al
cent
ers,
and
spill
s are
an
ever
-pre
sent
dan
ger.
In a
dditi
on, i
nvas
ive
spec
ies a
re a
con
tinue
d co
ncer
n.
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
O
pen
Wat
er
Oys
ter R
eef
Tube
wor
m R
eef
Cla
m B
ed
Mus
sel B
ed
Sand
Bar
/San
d Fl
at
Ass
ocia
ted
Spec
ies
of G
reat
est C
onse
rvat
ion
Nee
d N
ears
hore
Hab
itats
Ti
erC
lass
Scie
ntifi
c N
ame
Com
mon
Nam
e
1
Cru
stac
eans
Cal
linec
tes
sapi
dus
blue
cra
b
Ara
chni
dsLi
mul
us p
olyp
hem
usho
rses
hoe
crab
Fish
esP
ristis
pec
tinat
asm
allto
oth
saw
fish
Aci
pens
er b
revi
rost
rum
sh
ortn
ose
stur
geon
A
cipe
nser
oxy
rinch
us
Atla
ntic
stu
rgeo
n
Rep
tiles
Car
etta
car
etta
logg
erhe
ad s
ea tu
rtle
Che
loni
a m
ydas
Atla
ntic
gre
en tu
rtle
Lepi
doch
elys
kem
pii
Kem
p's
Rid
ley
sea
turtl
e
Bird
s B
rant
a ca
nade
nsis
C
anad
a go
ose
(mig
rato
ry)
Pan
dion
hal
iaet
usos
prey
Mam
mal
s
Pho
coen
a ph
ocoe
na
harb
or p
orpo
ise
Bal
aeno
pter
a ph
ysal
us
fin w
hale
M
egap
tera
nov
aean
glia
e hu
mpb
ack
wha
le
Bal
aena
gla
cial
is
Nor
ther
n rig
ht w
hale
2Fi
shes
C
etor
hinu
s m
axim
us
bask
ing
shar
k
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
61
Nea
rsho
re H
abita
ts
Tier
Cla
ssSc
ient
ific
Nam
eC
omm
on N
ame
Car
char
odon
car
char
ias
whi
te s
hark
C
arch
arhi
nus
obsc
urus
dusk
y sh
ark
Squ
atin
a du
mer
ilA
tlant
ic a
ngel
sha
rkA
losa
med
iocr
ishi
ckor
y sh
adA
pelte
s qu
adra
cus
four
spin
e st
ickl
ebac
k
Rep
tiles
Ere
tmoc
hely
s im
bric
ata
imbr
icat
aha
wks
bill
Bird
s
Pel
ecan
us o
ccid
enta
lis
brow
n pe
lican
P
hala
croc
orax
car
bo
grea
t cor
mor
ant
Pha
lacr
ocor
ax a
uritu
sdo
uble
-cre
sted
cor
mor
ant
Cyg
nus
colu
mbi
anus
tu
ndra
sw
an
Bra
nta
bern
icla
bran
tA
ythy
a va
lisin
eria
canv
asba
ckA
ythy
a am
eric
ana
redh
ead
Ayt
hya
mar
ilagr
eate
r sca
upA
ythy
a af
finis
less
er s
caup
Cla
ngul
a hy
emal
isol
dsqu
awM
elan
itta
nigr
abl
ack
scot
erM
elan
itta
pers
pici
llata
surf
scot
erM
elan
itta
fusc
aw
hite
-win
ged
scot
erB
ucep
hala
alb
eola
buffl
ehea
d
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
N
ears
hore
Hab
itats
Is
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al
Dev
elop
men
t Pra
ctic
es
Nut
rient
s an
d S
edim
ents
S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.2
Pes
ticid
esS
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.2
Agr
icul
tura
l and
For
estry
O
pera
tions
N
utrie
nts
and
Sed
imen
ts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3P
estic
ides
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-62
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Nea
rsho
re H
abita
ts
Issu
e C
ateg
ory
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
Sho
relin
e P
rote
ctio
n P
ract
ices
B
each
Ren
ouris
hmen
t W
ork
with
the
Div
isio
n of
Soi
l and
Wat
er C
onse
rvat
ion
to
inte
grat
e ke
y ha
bita
t and
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n in
to s
elec
tion
of n
ears
hore
bor
row
are
as.
Indu
stria
l Dev
elop
men
t and
O
pera
tions
Air
Pol
lutio
n S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Acc
iden
tal S
pills
of T
oxin
s an
d S
ewag
e S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.4
Chr
onic
Wat
er P
ollu
tion
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
4
Impi
ngem
ent/E
ntra
pmen
t/Ent
rain
men
t at
Wat
er In
take
s
Wor
k w
ith u
tiliti
es a
nd in
dust
ry to
ass
ess
impa
cts
to S
GC
N
from
impi
ngem
ent /
ent
rapm
ent /
ent
rain
men
t, an
d ad
apt t
he
desi
gn a
nd o
pera
tion
of w
ater
inta
kes
for S
GC
N
cons
erva
tion,
as
nece
ssar
y.
Sed
imen
ts fr
om S
and
and
Gra
vel Q
uarry
ing
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
4
Tran
spor
tatio
n an
d U
tility
O
pera
tions
and
Mai
nten
ance
Cha
nnel
Dre
dgin
g W
ork
with
the
Div
isio
n of
Wat
er R
esou
rces
and
the
US
Arm
y C
orps
of E
ngin
eers
to in
tegr
ate
key
habi
tat a
nd S
GC
N
cons
erva
tion
into
dre
dgin
g pl
ans.
Com
mer
cial
Shi
ps a
nd B
oats
Ass
ess
impa
cts
from
col
lisio
ns o
n S
GC
N a
nd u
se th
is
asse
ssm
ent a
nd lo
ng-te
rm m
onito
ring
to g
uide
ada
ptiv
e m
anag
emen
t, ed
ucat
ion,
out
reac
h an
d en
forc
emen
t effo
rts,
as n
eces
sary
. W
ork
with
the
ship
ping
and
com
mer
cial
fish
ing
indu
strie
s to
de
velo
p ed
ucat
ion
and
outre
ach
for b
oat o
pera
tors
abo
ut
min
imiz
ing
the
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts a
nd S
GC
N.
Pos
t “no
wak
e” z
ones
to p
rote
ct k
ey h
abita
ts a
nd S
GC
N, a
nd
enfo
rce
them
.
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
, Nui
sanc
e A
nim
als
and
Wild
life
Dis
ease
s G
reen
Cra
b an
d Ja
pane
se S
hore
Cra
b
Ass
ess
impa
cts
of c
rabs
on
key
habi
tats
and
use
this
as
sess
men
t and
long
-term
mon
itorin
g to
gui
de a
dapt
ive
man
agem
ent,
educ
atio
n, o
utre
ach
and
enfo
rcem
ent e
fforts
, as
nec
essa
ry.
Sol
id W
aste
Dis
posa
l Tr
ash
Inge
stio
n A
sses
s im
pact
s to
SG
CN
and
use
this
ass
essm
ent a
nd lo
ng-
term
mon
itorin
g to
gui
de a
dapt
ive
man
agem
ent,
educ
atio
n,
outre
ach
and
enfo
rcem
ent e
fforts
, as
nece
ssar
y.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
63
Nea
rsho
re H
abita
ts
Issu
e C
ateg
ory
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
Ene
rgy
Pro
duct
ion
Win
d Fa
rm F
acilit
ies
Wor
k w
ith e
nerg
y co
mpa
nies
to d
evel
op s
tand
ards
for t
he
loca
tion
of w
ind
farm
s to
min
imiz
e lo
ss a
nd fr
agm
enta
tion
of
key
habi
tats
.
Tida
l Tur
bine
s
Wor
k w
ith e
nerg
y co
mpa
nies
to d
evel
op s
tand
ards
for t
he
loca
tion
of ti
dal t
urbi
nes
to m
inim
ize
impa
cts
to S
GC
N.
Sup
port
rese
arch
on
impr
ovin
g th
e de
sign
of t
urbi
nes
to
min
imiz
e im
pact
s to
SG
CN
. Th
erm
al P
ollu
tion
from
Pow
er P
lant
s S
uppo
rt re
sear
ch o
n m
inim
izin
g im
pact
s to
SG
CN
.
Rec
reat
iona
l Act
iviti
es
Rec
reat
iona
l Use
on
Foot
and
with
Boa
ts,
Per
sona
l Wat
ercr
aft a
nd O
ff-R
oad
Veh
icle
s S
ee S
ectio
n 0
Wild
life
Har
vest
ing
Inap
prop
riate
Hun
ting
and
Fish
ing
Stre
ngth
en e
nfor
cem
ent o
f exi
stin
g re
crea
tiona
l and
co
mm
erci
al fi
shin
g re
gula
tions
. In
tegr
ate
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n in
to fi
shin
g re
gula
tions
. In
corp
orat
e in
form
atio
n ab
out S
GC
N c
onse
rvat
ion
into
the
Fish
ing
Gui
de.
Mai
ntai
n co
mpl
ianc
e w
ith in
ters
tate
man
agem
ent
agre
emen
ts.
Fish
ing
Gea
r Ent
angl
emen
t
Inco
rpor
ate
info
rmat
ion
abou
t red
ucin
g th
e im
pact
s of
en
tang
lem
ent o
n S
GC
N in
to th
e Fi
shin
g G
uide
. D
evel
op e
duca
tion
and
outre
ach
abou
t red
ucin
g th
e im
pact
s of
ent
angl
emen
t on
SG
CN
for d
istri
butio
n w
ith c
omm
erci
al
fishi
ng li
cens
es.
Exp
and
effo
rts to
reco
ver a
nd re
cycl
e fis
hing
line
and
gill
net
s us
ing
Flor
ida’
s” M
onof
ilam
ent R
ecov
ery
& R
ecyc
ling
Pro
gram
” or a
sim
ilar s
trate
gy.
Eva
luat
e ex
pand
ing
Inte
rnat
iona
l Coa
stal
Cle
anup
Day
to
incl
ude
reco
very
of s
ubm
erge
d lo
st o
r aba
ndon
ed fi
shin
g ge
ar.
Fish
erie
s B
ycat
ch
Ass
ess
impa
cts
to S
GC
N a
nd u
se th
is a
sses
smen
t and
long
-te
rm m
onito
ring
to g
uide
ada
ptiv
e m
anag
emen
t, ed
ucat
ion,
ou
treac
h an
d en
forc
emen
t effo
rts, a
s ne
cess
ary.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-64
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Nea
rsho
re H
abita
ts
Issu
e C
ateg
ory
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n S
uppo
rt re
sear
ch o
n de
sign
ing
fishi
ng g
ear a
nd te
chni
ques
th
at m
inim
ize
impa
cts
to S
GC
N.
Com
mer
cial
Fis
herie
s D
redg
ing
Ass
ess
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts a
nd S
GC
N a
nd u
se th
is
asse
ssm
ent a
nd lo
ng-te
rm m
onito
ring
to g
uide
ada
ptiv
e m
anag
emen
t, in
clud
ing
rest
rictio
ns o
n fre
quen
cy a
nd ti
min
g,
and
the
desi
gnat
ion
of “n
o dr
edge
zon
es” i
f nec
essa
ry.
Sup
port
rese
arch
on
desi
gnin
g fis
herie
s dr
edgi
ng g
ear a
nd
tech
niqu
es th
at m
inim
ize
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts a
nd S
GC
N.
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t H
abita
t/Wild
life
Man
agem
ent
See
Sec
tion
0
6.1.
18.
Impo
undm
ents
Des
crip
tion
Impo
undm
ents
are
man
-mad
e co
asta
l hab
itats
whe
re w
ater
leve
ls c
an b
e m
anip
ulat
ed b
y so
me
sort
of c
ontro
l stru
ctur
e. S
ome
are
fres
hwat
er e
nviro
nmen
ts th
at m
ay b
e gr
ound
wat
er-d
epen
dent
. M
any
are
brac
kish
and
are
con
nect
ed to
tida
l stre
ams.
Vita
l Sta
tistic
s Im
poun
dmen
tsA
ttrib
ute
Tota
l Pr
otec
ted
HC
C* A
crea
ge
6,38
5 3,
551
(56%
)
HC
C O
ccur
renc
es
61
31 (5
1%)
Kno
wn
SGC
N S
peci
es /
Occ
urre
nces
in H
CC
14 /
18
9 / 1
0 (6
4% /
56%
)
SGC
N S
peci
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith h
abita
t***
19
*HC
C =
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
.
Pres
ent C
ondi
tion
Goo
d. V
ery
few
new
impo
undm
ents
are
cur
rent
ly b
eing
cre
ated
, but
exi
stin
g on
es a
re m
aint
aine
d in
a re
lativ
ely
stab
le c
ondi
tion
by
activ
e m
anag
emen
t. S
ome
are
impa
cted
by
nutri
ficat
ion
and
over
brow
sing
by
gees
e an
d ot
hers
suff
er fr
om c
omm
on re
ed in
vasi
on.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
65
Pres
umab
ly, s
ea le
vel r
ise
will
not
be
an is
sue
for t
his h
abita
t, si
nce
dike
s can
be
elev
ated
and
wat
er c
ontro
l stru
ctur
es m
odifi
ed to
ac
com
mod
ate
high
er w
ater
leve
ls.
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
N
one
desc
ribed
at t
his t
ime.
Ass
ocia
ted
Spec
ies
of G
reat
est C
onse
rvat
ion
Nee
d
Impo
undm
ents
Tier
Cla
ssSc
ient
ific
Nam
eC
omm
on N
ame
1B
irds
Pod
ilym
bus
podi
ceps
pied
-bille
d gr
ebe
Bra
nta
cana
dens
isC
anad
a go
ose
(mig
rato
ry)
Ana
s ru
brip
esA
mer
ican
bla
ck d
uck
Pan
dion
hal
iaet
usos
prey
Act
itis
mac
ular
iasp
otte
d sa
ndpi
per
2B
irds
Cyg
nus
colu
mbi
anus
tund
ra s
wan
Ana
s pl
atyr
hync
hos
mal
lard
Ana
s cl
ypea
taN
orth
ern
shov
eler
Ayt
hya
valis
iner
iaca
nvas
back
Ayt
hya
mar
ilagr
eate
r sca
upA
ythy
a af
finis
less
er s
caup
Buc
epha
la a
lbeo
labu
ffleh
ead
Loph
odyt
es c
ucul
latu
sho
oded
mer
gans
erFu
lica
amer
ican
aA
mer
ican
coo
tP
luvi
alis
squ
atar
ola
blac
k-be
llied
plov
erH
iman
topu
s m
exic
anus
blac
k-ne
cked
stil
tC
atop
troph
orus
sem
ipal
mat
usw
illet
Cal
idris
pus
illase
mip
alm
ated
san
dpip
erC
alid
ris a
lpin
adu
nlin
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-66
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
Im
poun
dmen
tsIs
sue
Cat
egor
y Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al
Dev
elop
men
t Pra
ctic
es
Alte
red
Hyd
rolo
gy
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
2N
utrie
nts
and
Sed
imen
ts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
2P
estic
ides
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
2
Agr
icul
tura
l and
For
estry
O
pera
tions
Alte
red
Hyd
rolo
gy
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3N
utrie
nts
and
Sed
imen
ts
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3P
estic
ides
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
3
Tran
spor
tatio
n an
d U
tility
O
pera
tions
and
Mai
nten
ance
Tr
ansp
orta
tion
Infra
stru
ctur
e S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.1
Alte
red
Hyd
rolo
gy
See
Sec
tion
0
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
, Nui
sanc
e A
nim
als
and
Wild
life
Dis
ease
s
Sno
w G
oose
and
Res
iden
t Can
ada
Goo
se
Incr
ease
goo
se h
arve
st o
n st
ate
land
s as
nec
essa
ry to
re
duce
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts.
Enc
oura
ge fe
dera
l and
NG
O c
onse
rvat
ion
land
man
ager
s to
in
crea
se g
oose
har
vest
as
nece
ssar
y to
redu
ce im
pact
s to
ke
y ha
bita
ts.
Dev
elop
edu
catio
n an
d ou
treac
h en
cour
agin
g la
ndow
ners
to
incr
ease
goo
se h
arve
st o
n pr
ivat
e la
nds
as n
eces
sary
to
redu
ce im
pact
s to
key
hab
itats
.
Con
trol o
f Mos
quito
es a
nd F
ores
t Pes
ts B
y A
eria
l App
licat
ion
of P
estic
ides
Wor
k w
ith th
e M
osqu
ito C
ontro
l Sec
tion
to a
sses
s an
d m
onito
r the
impa
cts
of a
eria
l app
licat
ion
on S
GC
N in
sect
s,
and
on th
e pr
ey b
ase
of S
GC
N in
sect
ivor
ous
bird
s, s
mal
l m
amm
als
and
bats
. W
ork
with
the
Mos
quito
Con
trol S
ectio
n to
ada
pt a
eria
l ap
plic
atio
n pr
actic
es fo
r con
serv
atio
n of
SG
CN
, as
nece
ssar
y.
Con
trol o
f Mos
quito
es w
ith O
pen
Mar
sh
Wat
er M
anag
emen
t and
Impo
undm
ent
Man
agem
ent
Wor
k w
ith th
e M
osqu
ito C
ontro
l Sec
tion
to e
valu
ate
the
impa
cts
of im
poun
dmen
t man
agem
ent o
n ke
y ha
bita
ts.
Wor
k w
ith th
e M
osqu
ito C
ontro
l Sec
tion
to a
dapt
im
poun
dmen
t man
agem
ent f
or c
onse
rvat
ion
of k
ey h
abita
ts,
as n
eces
sary
. In
vasi
ve P
lant
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.6
Con
trol o
f Inv
asiv
e P
lant
s S
ee S
ectio
n 6.
2.6
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
67
Impo
undm
ents
Issu
e C
ateg
ory
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
Wat
er U
se
Gro
undw
ater
With
draw
als
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of W
ater
Res
ourc
es to
inte
grat
e ke
y ha
bita
t con
serv
atio
n in
to lo
ng-ra
nge
wat
er s
uppl
y pl
anni
ng.
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of W
ater
Res
ourc
es to
inte
grat
e ke
y ha
bita
t con
serv
atio
n in
to p
rote
ctio
n of
“exc
elle
nt g
roun
dwat
er
rech
arge
are
as.”
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Sea
Lev
el R
ise
See
Sec
tion
6.2.
7
Rec
reat
iona
l Act
iviti
es
Rec
reat
iona
l Use
on
Foot
and
with
Boa
ts,
Per
sona
l Wat
ercr
aft a
nd O
ff-R
oad
Veh
icle
s S
ee S
ectio
n 0
Airp
ort O
pera
tions
O
verfl
ight
sC
ontin
ue/e
xpan
d st
udie
s of
dis
turb
ance
of S
GC
N fr
om
over
fligh
ts, a
nd w
ork
with
Dov
er A
ir Fo
rce
Bas
e to
miti
gate
di
stur
banc
e.
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t H
abita
t/Wild
life
Man
agem
ent
See
Sec
tion
0
6.1.
19.
Fore
st B
lock
s
Des
crip
tion
Fore
st B
lock
s may
incl
ude
upla
nd fo
rest
s and
/or w
etla
nd fo
rest
s. T
hese
con
stitu
ent h
abita
ts a
re d
escr
ibed
abo
ve, a
s are
the
rele
vant
Ass
ocia
ted
Spec
ies o
f Gre
ates
t Con
serv
atio
n N
eed
and
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
.A
dditi
onal
issu
es a
nd a
ctio
ns th
at p
erta
in to
Fo
rest
Blo
cks a
re in
Sec
tion
6.2.
Vita
l Sta
tistic
s Fo
rest
Blo
cks
Attr
ibut
e To
tal
Prot
ecte
d
Acr
eage
11
9,26
8 35
,058
(29%
)
Occ
urre
nces
26
3 96
(37%
)
Kno
wn
SGC
N S
peci
es /
Occ
urre
nces
96
/ 25
9 71
/ 15
8 (7
4% /
61%
)
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-68
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Pres
ent C
ondi
tion
Poor
. M
ost o
f Del
awar
e w
as fo
rest
ed a
t the
tim
e of
Eur
opea
n se
ttlem
ent.
The
am
ount
of f
ores
t los
s sin
ce th
en is
diff
icul
t to
dete
rmin
e w
ith m
uch
accu
racy
, but
it h
as b
een
estim
ated
at 5
0-75
% (s
ince
som
e ex
istin
g fo
rest
repr
esen
ts se
cond
gro
wth
that
has
occu
rred
on
aban
done
d fa
rmla
nd, e
spec
ially
in th
e no
rther
n pa
rt of
the
stat
e, th
e lo
ss w
as p
roba
bly
grea
ter t
han
this
at i
ts p
eak
in th
e 19
th c
entu
ry).
Mor
e re
cent
ly, c
alcu
latio
ns o
f for
est l
oss i
n th
e st
ate
rang
e fr
om 3
5,00
0 ac
res f
rom
198
4-19
92 a
nd 2
0,00
0 ac
res f
rom
1986
-199
9; in
200
5 al
one,
loss
was
est
imat
ed to
be
as h
igh
as 4
,500
acr
es.
His
toric
ally
, thi
s los
s ste
mm
ed fr
om c
onve
rsio
n to
ag
ricul
ture
, but
is n
ow m
ostly
the
resu
lt of
resi
dent
ial a
nd c
omm
erci
al d
evel
opm
ent a
nd a
ssoc
iate
d in
fras
truct
ure.
As s
triki
ng a
s the
ove
rall
loss
of f
ores
t is t
he fr
agm
enta
tion
of th
at w
hich
rem
ains
. M
appi
ng o
f tre
e co
ver i
n th
e st
ate
com
plet
ed in
20
04 d
elin
eate
d ab
out 4
,150
sepa
rate
woo
ded
patc
hes l
arge
r tha
n 10
acr
es.
The
med
ian
size
am
ong
thos
e pa
tche
s is o
nly
34 a
cres
, and
ju
st 6
% a
re la
rger
than
250
acr
es.
An
exam
inat
ion
of p
atch
“th
ickn
ess,”
whi
ch a
ccou
nts f
or si
ze a
nd sh
ape,
reve
als o
nly
a fe
w
(<0.
1%) t
hat h
ave
suff
icie
nt in
terio
r hab
itat t
o su
stai
n ar
ea-s
ensi
tive
spec
ies l
ike
ceru
lean
war
bler
, Nor
ther
n pa
rula
and
bla
ck-a
nd-
whi
te w
arbl
er fo
r the
long
term
. A
dditi
onal
ana
lysi
s ind
icat
es th
at th
e pa
tche
s are
hig
hly
isol
ated
from
eac
h ot
her,
with
less
than
10%
m
eetin
g th
e is
olat
ion
thre
shol
ds fo
r hoo
ded
war
bler
, Am
eric
an re
dsta
rt, re
d-sh
ould
ered
haw
k an
d br
own
cree
per.
Fin
ally
, cal
cula
tion
of p
erim
eter
/are
a ra
tio fo
r the
fore
st b
lock
s hig
hlig
hts t
heir
very
irre
gula
r sha
pes.
Alm
ost 9
0% h
ave
a ra
tio g
reat
er th
an th
at o
f a 1
0:1
rect
angl
e, a
con
figur
atio
n th
at p
rodu
ces m
ajor
edg
e ef
fect
s.
Rec
ent f
ield
surv
eys o
f nea
rly 1
00 C
oast
al P
lain
fore
st b
lock
s fou
nd a
bout
hal
f of t
hem
to b
e in
“G
ood”
or “
Ver
y G
ood”
con
ditio
n, b
ut
this
ratin
g w
as b
ased
on
vege
tativ
e ch
arac
teris
tics,
not o
n sp
atia
l attr
ibut
es o
r wild
life
habi
tat.
See
the
disc
ussi
on o
f Pre
sent
Con
ditio
n un
der C
oast
al P
lain
Upl
and
Fore
sts (
Sect
ion
6.1.
4) fo
r mor
e in
form
atio
n ab
out f
ores
t co
nditi
on.
6.1.
20.
Wet
land
Blo
cks
Des
crip
tion
Wet
land
Blo
cks m
ay c
onta
in n
on-ti
dal w
etla
nds,
fres
hwat
er ti
dal w
etla
nds,
and/
or sa
ltwat
er a
nd b
rack
ish
tidal
wet
land
s. T
hese
co
nstit
uent
hab
itats
are
des
crib
ed a
bove
, as a
re th
e re
leva
nt A
ssoc
iate
d Sp
ecie
s of G
reat
est C
onse
rvat
ion
Nee
d an
d C
onse
rvat
ion
Issu
es a
nd A
ctio
ns.
Add
ition
al is
sues
and
act
ions
that
per
tain
to W
etla
nd B
lock
s are
in S
ectio
n 6.
2.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
69
Vita
l Sta
tistic
s W
etla
nd B
lock
s A
ttrib
ute
Tota
l Pr
otec
ted
Acr
eage
16
8,36
8 71
,937
(43%
)
Occ
urre
nces
12
7 70
(55%
)
Kno
wn
SGC
N S
peci
es /
Occ
urre
nces
10
7 / 2
89
81 /
156
(76%
/ 54
%)
Pres
ent C
ondi
tion
Fair.
Del
awar
e is
est
imat
ed to
hav
e lo
st o
ver 5
0% o
f its
wet
land
s sin
ce th
e ar
rival
of E
urop
ean
colo
nist
s. T
he m
ajor
ity o
f the
se w
ere
fres
hwat
er w
etla
nds t
hat w
ere
lost
to d
itchi
ng, s
tream
cha
nnel
izat
ion,
con
vers
ion
to p
onds
and
filli
ng fo
r dev
elop
men
t. T
idal
wet
land
sw
ere
also
lost
to fi
lling
for d
evel
opm
ent,
shor
elin
e ha
rden
ing,
con
vers
ion
to im
poun
dmen
ts a
nd d
itchi
ng fo
r mos
quito
con
trol.
Fo
rtuna
tely
, wet
land
regu
latio
ns a
t bot
h th
e st
ate
and
fede
ral l
evel
s hav
e gr
eatly
cur
taile
d th
ese
loss
es in
the
last
seve
ral d
ecad
es –
ac
cord
ing
to th
e m
ost r
ecen
t est
imat
e, a
s litt
le a
s 10
acre
s of t
idal
wet
land
s are
now
lost
eac
h ye
ar –
alth
ough
pro
tect
ion
of is
olat
edfr
eshw
ater
wet
land
s rem
ains
insu
ffic
ient
. Pr
oble
ms r
emai
n w
ith m
ost w
etla
nds,
how
ever
, fro
m d
egra
datio
n ca
used
by
sedi
men
tatio
n,nu
trien
t enr
ichm
ent a
nd in
vasi
ve p
lant
spec
ies.
The
se p
robl
ems a
re e
xace
rbat
ed b
y in
suff
icie
nt n
atur
al b
uffe
r aro
und
man
y w
etla
ndbl
ocks
. A
lso,
the
ultim
ate
fate
of t
idal
wet
land
s, w
hich
con
stitu
te th
e gr
eat b
ulk
of w
etla
nd b
lock
s, re
mai
ns u
ncer
tain
in li
ght o
f pr
edic
ted
sea
leve
l ris
e, e
spec
ially
giv
en th
e la
ck o
f buf
fers
to a
ccom
mod
ate
mig
ratio
n. A
lthou
gh it
cou
ld n
ot b
e co
mpl
eted
in ti
me
for i
nclu
sion
in th
is p
lan,
a G
IS a
naly
sis o
f wet
land
buf
fers
shou
ld b
e pe
rfor
med
to q
uant
ify th
e ex
tent
of t
his i
ssue
.
6.2.
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
for M
ultip
le K
ey H
abita
ts
Cer
tain
of t
hese
issu
es a
ffec
t key
hab
itat s
truct
ure
or fu
nctio
n, w
hile
oth
ers c
ause
dire
ct m
orta
lity
or d
istu
rban
ce o
f SG
CN
. Th
ese
broa
d is
sues
, the
hab
itats
that
they
impa
ct, a
nd th
eir c
orre
spon
ding
act
ions
app
ear i
n th
e ta
bles
bel
ow.
Hab
itats
of C
onse
rvat
ion
Con
cern
are
aga
in lu
mpe
d un
der b
road
er k
ey h
abita
t typ
es fo
r the
reas
ons d
iscu
ssed
in S
ectio
n 6.
1.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-70
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
6.2.
1.H
abita
t Los
s an
d Fr
agm
enta
tion
Hab
itat L
oss
and
Frag
men
tatio
n K
ey H
abita
ts
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
B
each
and
Dun
e H
abita
ts
E
arly
Suc
cess
iona
l Upl
and
Hab
itats
Coa
stal
Pla
in U
plan
d Fo
rest
s
Coa
stal
Pla
in F
ores
ted
Floo
dpla
ins
and
Rip
aria
n Sw
amps
Atla
ntic
Whi
te C
edar
Non
-tida
l Wet
land
s
Coa
stal
Pla
in S
easo
nal P
onds
Inte
rdun
al W
etla
nds
P
iedm
ont S
tream
Val
ley
Wet
land
s
Pea
t Wet
land
s
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
For
este
d an
d S
crub
-S
hrub
Wet
land
s
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
Mar
shes
Tida
l Hig
h M
arsh
es
Ti
dal L
ow M
arsh
es
Fo
rest
Blo
cks
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al S
truct
ures
Coo
rdin
ate
with
par
tner
s to
acq
uire
title
to, o
r ea
sem
ents
on,
site
s th
at a
re c
ritic
al to
the
cons
erva
tion
of k
ey h
abita
ts a
nd S
GC
N
with
in th
e G
reen
Infra
stru
ctur
e N
atur
al
Res
ourc
es F
ocus
Are
a, fo
r man
agem
ent b
y pu
blic
age
ncie
s or
NG
Os.
Im
prov
e fe
dera
l/sta
te/lo
cal c
oord
inat
ion
of
envi
ronm
enta
l rev
iew
to e
nsur
e th
at p
oten
tial
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts a
nd S
GC
N a
re
min
imiz
ed fo
r all
maj
or p
roje
cts.
S
uppo
rt rig
orou
s im
plem
enta
tion
of th
e S
tate
S
trate
gies
for P
olic
ies
and
Spe
ndin
g to
re
stric
t maj
or d
evel
opm
ent t
o Le
vels
1-3
. D
evel
op s
tate
pol
icie
s to
requ
ire
inco
rpor
atio
n of
Key
Wild
life
Hab
itats
into
the
Gre
en In
frast
ruct
ure
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
es
Focu
s A
rea.
See
Fig
ure
19 fo
r a c
ompa
rison
of
the
GI f
ocus
are
a w
ith k
ey h
abita
ts.
Enc
oura
ge K
ent a
nd S
usse
x co
untie
s to
ad
opt o
verla
y zo
ning
ord
inan
ces
for t
he
Gre
en In
frast
ruct
ure
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
es
Focu
s A
rea.
E
ncou
rage
all
coun
ties
to a
dopt
en
viro
nmen
tal d
esig
n st
anda
rds
for
deve
lopm
ent p
roje
cts
in o
rder
to p
rote
ct k
ey
wild
life
habi
tats
and
SG
CN
. W
ork
with
con
serv
atio
n pa
rtner
s, s
tate
and
co
unty
pla
nnin
g of
ficia
ls, a
nd d
evel
oper
s to
cr
eate
cer
tific
atio
n fo
r env
ironm
enta
lly-
frien
dly
deve
lopm
ents
, inc
ludi
ng a
n as
soci
ated
med
ia c
ampa
ign
with
aw
ards
.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
71
Hab
itat L
oss
and
Frag
men
tatio
n K
ey H
abita
ts
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n W
ork
with
dev
elop
ers
to d
esig
n B
MP
s th
at
min
imiz
e im
pact
s to
key
hab
itats
and
SG
CN
by
pre
serv
ing
and
rest
orin
g bu
ffers
and
by
redu
cing
edg
e ef
fect
. E
valu
ate
mea
ns o
f pro
tect
ing
isol
ated
fre
shw
ater
wet
land
key
hab
itats
on
priv
ate
prop
erty
, inc
ludi
ng e
duca
tion
and
outre
ach,
vo
lunt
ary
guid
elin
es, i
ncen
tives
and
re
gula
tions
, as
nece
ssar
y.
Eva
luat
e m
eans
of p
rote
ctin
g fo
rest
ed k
ey
habi
tats
on
priv
ate
prop
erty
, inc
ludi
ng
educ
atio
n an
d ou
treac
h, v
olun
tary
gui
delin
es,
ince
ntiv
es a
nd re
gula
tions
, as
nece
ssar
y.
E
arly
Suc
cess
iona
l Upl
and
Hab
itats
Coa
stal
Pla
in U
plan
d Fo
rest
s
Coa
stal
Pla
in F
ores
ted
Floo
dpla
ins
and
Rip
aria
n Sw
amps
Atla
ntic
Whi
te C
edar
Non
-tida
l Wet
land
s
Coa
stal
Pla
in S
easo
nal P
onds
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
For
este
d an
d S
crub
-S
hrub
Wet
land
s
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
Mar
shes
Tida
l Hig
h M
arsh
es
Fo
rest
Blo
cks
Farm
land
Coo
rdin
ate
with
par
tner
s to
acq
uire
title
to, o
r ea
sem
ents
on,
site
s th
at a
re c
ritic
al to
the
cons
erva
tion
of k
ey h
abita
ts a
nd S
GC
N
with
in th
e G
reen
Infra
stru
ctur
e N
atur
al
Res
ourc
es F
ocus
Are
a, fo
r man
agem
ent b
y pu
blic
age
ncie
s or
NG
Os.
See
Fig
ure
19 fo
r a
com
paris
on o
f the
GI f
ocus
are
a w
ith k
ey
habi
tats
. S
uppo
rt th
e A
gric
ultu
ral L
ands
Pre
serv
atio
n P
rogr
am to
pro
tect
land
from
irre
vers
ible
co
nver
sion
to o
ther
use
s.
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
elaw
are
Dep
artm
ent o
f A
gric
ultu
re, t
he a
gric
ultu
re in
dust
ry a
nd th
e La
ndow
ner I
ncen
tives
Pro
gram
to d
evel
op
BM
Ps,
and
cor
resp
ondi
ng in
cent
ives
, tha
t m
inim
ize
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts, p
rese
rve
and
rest
ore
buffe
rs, a
nd re
duce
edg
e ef
fect
s fo
r are
a-se
nsiti
ve S
GC
N.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-72
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Hab
itat L
oss
and
Frag
men
tatio
n K
ey H
abita
ts
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n E
valu
ate
mea
ns o
f pro
tect
ing
isol
ated
fre
shw
ater
wet
land
key
hab
itats
on
priv
ate
prop
erty
, inc
ludi
ng e
duca
tion
and
outre
ach,
vo
lunt
ary
guid
elin
es, i
ncen
tives
and
re
gula
tions
, as
nece
ssar
y.
Eva
luat
e m
eans
of p
rote
ctin
g fo
rest
ed k
ey
habi
tats
on
priv
ate
prop
erty
, inc
ludi
ng
educ
atio
n an
d ou
treac
h, v
olun
tary
gui
delin
es,
ince
ntiv
es a
nd re
gula
tions
, as
nece
ssar
y.
E
arly
Suc
cess
iona
l Upl
and
Hab
itats
Coa
stal
Pla
in U
plan
d Fo
rest
s
Coa
stal
Pla
in F
ores
ted
Floo
dpla
ins
and
Rip
aria
n Sw
amps
Atla
ntic
Whi
te C
edar
Non
-tida
l Wet
land
s
Coa
stal
Pla
in S
easo
nal P
onds
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
For
este
d an
d S
crub
-S
hrub
Wet
land
s
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
Mar
shes
Tida
l Hig
h M
arsh
es
Fo
rest
Blo
cks
Indu
stria
l Fac
ilitie
s
Sup
port
rigor
ous
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
Sta
te
Stra
tegi
es fo
r Pol
icie
s an
d S
pend
ing
to
rest
rict m
ajor
dev
elop
men
t to
Leve
ls 1
-3.
Eva
luat
e th
e us
e of
edu
catio
n an
d ou
treac
h,
ince
ntiv
es, p
artn
ersh
ips,
and
/or r
egul
atio
ns,
as n
eces
sary
, for
rest
orin
g ke
y ha
bita
ts a
nd
SG
CN
on
clos
ed s
and
and
grav
el q
uarr
ies.
B
each
and
Dun
e H
abita
ts
E
arly
Suc
cess
iona
l Upl
and
Hab
itats
Coa
stal
Pla
in U
plan
d Fo
rest
s
Coa
stal
Pla
in F
ores
ted
Floo
dpla
ins
and
Rip
aria
n Sw
amps
Atla
ntic
Whi
te C
edar
Non
-tida
l Wet
land
s
Coa
stal
Pla
in S
easo
nal P
onds
Tran
spor
tatio
n In
frast
ruct
ure
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
elaw
are
Dep
artm
ent o
f Tr
ansp
orta
tion
to in
tegr
ate
key
habi
tat a
nd
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n in
to lo
ng-ra
nge
trans
porta
tion
plan
ning
. W
ork
with
the
Del
awar
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Tran
spor
tatio
n to
inte
grat
e ke
y ha
bita
t and
S
GC
N c
onse
rvat
ion
into
wet
land
and
fore
st
miti
gatio
n.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
73
Hab
itat L
oss
and
Frag
men
tatio
n K
ey H
abita
ts
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
Inte
rdun
al W
etla
nds
P
iedm
ont S
tream
Val
ley
Wet
land
s
Pea
t Wet
land
s
Riv
erin
e A
quat
ic a
nd S
ubm
erge
d V
eget
atio
n
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
For
este
d an
d S
crub
-S
hrub
Wet
land
s
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
Mar
shes
Tida
l Hig
h M
arsh
es
Ti
dal L
ow M
arsh
es
N
on-ti
dal C
oast
al P
lain
Stre
ams
Impo
undm
ents
Fore
st B
lock
s
Wet
land
Blo
cks
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
elaw
are
Dep
artm
ent o
f Tr
ansp
orta
tion
to d
evel
op B
MP
s to
inte
grat
e ke
y ha
bita
t and
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n in
to
land
scap
ing,
mow
ing,
inva
sive
pla
nt c
ontro
l an
d ot
her r
oad
mai
nten
ance
, inc
ludi
ng
pres
ervi
ng a
nd re
stor
ing
buffe
rs a
nd re
duci
ng
edge
effe
cts.
B
each
and
Dun
e H
abita
ts
E
arly
Suc
cess
iona
l Upl
and
Hab
itats
Coa
stal
Pla
in U
plan
d Fo
rest
s
Coa
stal
Pla
in F
ores
ted
Floo
dpla
ins
and
Rip
aria
n Sw
amps
Atla
ntic
Whi
te C
edar
Non
-tida
l Wet
land
s
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
For
este
d an
d S
crub
-S
hrub
Wet
land
s
Tida
l Hig
h M
arsh
es
Ti
dal L
ow M
arsh
es
Fo
rest
Blo
cks
W
etla
nd B
lock
s
Util
ity C
orrid
ors
Wor
k w
ith u
tiliti
es a
nd s
tate
and
loca
l pl
anni
ng o
ffici
als
to in
tegr
ate
key
habi
tat a
nd
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n in
to lo
ng-r
ange
pla
nnin
g fo
r ele
ctric
, wat
er, s
ewer
, nat
ural
gas
and
pe
trole
um li
nes.
Wor
k w
ith u
tiliti
es to
dev
elop
BM
Ps
to
inte
grat
e ke
y ha
bita
t and
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n in
to c
orrid
or m
aint
enan
ce, i
nclu
ding
co
ntro
lling
inva
sive
spe
cies
, pre
serv
ing
and
rest
orin
g bu
ffers
and
redu
cing
edg
e ef
fect
s.
E
arly
Suc
cess
iona
l Upl
and
Hab
itats
Coa
stal
Pla
in F
ores
ted
Floo
dpla
ins
and
Rip
aria
n Sw
amps
Atla
ntic
Whi
te C
edar
Non
-tida
l Wet
land
s
Tida
l Hig
h M
arsh
es
Ti
dal L
ow M
arsh
es
N
ears
hore
Hab
itats
Dre
dge
Spo
il D
ispo
sal
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of S
oil a
nd W
ater
C
onse
rvat
ion
and
the
US
Arm
y C
orps
of
Eng
inee
rs to
inco
rpor
ate
key
habi
tat a
nd
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n in
to s
poil
disp
osal
pla
ns.
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of S
oil a
nd W
ater
C
onse
rvat
ion
and
the
US
Arm
y C
orps
of
Eng
inee
rs to
miti
gate
con
tam
inan
t im
pact
s to
S
GC
N.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-74
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Hab
itat L
oss
and
Frag
men
tatio
n K
ey H
abita
ts
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n W
ork
with
the
Div
isio
n of
Soi
l and
Wat
er
Con
serv
atio
n an
d th
e U
S A
rmy
Cor
ps o
f E
ngin
eers
to id
entif
y si
tes
for u
se o
f dre
dge
spoi
ls to
cre
ate/
rest
ore
key
habi
tats
.
E
arly
Suc
cess
iona
l Upl
and
Hab
itats
Coa
stal
Pla
in U
plan
d Fo
rest
s
Coa
stal
Pla
in F
ores
ted
Floo
dpla
ins
and
Rip
aria
n Sw
amps
Atla
ntic
Whi
te C
edar
Non
-tida
l Wet
land
s
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
For
este
d an
d S
crub
-S
hrub
Wet
land
s
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
Mar
shes
Tida
l Hig
h M
arsh
es
Fo
rest
Blo
cks
Land
fill F
acilit
ies
Sup
port
rigor
ous
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
Sta
te
Stra
tegi
es fo
r Pol
icie
s an
d S
pend
ing
to
rest
rict m
ajor
dev
elop
men
t to
Leve
ls 1
-3.
6.2.
2.R
esid
entia
l and
Com
mer
cial
Dev
elop
men
t Pra
ctic
es
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al D
evel
opm
ent P
ract
ices
K
ey H
abita
ts
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
C
oast
al P
lain
For
este
d Fl
oodp
lain
s an
d R
ipar
ian
Swam
ps
A
tlant
ic W
hite
Ced
ar N
on-ti
dal W
etla
nds
C
oast
al P
lain
Sea
sona
l Pon
ds
In
terd
unal
Wet
land
s
Pie
dmon
t Stre
am V
alle
y W
etla
nds
P
eat W
etla
nds
R
iver
ine
Aqu
atic
and
Sub
mer
ged
Veg
etat
ion
N
on-ti
dal C
oast
al P
lain
Stre
ams
Im
poun
dmen
ts
Alte
red
Hyd
rolo
gy
Enc
oura
ge th
e co
untie
s to
stre
ngth
en
enfo
rcem
ent o
f sto
rmw
ater
man
agem
ent
regu
latio
ns.
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of S
oil a
nd W
ater
C
onse
rvat
ion
and
the
Trib
utar
y A
ctio
n Te
ams
to p
rom
ote
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
BM
Ps
for
stor
mw
ater
man
agem
ent.
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of S
oil a
nd W
ater
C
onse
rvat
ion
and
the
Trib
utar
y A
ctio
n Te
ams
to e
nsur
e in
tegr
atio
n of
key
hab
itat a
nd
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n an
d m
onito
ring
into
all
Pol
lutio
n C
ontro
l Stra
tegi
es.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
75
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al D
evel
opm
ent P
ract
ices
K
ey H
abita
ts
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
C
oast
al P
lain
For
este
d Fl
oodp
lain
s an
d R
ipar
ian
Swam
ps
A
tlant
ic W
hite
Ced
ar N
on-T
idal
Wet
land
s
Coa
stal
Pla
in S
easo
nal P
onds
Inte
rdun
al W
etla
nds
P
iedm
ont S
tream
Val
ley
Wet
land
s
Pea
t Wet
land
s
Riv
erin
e A
quat
ic a
nd S
ubm
erge
d V
eget
atio
n
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
For
este
d an
d S
crub
-S
hrub
Wet
land
s
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
Mar
shes
Tida
l Hig
h M
arsh
es
Ti
dal L
ow M
arsh
es
N
on-T
idal
Coa
stal
Pla
in S
tream
s
Nea
rsho
re H
abita
ts
Im
poun
dmen
ts
Nut
rient
s an
d S
edim
ents
Enc
oura
ge th
e co
untie
s to
stre
ngth
en
enfo
rcem
ent o
f ero
sion
and
sed
imen
t con
trol
regu
latio
ns.
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of S
oil a
nd W
ater
C
onse
rvat
ion
and
the
Trib
utar
y A
ctio
n Te
ams
to p
rom
ote
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
BM
Ps
for
eros
ion
and
sedi
men
t con
trol.
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of S
oil a
nd W
ater
C
onse
rvat
ion
and
the
Trib
utar
y A
ctio
n Te
ams
to e
nsur
e in
tegr
atio
n of
key
hab
itat a
nd
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n an
d m
onito
ring
into
all
Pol
lutio
n C
ontro
l Stra
tegi
es.
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of S
oil a
nd W
ater
C
onse
rvat
ion
to in
tegr
ate
key
habi
tat a
nd
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n in
to s
tate
wat
er q
ualit
y st
anda
rds
for n
utrie
nts
and
sedi
men
ts.
C
oast
al P
lain
Sea
sona
l Pon
ds
In
terd
unal
Wet
land
s
Pie
dmon
t Stre
am V
alle
y W
etla
nds
P
eat W
etla
nds
R
iver
ine
Aqu
atic
and
Sub
mer
ged
Veg
etat
ion
Fr
eshw
ater
Tid
al F
ores
ted
and
Scr
ub-
Shr
ub W
etla
nds
Fr
eshw
ater
Tid
al M
arsh
es
Pes
ticid
es
Wor
k w
ith C
oope
rativ
e E
xten
sion
to p
rom
ote
IPM
impl
emen
tatio
n to
min
imiz
e im
pact
s of
re
side
ntia
l and
com
mer
cial
pes
ticid
es o
n S
GC
N. W
ork
also
with
the
Land
owne
r In
cent
ives
Pro
gram
to d
evel
op in
cent
ives
for
IPM
impl
emen
tatio
n on
priv
ate
golf
cour
ses,
re
crea
tiona
l fac
ilitie
s an
d co
mm
on a
reas
. W
ork
with
Coo
pera
tive
Ext
ensi
on to
inte
grat
e ke
y ha
bita
t and
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n in
to
pest
icid
e ap
plic
ator
trai
ning
.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-76
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al D
evel
opm
ent P
ract
ices
K
ey H
abita
ts
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
Tida
l Hig
h M
arsh
es
Ti
dal L
ow M
arsh
es
N
on-ti
dal C
oast
al P
lain
Stre
ams
N
ears
hore
Hab
itats
Impo
undm
ents
Wor
k w
ith C
oope
rativ
e E
xten
sion
to d
evel
op
educ
atio
n an
d ou
treac
h fo
r lan
dow
ners
abo
ut
the
impa
cts
of re
side
ntia
l pes
ticid
es o
n S
GC
N.
B
each
and
Dun
e H
abita
ts
Fr
eshw
ater
Tid
al F
ores
ted
and
Scr
ub-
Shr
ub W
etla
nds
Fr
eshw
ater
Tid
al M
arsh
es
Ti
dal H
igh
Mar
shes
Tida
l Low
Mar
shes
Pie
rs a
nd D
ocks
Wor
k w
ith d
evel
oper
s to
cre
ate
desi
gn
stan
dard
s fo
r pie
rs a
nd d
ocks
that
min
imiz
e ha
bita
t los
s or
frag
men
tatio
n.
Wor
k w
ith c
ount
y bu
ildin
g of
ficia
ls to
en
cour
age
deve
lope
rs to
con
stru
ct
com
mun
ity p
iers
and
doc
ks in
sub
divi
sion
s, in
pl
ace
of in
divi
dual
stru
ctur
es.
6.2.
3.A
gric
ultu
ral a
nd F
ores
try
Ope
ratio
ns
Agr
icul
tura
l and
For
estr
y O
pera
tions
K
ey H
abita
ts
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
Coa
stal
Pla
in F
ores
ted
Floo
dpla
ins
and
Rip
aria
n Sw
amps
Atla
ntic
Whi
te C
edar
Non
-tida
l Wet
land
s
Coa
stal
Pla
in S
easo
nal P
onds
Pea
t Wet
land
s
Riv
erin
e A
quat
ic a
nd S
ubm
erge
d V
eget
atio
n
Non
-Tid
al C
oast
al P
lain
Stre
ams
Im
poun
dmen
ts
Alte
red
Hyd
rolo
gy
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
elaw
are
Dep
artm
ent o
f A
gric
ultu
re a
nd th
e Tr
ibut
ary
Act
ion
Team
s to
pr
omot
e th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of B
MP
s fo
r st
orm
wat
er m
anag
emen
t. W
ork
with
the
Div
isio
n of
Soi
l and
Wat
er
Con
serv
atio
n an
d th
e Tr
ibut
ary
Act
ion
Team
s to
ens
ure
inte
grat
ion
of k
ey h
abita
t and
S
GC
N c
onse
rvat
ion
and
mon
itorin
g in
to a
ll P
ollu
tion
Con
trol S
trate
gies
.
C
oast
al P
lain
For
este
d Fl
oodp
lain
s an
d R
ipar
ian
Swam
ps
A
tlant
ic W
hite
Ced
ar N
on-ti
dal W
etla
nds
C
oast
al P
lain
Sea
sona
l Pon
ds
P
eat W
etla
nds
R
iver
ine
Aqu
atic
and
Sub
mer
ged
Nut
rient
s an
d S
edim
ents
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
elaw
are
Dep
artm
ent o
f A
gric
ultu
re a
nd th
e Tr
ibut
ary
Act
ion
Team
s to
pr
omot
e th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of B
MP
s fo
r er
osio
n an
d se
dim
ent c
ontro
l.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
77
Agr
icul
tura
l and
For
estr
y O
pera
tions
K
ey H
abita
ts
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n V
eget
atio
n
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
For
este
d an
d S
crub
-S
hrub
Wet
land
s
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
Mar
shes
Tida
l Hig
h M
arsh
es
Ti
dal L
ow M
arsh
es
N
on-T
idal
Coa
stal
Pla
in S
tream
s
Impo
undm
ents
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of S
oil a
nd W
ater
C
onse
rvat
ion
and
the
Trib
utar
y A
ctio
n Te
ams
to e
nsur
e in
tegr
atio
n of
key
hab
itat a
nd
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n an
d m
onito
ring
into
all
Pol
lutio
n C
ontro
l Stra
tegi
es.
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of S
oil a
nd W
ater
C
onse
rvat
ion
to in
tegr
ate
key
habi
tat a
nd
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n in
to s
tate
wat
er q
ualit
y st
anda
rds
for n
utrie
nts
and
sedi
men
ts.
C
oast
al P
lain
For
este
d Fl
oodp
lain
s an
d R
ipar
ian
Swam
ps
A
tlant
ic W
hite
Ced
ar N
on-ti
dal W
etla
nds
C
oast
al P
lain
Sea
sona
l Pon
ds
P
eat W
etla
nds
R
iver
ine
Aqu
atic
and
Sub
mer
ged
Veg
etat
ion
Fr
eshw
ater
Tid
al F
ores
ted
and
Scr
ub-
Shr
ub W
etla
nds
Fr
eshw
ater
Tid
al M
arsh
es
Ti
dal H
igh
Mar
shes
Tida
l Low
Mar
shes
Non
-tida
l Coa
stal
Pla
in S
tream
s
Nea
rsho
re H
abita
ts
Im
poun
dmen
ts
Pes
ticid
es
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
elaw
are
Dep
artm
ent o
f A
gric
ultu
re a
nd th
e ag
ricul
tura
l com
mun
ity to
pr
omot
e im
plem
enta
tion
of IP
M to
min
imiz
e im
pact
s of
agr
icul
tura
l pes
ticid
es o
n S
GC
N.
Wor
k al
so w
ith th
e La
ndow
ner I
ncen
tives
P
rogr
am to
dev
elop
ince
ntiv
es fo
r IP
M
impl
emen
tatio
n on
farm
land
.
C
oast
al P
lain
Upl
and
Fore
sts
C
oast
al P
lain
For
este
d Fl
oodp
lain
s an
d R
ipar
ian
Swam
ps
A
tlant
ic W
hite
Ced
ar N
on-ti
dal W
etla
nds
C
oast
al P
lain
Sea
sona
l Pon
ds
Fr
eshw
ater
Tid
al F
ores
ted
and
Scr
ub-
Shr
ub W
etla
nds
Cle
arcu
tting
and
Oth
er F
ores
try P
ract
ices
Coo
rdin
ate
with
par
tner
s to
acq
uire
title
to, o
r ea
sem
ents
on,
site
s th
at a
re c
ritic
al to
the
cons
erva
tion
of k
ey h
abita
ts a
nd S
GC
N
with
in th
e G
reen
Infra
stru
ctur
e N
atur
al
Res
ourc
es F
ocus
Are
a, fo
r man
agem
ent b
y pu
blic
age
ncie
s or
NG
Os.
See
Fig
ure
19 fo
r a
com
paris
on o
f the
GI f
ocus
are
a w
ith k
ey
habi
tats
.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-78
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Agr
icul
tura
l and
For
estr
y O
pera
tions
K
ey H
abita
ts
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
Mar
shes
Tida
l Hig
h M
arsh
es
Fo
rest
Blo
cks
W
etla
nd B
lock
s
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
elaw
are
Fore
st S
ervi
ce to
in
tegr
ate
key
habi
tat a
nd S
GC
N c
onse
rvat
ion
into
fore
st m
anag
emen
t pla
nnin
g.
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
elaw
are
Fore
st S
ervi
ce, t
he
fore
stry
indu
stry
and
the
Land
owne
r In
cent
ives
Pro
gram
to d
evel
op B
MP
s an
d co
rresp
ondi
ng in
cent
ives
to p
rese
rve
or
rest
ore
key
habi
tat b
uffe
rs a
nd re
duce
edg
e ef
fect
s fo
r are
a-se
nsiti
ve S
GC
N.
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
elaw
are
Fore
st S
ervi
ce a
nd
the
fore
stry
indu
stry
to im
plem
ent a
Mas
ter
Logg
er p
rogr
am to
enc
oura
ge la
ndow
ners
to
wor
k w
ith lo
gger
s w
ho h
arve
st fo
rest
s su
stai
nabl
y.
6.2.
4.In
dust
rial O
pera
tions
In
dust
rial O
pera
tions
K
ey H
abita
ts
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
B
each
and
Dun
e H
abita
ts
E
arly
Suc
cess
iona
l Upl
and
Hab
itats
A
ir P
ollu
tion
Sup
port
rese
arch
to a
sses
s an
d m
onito
r im
pact
s of
airb
orne
pol
luta
nts
on k
ey
habi
tats
.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
79
Indu
stria
l Ope
ratio
ns
Key
Hab
itats
Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
C
oast
al P
lain
Upl
and
Fore
sts
C
oast
al P
lain
For
este
d Fl
oodp
lain
s an
d R
ipar
ian
Swam
ps
A
tlant
ic W
hite
Ced
ar N
on-ti
dal W
etla
nds
C
oast
al P
lain
Sea
sona
l Pon
ds
In
terd
unal
Wet
land
s
Pie
dmon
t Stre
am V
alle
y W
etla
nds
P
eat W
etla
nds
R
iver
ine
Aqu
atic
and
Sub
mer
ged
Veg
etat
ion
Fr
eshw
ater
Tid
al F
ores
ted
and
Scr
ub-
Shr
ub W
etla
nds
Fr
eshw
ater
Tid
al M
arsh
es
Ti
dal H
igh
Mar
shes
Tida
l Low
Mar
shes
Non
-tida
l Coa
stal
Pla
in S
tream
s
Nea
rsho
re H
abita
ts
Enf
orce
exi
stin
g lim
its o
n re
leas
es o
f airb
orne
po
lluta
nts.
B
each
and
Dun
e H
abita
ts
C
oast
al P
lain
For
este
d Fl
oodp
lain
s an
d R
ipar
ian
Swam
ps
A
tlant
ic W
hite
Ced
ar N
on-ti
dal W
etla
nds
P
iedm
ont S
tream
Val
ley
Wet
land
s
Pea
t Wet
land
s
Riv
erin
e A
quat
ic a
nd S
ubm
erge
d V
eget
atio
n
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
For
este
d an
d S
crub
-S
hrub
Wet
land
s
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
Mar
shes
Tida
l Hig
h M
arsh
es
Ti
dal L
ow M
arsh
es
N
on-ti
dal C
oast
al P
lain
Stre
ams
N
ears
hore
Hab
itats
Acc
iden
tal S
pills
of T
oxin
s an
d S
ewag
e
Wor
k w
ith th
e E
mer
genc
y R
espo
nse
Bra
nch
to in
tegr
ate
key
habi
tat a
nd S
GC
N p
rote
ctio
n in
to e
mer
genc
y re
spon
se p
lann
ing.
Pro
vide
trai
ning
for D
FW s
taff,
suc
h as
in
cide
nt m
anag
emen
t, ha
zard
ous
mat
eria
ls
hand
ling
and
wild
life
resc
ue, t
o fa
cilit
ate
invo
lvem
ent i
n em
erge
ncy
resp
onse
act
ions
.
Mai
ntai
n D
FW in
volv
emen
t in
the
Nat
ural
R
esou
rce
Dam
age
Ass
essm
ent p
roce
ss.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-80
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Indu
stria
l Ope
ratio
ns
Key
Hab
itats
Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Dev
elop
/enh
ance
par
tner
ship
s w
ith T
ri-S
tate
B
ird R
escu
e an
d ot
her w
ildlif
e re
habi
litat
ors
to im
prov
e em
erge
ncy
resp
onse
.
P
iedm
ont S
tream
Val
ley
Wet
land
s
Pea
t Wet
land
s
Riv
erin
e A
quat
ic a
nd S
ubm
erge
d V
eget
atio
n
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
For
este
d an
d S
crub
-S
hrub
Wet
land
s
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
Mar
shes
Tida
l Hig
h M
arsh
es
Ti
dal L
ow M
arsh
es
N
on-ti
dal C
oast
al P
lain
Stre
ams
N
ears
hore
Hab
itats
Chr
onic
Wat
er P
ollu
tion
Ass
ess
and
mon
itor t
he im
pact
s of
wat
er
pollu
tion
on k
ey h
abita
ts a
nd S
GC
N.
Sup
port
the
Div
isio
n of
Wat
er R
esou
rces
en
forc
emen
t of e
xist
ing
limits
on
rele
ases
of
wat
er p
ollu
tion.
C
oast
al P
lain
For
este
d Fl
oodp
lain
s an
d R
ipar
ian
Swam
ps
A
tlant
ic W
hite
Ced
ar N
on-ti
dal W
etla
nds
P
eat W
etla
nds
R
iver
ine
Aqu
atic
and
Sub
mer
ged
Veg
etat
ion
Fr
eshw
ater
Tid
al F
ores
ted
and
Scr
ub-
Shr
ub W
etla
nds
Fr
eshw
ater
Tid
al M
arsh
es
Ti
dal H
igh
Mar
shes
Tida
l Low
Mar
shes
Non
-tida
l Coa
stal
Pla
in S
tream
s
Nea
rsho
re H
abita
ts
Sed
imen
ts fr
om S
and
and
Gra
vel Q
uarry
ing
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of S
oil a
nd W
ater
C
onse
rvat
ion
and
the
Land
owne
r Inc
entiv
es
Pro
gram
to d
evel
op B
MP
s, a
nd
corr
espo
ndin
g in
cent
ives
, for
qua
rrie
s to
m
inim
ize
impa
cts
of s
edim
ents
on
key
habi
tats
.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
81
6.2.
5.Tr
ansp
orta
tion
and
Util
ity O
pera
tions
and
Mai
nten
ance
Tr
ansp
orta
tion
and
Util
ity O
pera
tions
and
Mai
nten
ance
K
ey H
abita
ts
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
C
oast
al P
lain
For
este
d Fl
oodp
lain
s an
d R
ipar
ian
Swam
ps
P
iedm
ont S
tream
Val
ley
Wet
land
s
Pea
t Wet
land
s
Riv
erin
e A
quat
ic a
nd S
ubm
erge
d V
eget
atio
n
Non
-tida
l Coa
stal
Pla
in S
tream
s
Im
poun
dmen
ts
Alte
red
Hyd
rolo
gy
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
elaw
are
Dep
artm
ent o
f Tr
ansp
orta
tion
to in
tegr
ate
key
habi
tat a
nd
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n in
to s
torm
wat
er
man
agem
ent d
esig
n.
6.2.
6.In
vasi
ve S
peci
es, N
uisa
nce
Ani
mal
s an
d W
ildlif
e D
isea
ses
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
, Nui
sanc
e A
nim
als
and
Wild
life
Dis
ease
s K
ey H
abita
ts
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
B
each
and
Dun
e H
abita
ts
E
arly
Suc
cess
iona
l Upl
and
Hab
itats
Coa
stal
Pla
in U
plan
d Fo
rest
s
Coa
stal
Pla
in F
ores
ted
Floo
dpla
ins
and
Rip
aria
n Sw
amps
Atla
ntic
Whi
te C
edar
Non
-tida
l Wet
land
s
Coa
stal
Pla
in S
easo
nal P
onds
Inte
rdun
al W
etla
nds
P
iedm
ont S
tream
Val
ley
Wet
land
s
Pea
t Wet
land
s
Riv
erin
e A
quat
ic a
nd S
ubm
erge
d V
eget
atio
n
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
For
este
d an
d S
crub
-S
hrub
Wet
land
s
Inva
sive
Pla
nts
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
elaw
are
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
C
ounc
il to
est
ablis
h an
inte
rage
ncy
early
de
tect
ion
and
rapi
d re
spon
se s
yste
m to
reac
t to
new
inva
sion
s.
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
elaw
are
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
C
ounc
il an
d co
nser
vatio
n la
nd m
anag
ers
to
asse
ss a
nd m
onito
r im
pact
s of
inva
sive
pl
ants
usi
ng th
e D
elaw
are
Alie
n P
lant
In
vasi
vene
ss R
isk
Ass
essm
ent p
roto
col,
and
prio
ritiz
e co
ntro
l effo
rts b
ased
on
degr
ee o
f ris
k.
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
elaw
are
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
C
ounc
il an
d co
nser
vatio
n la
nd m
anag
ers
to
cond
uct q
uant
itativ
e in
vasi
ve p
lant
sur
veys
of
key
habi
tats
.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-82
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
, Nui
sanc
e A
nim
als
and
Wild
life
Dis
ease
s K
ey H
abita
ts
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
Mar
shes
Tida
l Hig
h M
arsh
es
Ti
dal L
ow M
arsh
es
N
on-ti
dal C
oast
al P
lain
Stre
ams
Im
poun
dmen
ts
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
elaw
are
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
C
ounc
il an
d co
nser
vatio
n la
nd m
anag
ers
to
deve
lop
and
impl
emen
t ada
ptiv
e m
anag
emen
t pla
ns fo
r con
trol o
f inv
asiv
e sp
ecie
s.
Dev
elop
edu
catio
n an
d ou
treac
h,
partn
ersh
ips,
vol
unta
ry g
uide
lines
, inc
entiv
es,
and/
or re
gula
tions
, as
nece
ssar
y, fo
r co
ntro
lling
inva
sive
pla
nts
on p
rivat
e pr
oper
ty
and
in p
rivat
e co
mm
erce
, to
min
imiz
e im
pact
s to
key
hab
itats
.R
equi
re u
se o
f nat
ive
spec
ies
for n
ew
plan
tings
or r
epla
ntin
gs o
n la
nds
man
aged
by
the
stat
e, s
imila
r to
the
Nat
ive
Pla
nts
Pol
icy
of th
e D
ivis
ion
of P
arks
and
Rec
reat
ion.
W
ork
with
the
Del
awar
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Tran
spor
tatio
n, D
elaw
are
Cen
ter f
or
Hor
ticul
ture
and
Coo
pera
tive
Ext
ensi
on to
en
hanc
e tra
nspo
rtatio
n co
nstru
ctio
n an
d m
aint
enan
ce p
ract
ices
suc
h as
requ
iring
the
plan
ting
of n
ativ
e sp
ecie
s, a
nd li
miti
ng
mow
ing
durin
g br
eedi
ng, m
igra
tion
or o
ther
cr
itica
l tim
es fo
r SG
CN
. S
uppo
rt im
plem
enta
tion
of th
e D
elaw
are
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
Man
agem
ent P
lan,
as
appr
opria
te, t
o re
duce
the
impa
cts
of in
vasi
ve
spec
ies
on k
ey h
abita
ts a
nd S
GC
N.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
83
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
, Nui
sanc
e A
nim
als
and
Wild
life
Dis
ease
s K
ey H
abita
ts
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
Ear
ly S
ucce
ssio
nal U
plan
d H
abita
ts
C
oast
al P
lain
Upl
and
Fore
sts
C
oast
al P
lain
For
este
d Fl
oodp
lain
s an
d R
ipar
ian
Swam
ps
A
tlant
ic W
hite
Ced
ar N
on-ti
dal W
etla
nds
C
oast
al P
lain
Sea
sona
l Pon
ds
In
terd
unal
Wet
land
s
Pie
dmon
t Stre
am V
alle
y W
etla
nds
P
eat W
etla
nds
Fr
eshw
ater
Tid
al M
arsh
es
Ti
dal H
igh
Mar
shes
Tida
l Low
Mar
shes
Impo
undm
ents
Con
trol o
f Inv
asiv
e P
lant
s
Par
tner
with
the
Del
awar
e In
vasi
ve S
peci
es
Cou
ncil
and
land
man
agem
ent a
genc
ies
to
inte
grat
e ke
y ha
bita
t and
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n in
to in
vasi
ves
cont
rol p
ract
ices
.
6.2.
7.C
limat
e C
hang
e C
limat
e C
hang
e K
ey H
abita
ts
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
B
each
and
Dun
e H
abita
ts
C
oast
al P
lain
Upl
and
Fore
sts
Fr
eshw
ater
Tid
al F
ores
ted
and
Scr
ub-
Shr
ub W
etla
nds
Fr
eshw
ater
Tid
al M
arsh
es
Ti
dal H
igh
Mar
shes
Tida
l Low
Mar
shes
Impo
undm
ents
Fore
st B
lock
s
Wet
land
Blo
cks
Sea
Lev
el R
ise
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
ivis
ion
of S
oil a
nd W
ater
C
onse
rvat
ion
to in
tegr
ate
key
habi
tat a
nd
SG
CN
con
serv
atio
n in
to lo
ng-r
ange
pla
nnin
g fo
r sea
leve
l ris
e.
Inco
rpor
ate
sea
leve
l ris
e sc
enar
ios
in a
ll re
leva
nt a
rea,
hab
itat a
nd s
peci
es
man
agem
ent p
lans
. S
uppo
rt im
plem
enta
tion
of th
e D
elaw
are
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Act
ion
Pla
n, a
s ap
prop
riate
, to
redu
ce g
reen
hous
e ga
s em
issi
ons
and
incr
ease
car
bon
sequ
estra
tion.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-84
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
6.2.
8.R
ecre
atio
nal A
ctiv
ities
R
ecre
atio
nal A
ctiv
ities
K
ey H
abita
ts
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
B
each
and
Dun
e H
abita
ts
E
arly
Suc
cess
iona
l Upl
and
Hab
itats
Coa
stal
Pla
in U
plan
d Fo
rest
s
Coa
stal
Pla
in F
ores
ted
Floo
dpla
ins
and
Rip
aria
n Sw
amps
Coa
stal
Pla
in S
easo
nal P
onds
Riv
erin
e A
quat
ic a
nd S
ubm
erge
d V
eget
atio
n
Tida
l Hig
h M
arsh
es
Ti
dal L
ow M
arsh
es
N
on-ti
dal C
oast
al P
lain
Stre
ams
N
ears
hore
Hab
itats
Impo
undm
ents
Rec
reat
iona
l Use
on
Foot
and
with
Boa
ts,
Per
sona
l Wat
ercr
aft a
nd O
ff-R
oad
Veh
icle
s
Ass
ess
the
impa
cts
of O
RV
s on
bea
ch a
nd
dune
, ear
ly s
ucce
ssio
nal a
nd fo
rest
ed
habi
tats
, and
use
this
ass
essm
ent a
nd lo
ng-
term
mon
itorin
g to
ada
pt m
anag
emen
t as
nece
ssar
y.
Wor
k w
ith m
anuf
actu
rers
and
reta
ilers
to
deve
lop
educ
atio
n an
d ou
treac
h fo
r bea
ch
user
s, b
oate
rs, a
nd P
WC
and
OR
V u
sers
ab
out m
inim
izin
g im
pact
s to
SG
CN
. P
ost a
nd/o
r fen
ce n
estin
g si
tes,
bre
edin
g co
ncen
tratio
ns o
r oth
er c
ritic
al a
reas
on
publ
ic p
rope
rty to
pro
tect
SG
CN
, and
enf
orce
re
stric
tions
. S
treng
then
enf
orce
men
t of r
egul
atio
ns fo
r off-
road
veh
icle
s on
man
aged
are
as to
pro
tect
ke
y ha
bita
ts a
nd S
GC
N.
Stre
ngth
en e
nfor
cem
ent o
f sur
f fis
hing
per
mit
regu
latio
ns o
n pu
blic
pro
perty
to p
rote
ct
SG
CN
. W
ork
with
priv
ate
land
owne
rs to
lim
it ac
cess
to
nes
ting
site
s, b
reed
ing
conc
entra
tions
or
othe
r crit
ical
are
as to
pro
tect
SG
CN
. P
ost “
no w
ake”
zon
es to
pro
tect
key
hab
itats
an
d en
forc
e th
em.
Sup
port
expa
nsio
n of
the
Div
isio
n of
Soi
l and
W
ater
Con
serv
atio
n’s
Cle
an M
arin
as
Pro
gram
to re
duce
pol
lutio
n im
pact
s to
key
ha
bita
ts a
nd S
GC
N.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
85
6.2.
9.R
esou
rce
Man
agem
ent
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t K
ey H
abita
ts
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
B
each
and
Dun
e H
abita
ts
E
arly
Suc
cess
iona
l Upl
and
Hab
itats
Coa
stal
Pla
in U
plan
d Fo
rest
s
Coa
stal
Pla
in F
ores
ted
Floo
dpla
ins
and
Rip
aria
n Sw
amps
Atla
ntic
Whi
te C
edar
Non
-tida
l Wet
land
s
Coa
stal
Pla
in S
easo
nal P
onds
Inte
rdun
al W
etla
nds
P
iedm
ont S
tream
Val
ley
Wet
land
s
Pea
t Wet
land
s
Riv
erin
e A
quat
ic a
nd S
ubm
erge
d V
eget
atio
n
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
For
este
d an
d S
crub
-S
hrub
Wet
land
s
Fres
hwat
er T
idal
Mar
shes
Tida
l Hig
h M
arsh
es
Ti
dal L
ow M
arsh
es
N
on-ti
dal C
oast
al P
lain
Stre
ams
N
ears
hore
Hab
itats
Impo
undm
ents
Fore
st B
lock
s
Wet
land
Blo
cks
Hab
itat/W
ildlif
e M
anag
emen
t
Ana
lyze
spe
cies
and
hab
itat m
anag
emen
t on
stat
e co
nser
vatio
n la
nds
– W
ildlif
e A
reas
, P
arks
, and
For
ests
– a
nd a
dapt
man
agem
ent
as n
eces
sary
to in
crea
se k
ey h
abita
t pat
ch
size
and
redu
ce e
dge
effe
cts
on S
GC
N.
Enc
oura
ge F
eder
al a
nd N
GO
con
serv
atio
n la
nds
man
ager
s to
ada
pt s
peci
es a
nd h
abita
t m
anag
emen
t to
incr
ease
key
hab
itat p
atch
si
ze a
nd re
duce
edg
e ef
fect
s on
SG
CN
. E
valu
ate
mea
ns o
f man
agin
g fo
r SG
CN
and
ke
y ha
bita
ts o
n pr
ivat
e pr
oper
ty, i
nclu
ding
ed
ucat
ion
and
outre
ach,
vol
unta
ry g
uide
lines
, in
cent
ives
and
regu
latio
ns, a
s ne
cess
ary.
Faci
lity
and
Prog
ram
Ope
ratio
ns
Rev
iew
faci
lity
and
prog
ram
ope
ratio
ns o
n st
ate
cons
erva
tion
land
s –
Wild
life
Are
as,
Par
ks, a
nd F
ores
ts –
and
dev
elop
sta
te
polic
ies
for m
inim
izin
g im
pact
s to
key
hab
itats
an
d S
GC
N.
Est
ablis
h M
OU
s w
ith D
PR
and
th
e S
tate
For
est S
ervi
ce a
bout
con
sulta
tion
with
DFW
on
issu
es im
pact
ing
key
habi
tats
an
d S
GC
N in
Sta
te P
arks
and
Sta
te F
ores
ts.
Enc
oura
ge F
eder
al a
nd N
GO
con
serv
atio
n la
nds
man
ager
s to
dev
elop
pol
icie
s fo
r m
inim
izin
g im
pact
s fro
m fa
cilit
y an
d pr
ogra
m
oper
atio
ns to
key
hab
itats
and
SG
CN
.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-86
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
6.3.
Hab
itat-i
ndep
ende
nt C
onse
rvat
ion
Issu
es a
nd A
ctio
ns fo
r SG
CN
So
me
issu
es c
ause
dire
ct m
orta
lity
or d
istu
rban
ce o
f wild
life
inde
pend
ently
of h
abita
t, su
ch a
s mig
rato
ry b
irds t
hat m
ay b
e im
pact
edan
ywhe
re a
long
thei
r mig
ratio
n ro
ute.
The
se is
sues
and
thei
r cor
resp
ondi
ng a
ctio
ns a
re d
escr
ibed
bel
ow.
6.3.
1.R
esid
entia
l and
Com
mer
cial
Dev
elop
men
t Pra
ctic
es
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al D
evel
opm
ent P
ract
ices
Sp
ecie
s/Sp
ecie
s G
roup
Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
sphi
nx m
oths
Out
door
Lig
htin
g
Wor
k w
ith e
lect
ric u
tiliti
es to
dev
elop
edu
catio
n an
d ou
treac
h fo
r hom
eow
ners
, bus
ines
s ow
ners
and
mun
icip
aliti
es to
pr
omot
e re
duce
d us
e of
out
door
ligh
ting
durin
g ne
stin
g, p
eak
mig
ratio
n an
d ot
her c
ritic
al ti
mes
.
wat
erbi
rds
Wor
k w
ith e
lect
ric u
tiliti
es a
nd b
uild
ing
code
and
pub
lic s
afet
y of
ficia
ls to
dev
elop
des
ign
stan
dard
s fo
r out
door
ligh
ting
that
m
inim
ize
stra
y lig
ht.
song
bird
s B
uild
ings
Wor
k w
ith e
lect
ric u
tiliti
es a
nd b
uild
ing
code
offi
cial
s to
de
velo
p ed
ucat
ion
and
outre
ach
for b
uild
ing
owne
rs a
nd
man
ager
s to
min
imiz
e th
e im
pact
s of
bui
ldin
g lig
hts
on
SG
CN
, mod
eled
afte
r the
“Lig
hts
Out
,” FL
AP
, WIN
GS
or
“Pro
ject
Saf
e Fl
ight
” pro
gram
s.
Wor
k w
ith a
rchi
tect
s, b
uild
ing
owne
rs a
nd m
anag
ers,
and
bu
ildin
g co
de o
ffici
als
to d
evel
op d
esig
n st
anda
rds
to
min
imiz
e th
e im
pact
s of
win
dow
gla
ss o
n S
GC
N, u
tiliz
ing
the
reso
urce
s of
the
Bui
ldin
g an
d B
irds
Foru
m a
nd o
ther
s.
6.3.
2.Tr
ansp
orta
tion
and
Util
ity O
pera
tions
and
Mai
nten
ance
Tr
ansp
orta
tion
and
Util
ity O
pera
tions
and
Mai
nten
ance
Sp
ecie
s/Sp
ecie
s G
roup
Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
amby
stom
id s
alam
ande
rs
Veh
icle
s
Wor
k w
ith th
e D
elaw
are
Dep
artm
ent o
f Tra
nspo
rtatio
n to
id
entif
y ke
y ha
bita
ts, a
nd g
ate
non-
esse
ntia
l roa
ds, c
lose
ro
ads
tem
pora
rily,
redu
ce s
peed
lim
its, a
nd a
dd c
autio
nary
si
gnag
e to
min
imiz
e im
pact
s to
SG
CN
dur
ing
bree
ding
,
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
87
terra
pin
and
turtl
es
mig
ratio
n an
d ot
her c
ritic
al ti
mes
. W
ork
with
the
Del
awar
e D
epar
tmen
t of T
rans
porta
tion
to
deve
lop
stan
dard
s fo
r dire
ctio
nal f
enci
ng a
nd u
nder
pass
es
for n
ew o
r exi
stin
g ro
ads
to p
rote
ct S
GC
N.
rapt
ors
Com
mun
icat
ions
Tow
ers
and
Hig
h-Te
nsio
n E
lect
ric L
ines
Wor
k w
ith u
tiliti
es to
dev
elop
sta
ndar
ds fo
r the
pla
cem
ent o
f to
wer
s an
d lin
es to
min
imiz
e im
pact
s to
SG
CN
nes
ting
colo
nies
, roo
sts,
mig
ratio
n ro
utes
, mov
emen
t cor
ridor
s, a
nd
othe
r crit
ical
are
as.
song
bird
s
bats
Sup
port
rese
arch
on
impr
ovin
g th
e de
sign
of t
ower
s an
d lin
es
to m
inim
ize
impa
cts
to S
GC
N.
6.3.
3.In
vasi
ve S
peci
es, N
uisa
nce
Ani
mal
s an
d W
ildlif
e D
isea
ses
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
, Nui
sanc
e A
nim
als
and
Wild
life
Dis
ease
s Sp
ecie
s/Sp
ecie
s G
roup
Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
turtl
es
Pet
s an
d S
ubsi
dize
d P
reda
tors
Wor
k w
ith re
taile
rs a
nd N
GO
s to
dev
elop
edu
catio
n an
d ou
treac
h fo
r pet
ow
ners
to m
inim
ize
the
impa
cts
of p
ets
on
SG
CN
, suc
h as
“Cat
s In
door
s.”
shor
ebird
s S
treng
then
enf
orce
men
t of l
eash
law
s fo
r dog
s to
pro
tect
S
GC
N.
wat
erbi
rds
Dev
elop
edu
catio
n an
d ou
treac
h fo
r the
gen
eral
pub
lic a
bout
th
e im
pact
s of
sub
sidi
zed
pred
ator
s on
SG
CN
.
grou
nd-n
estin
g bi
rds
Wor
k w
ith c
onse
rvat
ion
partn
ers
to c
ontro
l sub
sidi
zed
pred
ator
s on
pub
lic a
nd N
GO
con
serv
atio
n la
nds
by re
duci
ng
subs
idie
s (re
fuge
s, fo
od s
ourc
es),
erec
ting
excl
osur
es, o
r by
rem
oval
of i
ndiv
idua
ls.
bats
Pro
vide
ince
ntiv
es fo
r lan
dow
ners
to c
ontro
l sub
sidi
zed
pred
ator
s on
priv
ate
prop
erty
by
redu
cing
sub
sidi
es (r
efug
es,
food
sou
rces
), er
ectin
g ex
clos
ures
, or b
y re
mov
al o
f in
divi
dual
s.
Eas
tern
oys
ter
Infe
ctio
us D
isea
ses
Est
ablis
h an
ear
ly d
etec
tion
and
rapi
d re
spon
se s
yste
m to
re
act t
o ne
w in
vasi
ons.
w
ater
fow
l ra
ptor
s P
rovi
de tr
aini
ng fo
r DFW
sta
ff in
pro
cedu
res
for r
espo
ndin
g
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-88
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
shor
ebird
s to
dis
ease
out
brea
ks.
6.3.
4.En
ergy
Pro
duct
ion
Ener
gy P
rodu
ctio
n Sp
ecie
s/Sp
ecie
s G
roup
Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
wat
erfo
wl
Win
d Fa
rm T
ower
s
Wor
k w
ith e
nerg
y co
mpa
nies
to d
evel
op s
tand
ards
for t
he
plac
emen
t of w
ind
ener
gy to
wer
s to
avo
id S
GC
N n
estin
g co
loni
es, r
oost
s, m
igra
tion
rout
es, m
ovem
ent c
orrid
ors,
and
ot
her c
ritic
al a
reas
.
rapt
ors
wat
erbi
rds
shor
ebird
s so
ngbi
rds
bats
Sup
port
rese
arch
for i
mpr
ovin
g th
e de
sign
of w
ind
ener
gy
tow
ers
to m
inim
ize
impa
cts
to S
GC
N.
6.3.
5.W
ildlif
e H
arve
stin
g W
ildlif
e H
arve
stin
g Sp
ecie
s/Sp
ecie
s G
roup
Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
amby
stom
id s
alam
ande
rs
Inap
prop
riate
Col
lect
ion
for t
he P
et T
rade
or
for B
ait
Stre
ngth
en e
nfor
cem
ent o
f exi
stin
g re
gula
tions
on
colle
ctin
g.
terra
pin
and
turtl
es
Eva
luat
e th
e ne
ed fo
r add
ition
al m
eans
of p
rote
ctin
g S
GC
N
from
col
lect
ing,
incl
udin
g vo
lunt
ary
guid
elin
es a
nd
regu
latio
ns, a
s ne
cess
ary.
snak
es
Dev
elop
edu
catio
n an
d ou
treac
h fo
r the
pub
lic a
nd th
e pe
t tra
de a
bout
impa
cts
on S
GC
N.
early
suc
cess
iona
l hab
itat
bird
s Le
ad S
hot I
nges
tion
Ass
ess
impa
cts
to S
GC
N a
nd u
se th
is a
sses
smen
t and
long
-te
rm m
onito
ring
to g
uide
ada
ptiv
e m
anag
emen
t, ed
ucat
ion,
ou
treac
h an
d en
forc
emen
t effo
rts, a
s ne
cess
ary.
snak
es
Nui
sanc
e W
ildlif
e M
anag
emen
t
Dev
elop
edu
catio
n an
d ou
treac
h fo
r the
pub
lic a
bout
impa
cts
on S
GC
N.
bats
Dev
elop
trai
ning
for p
est c
ontro
l com
pani
es to
min
imiz
e im
pact
s on
SG
CN
.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
89
6.4.
Inst
itutio
nal C
apac
ity Is
sues
and
Act
ions
In
stitu
tiona
l Cap
acity
Issu
es a
nd A
ctio
ns
Issu
e Ty
pe
Spec
ific
Issu
e Sp
ecifi
c A
ctio
n
Div
isio
n O
pera
tions
D
FW fu
ndin
g, s
taffi
ng, a
dmin
istra
tive
stru
ctur
e an
d/or
pro
cedu
res
for D
EW
AP
impl
emen
tatio
n
Inte
grat
e S
GC
N a
nd K
ey W
ildlif
e H
abita
t co
nser
vatio
n in
to D
FW re
spon
sibi
litie
s so
as
to m
erge
gam
e, s
portf
ish,
non
-gam
e an
d en
dang
ered
spe
cies
man
agem
ent.
Ful
ly
fund
and
sta
ff re
spon
sibi
litie
s fo
r dat
a co
llect
ion
and
info
rmat
ion
man
agem
ent;
natu
ral r
esou
rce
man
agem
ent p
lann
ing;
m
onito
ring
and
adap
tive
man
agem
ent;
rese
arch
; coo
rdin
atio
n of
par
tner
ship
s; a
nd
educ
atio
n, o
utre
ach
and
enfo
rcem
ent.
Ens
ure
bala
nced
repr
esen
tatio
n fo
r all
divi
sion
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
on th
e Fi
sh a
nd
Wild
life
Adv
isor
y C
ounc
il.
Tran
sfer
non
-wild
life
rela
ted
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
out o
f DFW
in o
rder
to b
ette
r foc
us s
taff
and
fisca
l res
ourc
es o
n w
ildlif
e di
vers
ity
cons
erva
tion.
P
rovi
de s
uffic
ient
DFW
“mat
ch” t
o re
ceiv
e th
e fu
ll al
loca
tion
of a
vaila
ble
Fede
ral f
undi
ng
from
pro
gram
s su
ch a
s S
tate
Wild
life
Gra
nts,
P
ittm
an-R
ober
tson
, Din
gell-
John
son,
etc
. S
ecur
e ad
ditio
nal s
tate
fund
ing
for D
FW b
y es
tabl
ishi
ng a
uni
vers
al fi
shin
g lic
ense
, in
crea
sing
the
cost
of a
hun
ting
licen
se,
esta
blis
hing
a “c
onse
rvat
ion
stam
p” fo
r ac
cess
to w
ildlif
e ar
eas,
mor
e ag
gres
sive
ly
adve
rtisi
ng th
e ta
x ch
ecko
ff, a
nd/o
r oth
er
mea
ns.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-90
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Inst
itutio
nal C
apac
ity Is
sues
and
Act
ions
Is
sue
Type
Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t Pla
nnin
g
Bas
elin
e in
form
atio
n
Est
ablis
h N
atur
al H
erita
ge ra
nks
for a
ll S
GC
N
and
key
habi
tats
not
cur
rent
ly tr
acke
d by
the
Nat
ural
Her
itage
pro
gram
, and
use
the
resu
lts to
upd
ate
SG
CN
and
key
hab
itat l
ists
as
nec
essa
ry.
Dev
elop
pro
toco
ls fo
r tim
ely
revi
ew a
nd re
visi
on o
f all
Nat
ural
Her
itage
ra
nks
to m
aint
ain
curr
ency
of S
GC
N a
nd k
ey
habi
tat l
ists
. C
ondu
ct s
urve
ys to
mor
e fu
lly d
ocum
ent t
he
curre
nt d
istri
butio
n an
d st
atus
of S
GC
N,
espe
cial
ly in
Key
Wild
life
Hab
itats
.
Con
duct
sur
veys
to m
ore
fully
doc
umen
t the
cu
rrent
dis
tribu
tion
and
cond
ition
of k
ey
habi
tats
.
Con
duct
rese
arch
to b
ette
r cha
ract
eriz
e th
e bi
olog
y of
SG
CN
and
the
ecol
ogy
of k
ey
habi
tats
as
nece
ssar
y to
sup
port
adap
tive
man
agem
ent.
Con
serv
atio
n pl
anni
ng p
roce
ss
Dev
elop
sta
ndar
dize
d cl
assi
ficat
ions
sys
tem
s (s
peci
es, h
abita
ts, i
ssue
s, a
ctio
ns) a
nd d
ata
form
ats,
or a
t lea
st c
ompa
tible
sys
tem
s an
d fo
rmat
s, th
at w
ill fa
cilit
ate
coop
erat
ive
plan
ning
am
ong
DFW
and
con
serv
atio
n pa
rtner
s.
Ref
ine
the
DE
WA
P w
ildlif
e ha
bita
t map
s to
be
tter i
nfor
m re
sour
ce m
anag
emen
t pla
nnin
g,
and
deve
lop
a pr
otoc
ol fo
r per
iodi
c up
date
s.
This
sho
uld
incl
ude
inco
rpor
atin
g ne
w
info
rmat
ion
such
as
the
rece
ntly
com
plet
ed
Gap
Ana
lysi
s P
roje
ct m
appi
ng, a
nd u
pdat
ing
exis
ting
reso
urce
map
s su
ch a
s w
etla
nds,
fo
rest
s an
d la
nd u
se/la
nd c
over
.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
91
Inst
itutio
nal C
apac
ity Is
sues
and
Act
ions
Is
sue
Type
Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Dev
elop
qua
ntita
tive
or s
emi-q
uant
itativ
e ris
k as
sess
men
t pro
toco
ls fo
r all
“dire
ct th
reat
” co
nser
vatio
n is
sues
whe
re th
ey d
o no
t al
read
y ex
ist,
and
utiliz
e ris
k as
sess
men
t re
sults
to p
riorit
ize
cons
erva
tion
issu
es.
Con
duct
rese
arch
on
the
exte
nt a
nd s
ever
ity
of im
pact
s fro
m “d
irect
thre
at” c
onse
rvat
ion
issu
es to
key
hab
itats
and
SG
CN
as
need
ed
to s
uppo
rt ad
aptiv
e m
anag
emen
t. D
evel
op a
stra
tegi
c pl
anni
ng p
roce
ss to
“ste
p do
wn”
DEW
AP in
to p
riorit
ized
man
agem
ent
pres
crip
tions
for S
GC
N, k
ey h
abita
ts, a
nd
reso
lutio
n of
“dire
ct th
reat
” con
serv
atio
n is
sues
on
publ
ic a
nd p
rivat
e la
nds.
Inc
lude
al
l rel
evan
t con
serv
atio
n ac
tions
from
exi
stin
g na
tiona
l, re
gion
al, s
tate
and
site
pla
ns.
Inco
rpor
ate
info
rmat
ion
and
actio
ns fr
om
thes
e pr
escr
iptio
ns in
to re
sour
ce
man
agem
ent p
lans
as
appr
opria
te.
Mon
itorin
g an
d A
dapt
ive
Man
agem
ent
Mon
itorin
g of
SG
CN
, key
hab
itats
, im
pact
s fro
m c
onse
rvat
ion
issu
es a
nd o
utco
mes
of
cons
erva
tion
actio
ns
Mon
itor S
GC
N a
nd k
ey h
abita
ts to
det
erm
ine
trend
s in
the
dist
ribut
ion
and
stat
us o
f SG
CN
an
d th
e di
strib
utio
n an
d co
nditi
on o
f key
ha
bita
ts.
Mon
itor a
bate
men
t of i
mpa
cts
to S
GC
N a
nd
key
habi
tats
from
“dire
ct th
reat
” con
serv
atio
n is
sues
.M
onito
r out
com
es o
f con
serv
atio
n ac
tions
for
SG
CN
and
key
hab
itats
. D
evel
op s
tand
ardi
zed
mon
itorin
g pr
otoc
ols
that
inco
rpor
ate
exis
ting
stat
e, re
gion
al a
nd
natio
nal m
onito
ring
sche
mes
whe
re th
ey
exis
t, an
d in
clud
e th
ese
prot
ocol
s in
all
cons
erva
tion
prog
ram
s an
d pr
ojec
ts.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-92
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Inst
itutio
nal C
apac
ity Is
sues
and
Act
ions
Is
sue
Type
Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Qua
ntita
tive
mea
sure
s of
suc
cess
for
asse
ssin
g D
EWA
P im
plem
enta
tion
Dev
elop
a q
uant
itativ
e or
sem
i-qua
ntita
tive
scor
ing
syst
em fo
r rep
rese
ntin
g ke
y ha
bita
t co
nditi
on.
Dev
elop
per
form
ance
indi
cato
rs th
at m
easu
re
the
succ
ess
of S
GC
N a
nd k
ey h
abita
t m
anag
emen
t by
mon
itorin
g tre
nds
in
dist
ribut
ion
and
stat
us o
f SG
CN
, and
di
strib
utio
n an
d co
nditi
on o
f key
hab
itats
. D
evel
op p
erfo
rman
ce in
dica
tors
that
mea
sure
th
e su
cces
s of
con
serv
atio
n ac
tions
for
abat
emen
t of “
dire
ct th
reat
” con
serv
atio
n is
sues
by
mon
itorin
g ch
ange
s in
the
exte
nt
and
seve
rity
of im
pact
s fro
m th
ese
issu
es.
Dev
elop
per
form
ance
indi
cato
rs th
at m
easu
re
the
succ
ess
of c
onse
rvat
ion
actio
ns th
at
reso
lve
“indi
rect
thre
at” c
onse
rvat
ion
issu
es
by m
onito
ring
appr
opria
te m
etric
s.
Com
bine
per
form
ance
indi
cato
rs in
to a
n an
nual
“sco
reca
rd” o
f DEW
AP
im
plem
enta
tion.
Pro
vide
this
sco
reca
rd to
co
nser
vatio
n pa
rtner
s, s
take
hold
ers,
ele
cted
of
ficia
ls, m
edia
and
the
gene
ral p
ublic
in
orde
r to
enha
nce
acco
unta
bilit
y.
Ada
ptiv
e m
anag
emen
t fra
mew
ork
for
mod
ifyin
g co
nser
vatio
n ac
tions
Cre
ate
an a
dapt
ive
man
agem
ent f
ram
ewor
k th
at u
tiliz
es m
onito
ring
to a
dapt
pla
nnin
g an
d im
plem
enta
tion
of c
onse
rvat
ion
actio
ns to
ac
coun
t for
uns
atis
fact
ory
resu
lts, c
hang
ing
cond
ition
s an
d ne
w in
form
atio
n.
Info
rmat
ion
Man
agem
ent
Info
rmat
ion
man
agem
ent f
or S
GC
N, k
ey
habi
tat,
cons
erva
tion
issu
e an
d co
nser
vatio
n ac
tion
data
to s
uppo
rt ad
aptiv
e m
anag
emen
t
Cre
ate,
impl
emen
t and
/or u
pdat
e sp
atia
l co
mpu
ter a
pplic
atio
ns fo
r dat
a m
anag
emen
t an
d de
cisi
on s
uppo
rt –
e.g.
Bio
tics,
Vis
ta,
Del
awar
e In
vasi
ve S
peci
es T
rack
ing
Sys
tem
–
thro
ugho
ut D
FW a
nd o
ther
ag
enci
es/o
rgan
izat
ions
as
appr
opria
te.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
93
Inst
itutio
nal C
apac
ity Is
sues
and
Act
ions
Is
sue
Type
Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Dev
elop
sta
te p
olic
ies
to re
quire
the
inte
grat
ion
of S
GC
N a
nd k
ey h
abita
t dat
a in
to
all S
tate
age
ncie
s’ d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing,
incl
udin
g lo
ng-ra
nge
plan
ning
, dev
elop
men
t of
acqu
isiti
on s
trate
gies
, tar
getin
g of
cos
t-sha
re
and
ince
ntiv
e pr
ogra
ms,
and
mak
ing
adap
tive
man
agem
ent d
ecis
ions
on
stat
e-ow
ned
land
. D
evel
op in
cent
ives
for n
on-s
tate
age
ncie
s,
orga
niza
tions
, and
indi
vidu
als
to u
tiliz
e S
GC
N
and
key
habi
tat i
nfor
mat
ion
in th
eir
oper
atio
ns. M
arke
t the
ben
efits
of u
sing
this
in
form
atio
n su
ch a
s sa
ving
tim
e or
fund
s, o
r m
inim
izin
g th
e po
tent
ial f
or le
gal c
onfli
ct.
Pro
vide
thes
e en
titie
s w
ith g
reat
er a
cces
s to
S
GC
N a
nd k
ey h
abita
t inf
orm
atio
n.
Res
ourc
e Pr
otec
tion
Fund
ing
for o
pen
spac
e ac
quis
ition
to p
rote
ct
SG
CN
and
key
hab
itats
Pro
vide
suf
ficie
nt fu
ndin
g fo
r the
Ope
n S
pace
P
rogr
am to
mee
t lan
d ac
quis
ition
obj
ectiv
es
desi
gnat
ed in
the
Gre
en In
frast
ruct
ure
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
es F
ocus
Are
a.
Enf
orce
men
t cap
acity
Pro
vide
trai
ning
on
exis
ting
and
futu
re la
ws
and
regu
latio
ns fo
r pro
tect
ion
of S
GC
N a
nd
key
habi
tats
, and
add
ition
al s
taff
reso
urce
s,
as n
eede
d, to
han
dle
enfo
rcem
ent o
f tho
se
regu
latio
ns.
Nui
sanc
e W
ildlif
e M
anag
emen
t D
edic
ated
resp
onse
sta
ff P
rovi
de a
dditi
onal
sta
ff re
sour
ces
to re
spon
d to
nui
sanc
e w
ildlif
e co
mpl
aint
s.
Priv
ate
Land
s C
onse
rvat
ion
Ince
ntiv
es fo
r lan
dow
ners
Dev
elop
ince
ntiv
es fo
r mai
ntai
ning
exi
stin
g ke
y ha
bita
ts o
r SG
CN
on
priv
ate
land
s (a
s op
pose
d to
cur
rent
ince
ntiv
es fo
r res
torin
g ke
y ha
bita
ts o
r SG
CN
).
Dev
elop
add
ition
al in
cent
ives
for l
ando
wne
rs
in th
e G
reen
Infra
stru
ctur
e N
atur
al R
esou
rces
Fo
cus
Are
a.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-94
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Inst
itutio
nal C
apac
ity Is
sues
and
Act
ions
Is
sue
Type
Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Dev
elop
add
ition
al in
cent
ives
for e
xcep
tiona
l m
anag
emen
t of k
ey h
abita
ts o
r SG
CN
(s
imila
r to
the
Con
serv
atio
n S
ecur
ity
Pro
gram
). S
uppo
rt cr
eatio
n of
fede
ral a
nd s
tate
inco
me
tax
exem
ptio
ns fo
r con
serv
atio
n in
cent
ive
paym
ents
. D
evel
op m
ore
turn
key
serv
ices
for
impl
emen
ting
and
man
agin
g ha
bita
t pro
ject
s,
incl
udin
g pr
ovid
ing
equi
pmen
t and
sta
ff or
co
ntra
ctua
l ser
vice
s.
Coo
rdin
atio
n am
ong
priv
ate
land
s co
nser
vatio
n pr
ogra
ms
Enc
oura
ge a
ll pr
ivat
e la
nds
cons
erva
tion
prov
ider
s to
coo
rdin
ate
with
DFW
to e
nsur
e pr
otec
tion
of k
ey h
abita
ts a
nd S
GC
N.
Enc
oura
ge a
ll pr
ivat
e la
nds
cons
erva
tion
prov
ider
s to
targ
et e
duca
tion
and
outre
ach
to
land
owne
rs in
or a
djac
ent t
o co
re re
serv
es
and
conn
ectin
g co
rrid
ors.
Edu
catio
n an
d O
utre
ach
Trai
ning
, edu
catio
n an
d ou
treac
h pr
ogra
ms
on
key
habi
tat e
colo
gy, S
GC
N b
iolo
gy, a
nd
cons
erva
tion
issu
es a
nd a
ctio
ns
Pro
vide
trai
ning
for s
tate
sta
ff on
key
hab
itat
ecol
ogy,
SG
CN
bio
logy
, and
con
serv
atio
n is
sues
and
act
ions
. D
evel
op e
duca
tion
and
outre
ach
for t
he
gene
ral p
ublic
, suc
h as
“pro
file
broc
hure
s” fo
r ke
y ha
bita
ts a
nd S
GC
N, a
nd “c
itize
n’s
guid
es” f
or is
sues
and
act
ions
. D
evel
op w
ildlif
e vi
ewin
g gu
ides
for s
elec
ted
spec
ies
and/
or s
ites
and
prom
ote
resp
onsi
ble
ecot
ouris
m.
Exp
and
DFW
’s A
dopt
-a-W
etla
nd p
rogr
am
and
the
Del
awar
e N
atur
e S
ocie
ty’s
“Bac
kyar
d W
ildlif
e H
abita
t” pr
ogra
m to
pro
mot
e gr
eate
r ci
tizen
invo
lvem
ent i
n ha
bita
t enh
ance
men
t an
d st
ewar
dshi
p.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 6-
95
Inst
itutio
nal C
apac
ity Is
sues
and
Act
ions
Is
sue
Type
Sp
ecifi
c Is
sue
Spec
ific
Act
ion
Impl
emen
t "Le
ave
No
Trac
e" p
rogr
ams
such
as
"The
Fro
ntco
untry
Pro
gram
" and
"PE
AK
," to
pro
mot
e gr
eate
r res
pons
ibilit
y fo
r per
sona
l ch
oice
s.
Impl
emen
t the
Cer
tifie
d C
itize
n N
atur
alis
t pr
ogra
m to
pro
vide
for v
olun
teer
mon
itorin
g,
war
deni
ng a
nd s
tew
ards
hip
of k
ey h
abita
ts
and
SG
CN
. R
ecru
it an
d tra
in p
eopl
e to
co
nduc
t sur
veys
, pro
tect
reso
urce
s, a
nd
man
age
habi
tats
and
spe
cies
. Im
plem
ent
syst
ems
for v
olun
teer
repo
rting
of r
esul
ts.
Exp
and
use
of E
co-E
xplo
rers
, WAD
E
(Wet
land
Act
iviti
es fo
r Del
awar
e E
duca
tors
), P
roje
ct W
ILD
, Pro
ject
WET
and
oth
er e
xist
ing
scho
ol p
rogr
ams,
and
dev
elop
opp
ortu
nitie
s to
inte
grat
e ke
y ha
bita
t and
SG
CN
co
nser
vatio
n co
nten
t int
o th
e ab
ove
and
othe
r exi
stin
g pr
ogra
ms/
curr
icul
a.
Sup
port
effo
rts to
dev
elop
sch
ooly
ard
habi
tats
and
trai
ning
for t
each
ers
on
inte
grat
ing
habi
tat e
nhan
cem
ent/c
onse
rvat
ion
activ
ities
and
pro
ject
s in
to th
e cl
assr
oom
cu
rric
ulum
. P
artn
er w
ith th
e st
ate
Dep
artm
ent o
f E
duca
tion
to d
evel
op a
Del
awar
e-sp
ecifi
c bi
odiv
ersi
ty u
nit f
or th
e hi
gh s
choo
l lev
el th
at
emph
asiz
es k
ey h
abita
t eco
logy
and
SG
CN
bi
olog
y.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
6-96
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
SECTION 7
Priority ConservationIssues and Actions
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
9/27/2006 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife 7-1
7. Priority Conservation Issues and Actions The Conservation Issues and Actions in Section 6 have not been subjected to formal strategic planning to determine their priority; the need for such a process is in fact one of the proposed actions. However, much has been written over the years about the many issues that impact Delaware’s natural resources. A careful reading of these reports and plans – Whole Basin Management reports, The Nature Conservancy’s ecoregional plans, Natural Heritage Program documents, the Environmental Law Institute’s reports, Delaware Invasive Species Management Plan, and others – coupled with the analysis contained in this Plan, provides a picture of the most important Conservation Issues and Actions, listed below.
Issue Type: Division Operations Specific Issue: DFW funding, staffing, administrative structure and/or procedures for DEWAP implementation
Action: Integrate SGCN and Key Wildlife Habitat conservation into DFW responsibilities so as to merge game, sportfish, non-game and endangered species management. Fully fund and staff responsibilities for data collection and information management; natural resource management planning; monitoring and adaptive management; research; coordination of partnerships; and education, outreach and enforcement.
Issue Type: Natural Resource Management Planning Specific Issue: Conservation planning process
Action: Develop a strategic planning process to “step down” DEWAP into prioritized management prescriptions for SGCN, key habitats, and resolution of “direct threat” conservation issues on public and private lands. Include all relevant conservation actions from existing national, regional, state and site plans. Incorporate information and actions from these prescriptions into resource management plans as appropriate.
Specific Issue: Baseline Information Action: Conduct surveys to more fully document the current distribution and status of SGCN, especially in Key Wildlife Habitats, and the current distribution and condition of key habitats (this is a combination of two separate actions in Section 6.4).
Issue Type: Monitoring and Adaptive ManagementSpecific Issue: Monitoring of SGCN, key habitats, impacts from conservation issues and outcomes of conservation actions
Action: Develop standardized monitoring protocols that incorporate existing state, regional and national monitoring schemes where they exist, and include these protocols in all conservation programs and projects.
Specific Issue: Quantitative measures of success for assessing DEWAP implementation Action: Develop performance indicators that measure the success of conservation actions for SGCN, key habitats, abatement of “direct threat” conservation issues and resolution of “indirect threat” conservation issue. (this is a combination of three separate actions in Section 6.4).
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
7-2 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife 9/27/2006
Specific Issue: Adaptive management framework for modifying conservation actions Action: Create an adaptive management framework that utilizes monitoring to adapt planning and implementation of conservation actions to account for unsatisfactory results, changing conditions and new information.
Issue Type: Private Lands Conservation Specific Issue: Incentives for landowners
Action: Develop incentives for maintaining existing key habitats or SGCN on private lands (as opposed to current incentives for restoring key habitats or SGCN). Action: Develop additional incentives for exceptional management of key habitats or SGCN (similar to the Conservation Security Program).
Issue Type: Resource Management Specific Issue: Habitat/Wildlife Management
Action: Analyze species and habitat management on state conservation lands – Wildlife Areas, Parks, and Forests – and adapt management as necessary to increase key habitat patch size and reduce edge effects on SGCN.
Specific Issue: Facility and Program Operations Action: Review facility and program operations on state conservation lands – Wildlife Areas, Parks, and Forests – and develop state policies for minimizing impacts to key habitats and SGCN. Establish MOUs with DPR and the State Forest Service about consultation with DFW on issues impacting key habitats and SGCN in State Parks and State Forests.
Issue Type: Resource Protection Specific Issue: Funding for open space acquisition to protect SGCN and key habitats
Action: Provide sufficient funding for the Open Space Program to meet land acquisition objectives designated in the Green Infrastructure Natural Resources Focus Area.
Issue Type: Habitat Loss and Fragmentation Specific Issue: Residential and Commercial Structures
Action: Coordinate with partners to acquire title to, or easements on, sites that are critical to the conservation of key habitats and SGCN within the Green Infrastructure Natural Resources Focus Area, for management by public agencies or NGOs. Action: Improve federal/state/local coordination of environmental review to ensure that potential impacts to key habitats and SGCN are minimized for all major projects.
Specific Issue: Transportation Infrastructure Action: Work with the Delaware Department of Transportation to integrate key habitat and SGCN conservation into long-range transportation planning. Action: Work with the Delaware Department of Transportation to integrate key habitat and SGCN conservation into wetland and forest mitigation.
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
9/27/2006 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife 7-3
Issue Type: Agricultural and Forestry Operations Specific Issue: Clearcutting and Other Forestry Practices
Action: Coordinate with partners to acquire title to, or easements on, sites that are critical to the conservation of key habitats and SGCN within the Green Infrastructure Natural Resources Focus Area, for management by public agencies or NGOs. Action: Work with the Delaware Forest Service to integrate key habitat and SGCN conservation into forest management planning.
Issue Type: Invasive Species, Nuisance Animals and Wildlife DiseasesSpecific Issue: Invasive Plants
Action: Work with the Delaware Invasive Species Council and conservation land managers to assess and monitor impacts of invasive plants using the Delaware Alien Plant Invasiveness Risk Assessment protocol, and prioritize control efforts based on degree of risk. Action: Work with the Delaware Invasive Species Council and conservation land managers to develop and implement adaptive management plans for control of invasive species.
Issue Type: Recreational Activities Specific Issue: Recreational Use on Foot and with Boats, Personal Watercraft and Off-Road Vehicles
Action: Assess the impacts of ORVs on beach and dune, early successional and forested habitats, and use this assessment and long-term monitoring to adapt management as necessary. Action: Strengthen enforcement of regulations for off-road vehicles on public property to protect key habitats and SGCN. Action: Post and/or fence nesting sites, breeding concentrations or other critical areas on public property to protect SGCN, and enforce restrictions.
Issue Type: Education and Outreach Specific Issue: Training, education and outreach programs on key habitat ecology, SGCN biology, and conservation issues and actions
Action: Provide training for state staff on key habitat ecology, SGCN biology, and conservation issues and actions. Action: Develop education and outreach for the general public, such as “profile brochures” for key habitats and SGCN, and “citizen’s guides” for issues and actions.
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
7-4 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife 9/27/2006
SECTION 8
Measuring Success –Inventory, Monitoring, Research
and Adaptive Management
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
9/27/2006 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife 8-1
8. Measuring Success – Inventory, Monitoring, Research and AdaptiveManagement
The ultimate measure of success for the Plan is the maintenance or restoration of viable populations of SGCN, whether through manipulation of the animals themselves, management of key habitats, reduction of impacts, or improvements to institutional capacity. Achieving stable numbers of these species will secure the overall health of the State’s wildlife. Nonetheless, it would be extremely difficult to measure Plan success by monitoring all – or even most – SGCN individually. Monitoring at the species level is typically time consuming and is complicated by seasonal constraints, cryptic habits and other factors. Also, the lag between the implementation of most conservation actions and the responses of species populations is sometimes years, often decades, and may occasionally even be centuries. Such extended delays would impair timely adaptive management.
Monitoring of some SGCN may be required by law or regulation (e.g. endangered species or harvested wildlife), while monitoring of certain indicator species may serve as a surrogate for direct monitoring of habitat condition. However, ultimately it is not necessary to monitor every single SGCN. Most of these species are closely tied to one or several Key Wildlife Habitats, so that habitat viability is usually associated with species viability. Habitat monitoring, characteristically accomplished by measuring community structure and function, is almost always less complex than monitoring large numbers of species belonging to multiple diverse taxa. Lag times between actions and responses at the habitat level are highly variable – ranging from immediate for land acquisition, to one or two years for control of some invasive plants, to decades or more for restoration of certain habitats – but are commonly shorter than those at the species level. These time frames allow for more expedient adaptive management.
Plan success can also be measured by monitoring the abatement of impacts from “direct threat” conservation issues, such as a decrease in the rate of forest habitat loss or a reduction in instances of disturbance of beach-nesting birds. This type of monitoring is usually simpler than biological monitoring, and often has the advantage of being an essentially instantaneous measure. However, it is frequently difficult to strongly correlate this with trends in species or habitat viability.
In addition, success can be measured in terms of actions taken to address impacts of “indirect threats” such as institutional capacity issues. Even though such actions may have significant, long lasting benefit, they are routinely very difficult to relate to changes in species populations or habitat conditions. These issues and actions are therefore most easily monitored with qualitative, as opposed to quantitative, criteria.
Finally, the most timely measures of success are those that directly monitor the rate of Plan implementation. The value of these measures lies not only in their immediacy but in their simplicity, which makes them readily accessible to decision-makers, the general public and other lay people who may not be interested in the intricacies of resource- or issue-based measures.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
8-2
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Ade
quat
ely
mea
surin
g su
cces
s req
uire
s a st
rate
gic
appr
oach
to in
vent
ory,
mon
itorin
g, re
sear
ch a
nd a
dapt
ive
man
agem
ent.
The
role
of
thes
e is
des
crib
ed in
the
sect
ions
that
follo
w, w
ith e
ach
one
intro
duce
d by
a su
mm
ary
char
t of r
elev
ant C
onse
rvat
ion
Issu
es a
ndA
ctio
ns fr
om S
ectio
n 6.
4.
8.1.
Inve
ntor
y
Def
initi
on
Inve
ntor
y is
the
item
izat
ion
of th
e ab
unda
nce
and
dist
ribut
ion
of sp
ecie
s or h
abita
ts.
For t
he p
urpo
ses o
f thi
s def
initi
on, i
nven
tory
is
cons
ider
ed sy
nony
mou
s with
“su
rvey
,” a
lthou
gh te
chni
cally
the
late
r is a
subs
et o
f the
form
er.
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
C
onse
rvat
ion
Issu
e C
onse
rvat
ion
Act
ion
Bas
elin
e in
form
atio
n
Est
ablis
h N
atur
al H
erita
ge ra
nks
for a
ll S
GC
N a
nd k
ey h
abita
ts n
ot c
urre
ntly
trac
ked
by th
e N
atur
al
Her
itage
pro
gram
, and
use
the
resu
lts to
upd
ate
SG
CN
and
key
hab
itat l
ists
as
nece
ssar
y. D
evel
op
prot
ocol
s fo
r tim
ely
revi
ew a
nd re
visi
on o
f all
Nat
ural
Her
itage
rank
s to
mai
ntai
n cu
rren
cy o
f SG
CN
an
d ke
y ha
bita
t lis
ts.
Con
duct
sur
veys
to m
ore
fully
doc
umen
t the
cur
rent
dis
tribu
tion
and
stat
us o
f SG
CN
, esp
ecia
lly in
K
ey W
ildlif
e H
abita
ts.
C
ondu
ct s
urve
ys to
mor
e fu
lly d
ocum
ent t
he c
urre
nt d
istri
butio
n an
d co
nditi
on o
f key
hab
itats
.
Stra
tegi
esTh
e se
lect
ion
of S
GC
N w
as b
ased
larg
ely
on d
ata
from
the
Del
awar
e N
atur
al H
erita
ge P
rogr
am, w
hich
use
s an
inte
rnat
iona
lly
acce
pted
met
hodo
logy
for d
eter
min
ing
the
cons
erva
tion
stat
us o
f ani
mal
s, pl
ants
and
nat
ural
com
mun
ities
. Th
e va
lue
of th
is
prot
ocol
is th
at it
allo
ws f
or c
ompa
rison
of s
tatu
s acr
oss a
ll ta
xa, w
hich
can
gre
atly
sim
plify
dec
isio
ns a
bout
con
serv
atio
n pr
iorit
ies.
How
ever
, som
e D
elaw
are
spec
ies a
re c
urre
ntly
not
trac
ked
by th
e N
atur
al H
erita
ge P
rogr
am.
All
non-
track
ed sp
ecie
ssh
ould
be
eval
uate
d an
d as
sign
ed a
con
serv
atio
n st
atus
rank
in o
rder
to p
rovi
de a
uni
form
bas
is fo
r det
erm
inin
g SG
CN
. A
lso,
the
ratio
nale
for a
ll sp
ecie
s ran
ks sh
ould
be
docu
men
ted
in th
e N
atur
al H
erita
ge d
atab
ase
to fa
cilit
ate
revi
ew a
nd re
visi
on.
Ther
e w
as in
suff
icie
nt in
form
atio
n in
the
Nat
ural
Her
itage
dat
abas
e ab
out n
atur
al c
omm
uniti
es, f
rom
whi
ch K
ey W
ildlif
e H
abita
tsw
ere
deve
lope
d, to
allo
w u
se o
f sta
tus r
anks
in e
valu
atin
g ha
bita
t con
ditio
n.N
atur
al c
omm
unity
info
rmat
ion
shou
ld b
e st
reng
then
ed to
allo
w it
s use
in ra
ting
the
cond
ition
s of k
ey h
abita
ts.
As w
ith sp
ecie
s, co
mm
uniti
es th
at d
o no
t hav
e st
atus
rank
ssh
ould
be
assi
gned
them
and
all
rank
ing
deci
sion
s sho
uld
be d
ocum
ente
d.
A st
anda
rd p
roto
col f
or re
view
and
revi
sion
of N
atur
al H
erita
ge ra
nks a
nd S
GC
N d
esig
natio
ns sh
ould
be
deve
lope
d. A
t a
min
imum
, com
preh
ensi
ve re
view
s sho
uld
be c
ondu
cted
eve
ry 1
0 ye
ars i
n ke
epin
g w
ith th
e tim
e fr
ame
of th
e Pl
an.
How
ever
,
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 8-
3
give
n th
e ra
pid
pace
of l
and
use
chan
ges i
n D
elaw
are,
mor
e fr
eque
nt re
view
s are
pro
babl
y w
arra
nted
, pos
sibl
y as
ofte
n as
eve
ry
othe
r yea
r for
the
mos
t sen
sitiv
e sp
ecie
s. C
onsi
dera
tion
shou
ld b
e gi
ven
to a
pro
toco
l tha
t cal
ls fo
r rev
isio
ns w
hene
ver n
ew
info
rmat
ion
beco
mes
ava
ilabl
e, a
s opp
osed
to o
pera
ting
on a
fixe
d sc
hedu
le.
Com
paris
on o
f “K
now
n SG
CN
Spe
cies
” w
ith “
Ass
ocia
ted
SGC
N S
peci
es”
from
the
Vita
l Sta
tistic
s tab
les i
n Se
ctio
n 6.
1 sh
ows
that
onl
y a
smal
l por
tion
of p
oten
tial S
GC
N h
ave
been
doc
umen
ted
for m
any
key
habi
tats
. Th
is m
ay in
dica
te th
e ne
ed to
co
ncen
trate
SG
CN
inve
ntor
ies i
n th
ose
key
habi
tats
. It
is e
spec
ially
impo
rtant
that
spec
ies-
habi
tat a
ssoc
iatio
ns b
e va
lidat
ed b
y ob
serv
atio
n si
nce
mos
t mon
itorin
g w
ill p
roba
bly
focu
s on
habi
tat c
ondi
tion
– as
opp
osed
to sp
ecie
s via
bilit
y –
for r
easo
ns o
f ef
ficie
ncy
and
effe
ctiv
enes
s (se
e Se
ctio
n 8.
2 fo
r fur
ther
dis
cuss
ion)
. So
me
key
habi
tats
wer
e m
appe
d pa
rtly
by u
se o
f sim
ple
mod
els b
ased
on
topo
grap
hy (A
ncie
nt S
and
Rid
ge F
ores
t), a
eria
l ph
otog
raph
inte
rpre
tatio
n (C
oast
al P
lain
Sea
sona
l Pon
d an
d Sp
artin
a H
igh
Salt
Mar
sh),
or sp
ecie
s-ha
bita
t ass
ocia
tions
(Ear
ly
Succ
essi
onal
Hab
itat).
Thi
s map
ping
nee
ds to
be
valid
ated
by
field
surv
eys.
8.2.
Mon
itorin
g
Def
initi
on
Mon
itorin
g is
the
repe
ated
mea
sure
men
t of a
con
serv
atio
n pa
ram
eter
– sp
ecie
s pop
ulat
ion,
hab
itat e
xten
t, di
scha
rge
rate
of a
pol
luta
nt,
num
ber o
f par
ticip
ants
in a
pro
gram
– u
sing
app
ropr
iate
, con
sist
ent m
etho
dolo
gy th
at is
ade
quat
e fo
r det
ectin
g si
gnifi
cant
cha
nge
over
us
eful
per
iods
of t
ime.
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
C
onse
rvat
ion
Issu
e C
onse
rvat
ion
Act
ion
Mon
itorin
g of
SG
CN
, key
hab
itats
, im
pact
s fro
m c
onse
rvat
ion
issu
es a
nd
outc
omes
of c
onse
rvat
ion
actio
ns
Mon
itor S
GC
N a
nd k
ey h
abita
ts to
det
erm
ine
trend
s in
the
dist
ribut
ion
and
stat
us o
f SG
CN
and
the
dist
ribut
ion
and
cond
ition
of k
ey h
abita
ts.
Mon
itor a
bate
men
t of i
mpa
cts
to b
oth
SGC
N a
nd k
ey h
abita
ts fr
om “d
irect
thre
at” c
onse
rvat
ion
issu
es.
Mon
itor o
utco
mes
of c
onse
rvat
ion
actio
ns fo
r SG
CN
and
key
hab
itats
. D
evel
op s
tand
ardi
zed
mon
itorin
g pr
otoc
ols
that
inco
rpor
ate
exis
ting
stat
e, re
gion
al a
nd n
atio
nal
mon
itorin
g sc
hem
es w
here
they
exi
st, a
nd in
clud
e th
ese
prot
ocol
s in
all
cons
erva
tion
prog
ram
s an
d pr
ojec
ts.
Stra
tegi
esB
iolo
gica
l mon
itorin
g fo
r DEW
AP
shou
ld fo
cus o
n th
e ex
tent
, dis
tribu
tion
and
cond
ition
of K
ey W
ildlif
e H
abita
ts –
as o
ppos
ed to
the
popu
latio
n an
d st
atus
of S
GC
N –
for r
easo
ns o
f eff
icie
ncy
and
effe
ctiv
enes
s. S
ince
key
hab
itats
wer
e de
sign
ated
bas
ed o
n kn
own
or e
xpec
ted
asso
ciat
ions
with
SG
CN
, the
maj
ority
of s
peci
es sh
ould
be
cove
red
by th
is a
ppro
ach.
Gen
eral
ly, i
ndiv
idua
l
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
8-4
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
SGC
N w
ill b
e m
onito
red
only
if re
quire
d by
regu
latio
n, o
r if t
he sp
ecie
s is e
spec
ially
rare
or s
ensi
tive
to d
istu
rban
ce, o
r if t
hesp
ecie
s fun
ctio
ns a
s an
indi
cato
r or k
eyst
one
for a
par
ticul
ar h
abita
t. M
onito
ring
shou
ld c
once
ntra
te o
n pe
rman
ently
pro
tect
ed p
ublic
and
priv
ate
cons
erva
tion
land
s (G
AP
Stew
ards
hip
Stat
us 2
or 3
).In
mos
t cas
es, t
hese
land
s for
m c
ore
area
s tha
t pre
sent
ly c
onta
in, o
r cou
ld b
e m
anag
ed fo
r, a
grea
t man
y SG
CN
and
key
hab
itats
.Th
e st
atus
of r
esou
rces
on
thes
e la
nds i
s the
refo
re c
ritic
al to
the
long
term
succ
ess o
f the
Pla
n. T
he sp
atia
l dis
tribu
tion
of m
any
exis
ting/
plan
ned
mon
itorin
g ef
forts
refle
cts s
peci
fic re
gula
tory
obj
ectiv
es o
r sta
tistic
al c
onsi
dera
tions
with
out r
egar
d fo
r lan
dm
anag
emen
t sta
tus.
Whe
neve
r pos
sibl
e, e
xist
ing/
plan
ned
effo
rts sh
ould
be
mod
ified
to fo
cus o
n co
nser
vatio
n la
nds,
and
new
m
onito
ring
shou
ld b
e di
rect
ed to
thes
e ar
eas a
s wel
l. Ex
istin
g/pl
anne
d m
onito
ring,
whe
ther
it is
don
e by
the
stat
e, k
ey c
onse
rvat
ion
partn
ers o
r oth
ers,
shou
ld b
e in
corp
orat
ed a
s muc
has
pos
sibl
e in
to m
easu
res o
f suc
cess
for D
EWA
P. A
ppen
dix
H li
sts m
any
of th
e m
onito
ring
activ
ities
pla
nned
or p
rese
ntly
un
derw
ay in
the
stat
e, g
ener
ally
thos
e th
at ta
rget
SG
CN
and
key
hab
itats
, or t
hose
that
mon
itor m
ultip
le sp
ecie
s, ha
bita
ts, i
ssue
san
d/or
loca
tions
. A
dditi
onal
mon
itorin
g oc
curs
on
man
y in
divi
dual
site
s, pa
rticu
larly
pub
lic a
nd p
rivat
e co
nser
vatio
n la
nds.
For
exam
ple,
The
Nat
ure
Con
serv
ancy
mon
itors
inva
sive
pla
nts o
n se
vera
l of i
ts p
rese
rves
. A
lso,
the
outc
omes
of s
peci
fic
cons
erva
tion
actio
ns a
re c
urre
ntly
bei
ng m
easu
red
for a
num
ber o
f pro
ject
s. A
lthou
gh n
ot li
sted
in A
ppen
dix
H fo
r rea
sons
of
brev
ity, t
hese
exi
stin
g si
te- a
nd a
ctio
n-sp
ecifi
c m
onito
ring
activ
ities
shou
ld a
lso
be in
corp
orat
ed in
to m
easu
rem
ents
of P
lan
succ
ess w
hen
appr
opria
te.
Som
e ex
istin
g/pl
anne
d m
onito
ring
is lo
cal i
n or
igin
(e.g
., co
ntam
inan
t sam
plin
g of
osp
rey
nest
lings
), so
me
is re
gion
al (e
.g.,
muc
hfis
h m
onito
ring
is d
irect
ed b
y in
ters
tate
man
agem
ent p
lans
), an
d so
me
is n
atio
nal (
e.g.
, For
est H
ealth
Mon
itorin
g).
Alth
ough
ce
rtain
loca
l mon
itorin
g ef
forts
, and
muc
h of
the
regi
onal
and
nat
iona
l mon
itorin
g, a
re n
ot d
esig
ned
spec
ifica
lly fo
r the
Pla
n’s
SGC
N, k
ey h
abita
ts o
r con
serv
atio
n is
sues
, the
y no
neth
eles
s may
col
lect
dat
a on
thes
e ite
ms o
r cou
ld b
e m
odifi
ed to
do
so.
Ther
e is
littl
e co
vera
ge o
f SG
CN
or k
ey u
plan
d ha
bita
ts in
exi
stin
g/pl
anne
d m
onito
ring
effo
rts, w
hich
are
bia
sed
tow
ards
har
vest
edsp
ecie
s and
aqu
atic
and
wet
land
hab
itats
. Ex
istin
g/pl
anne
d m
onito
ring
prog
ram
s sho
uld
be m
odifi
ed to
incr
ease
cov
erag
e of
un
der-
repr
esen
ted
reso
urce
s whe
re it
is p
ossi
ble
to d
o so
. W
hen
new
bio
logi
cal m
onito
ring
is n
eede
d, it
shou
ld u
tiliz
e st
anda
rd p
roto
cols
for s
peci
fic ta
xa a
nd h
abita
ts w
here
thos
e ex
ist,
and
follo
w a
ccep
ted
scie
ntifi
c m
etho
ds w
here
they
do
not.
Som
e la
rge-
scal
e co
nser
vatio
n pl
ans,
such
as t
he U
.S. S
hore
bird
C
onse
rvat
ion
Plan
, con
tain
gui
danc
e on
mon
itorin
g, a
nd th
ere
are
man
y pu
blis
hed
and
onlin
e re
sour
ces a
bout
pro
toco
ls a
nd
met
hods
. Pr
opos
ed m
onito
ring
prog
ram
s sho
uld
also
be
subj
ecte
d to
pee
r rev
iew
by
reco
gniz
ed e
xper
ts.
Stan
dard
izat
ion
of
prot
ocol
s allo
ws m
onito
ring
in D
elaw
are
to b
e ro
lled
up w
ith o
ther
stat
es fo
r use
in re
gion
al a
nd n
atio
nal c
onse
rvat
ion
initi
ativ
es,
such
as P
artn
ers i
n A
mph
ibia
n an
d R
eptil
e C
onse
rvat
ion,
the
Nor
th A
mer
ican
Bat
Con
serv
atio
n Pa
rtner
ship
Stra
tegi
c Pl
an a
nd th
e A
tlant
ic C
oast
Join
t Ven
ture
. B
iolo
gica
l mon
itorin
g sh
ould
be
impl
emen
ted
at th
e m
inim
um fr
eque
ncy
and
sam
ple
size
that
allo
ws d
etec
tion
of b
iolo
gica
lly o
r ec
olog
ical
ly si
gnifi
cant
cha
nge.
Sen
sitiv
e, in
dica
tor o
r key
ston
e sp
ecie
s may
cal
l for
mon
itorin
g ev
ery
few
yea
rs, o
r eve
n
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 8-
5
annu
ally
. M
any
habi
tats
, on
the
othe
r han
d, c
ould
be
mon
itore
d at
long
er in
terv
als,
alth
ough
not
exc
eedi
ng e
very
10
year
s in
keep
ing
with
the
timef
ram
e of
the
Plan
. B
iolo
gica
l mon
itorin
g sh
ould
be
coor
dina
ted
both
spat
ially
and
tem
pora
lly to
max
imiz
e ef
ficie
ncy.
Key
hab
itats
are
bes
t m
onito
red
by u
se o
f per
man
ent p
lots
in re
pres
enta
tive
loca
tions
. SG
CN
mon
itorin
g sh
ould
typi
cally
take
pla
ce a
t the
sam
e lo
catio
ns, a
lthou
gh th
is o
ften
may
be
impo
ssib
le fo
r aqu
atic
hab
itats
and
spec
ies.
In o
rder
to p
rovi
de c
over
age
of S
GC
N a
nd k
eyha
bita
ts st
atew
ide,
mon
itorin
g sh
ould
be
orga
nize
d by
wat
ersh
ed, s
uch
that
all
reso
urce
s are
che
cked
at l
east
onc
e ev
ery
10 y
ears
.Th
is w
ould
requ
ire th
at a
nyw
here
from
one
to se
vera
l adj
acen
t wat
ersh
eds b
e m
onito
red
each
yea
r, de
pend
ing
on th
e nu
mbe
r of
SGC
N a
nd k
ey h
abita
ts ta
rget
ed in
eac
h w
ater
shed
. In
add
ition
to m
onito
ring
spec
ies a
nd h
abita
ts, p
rogr
ams m
ust b
e de
velo
ped
to m
easu
re th
e su
cces
s of c
onse
rvat
ion
actio
ns th
at a
rede
sign
ed to
aba
te im
pact
s fro
m “
dire
ct th
reat
” co
nser
vatio
n is
sues
. Th
is m
onito
ring
shou
ld a
lso
seek
to su
bsta
ntia
te c
ause
-and
-ef
fect
rela
tions
hips
bet
wee
n co
nser
vatio
n is
sues
and
act
ions
whe
n th
ese
are
not k
now
n. S
ee S
ectio
n 8.
3 fo
r fur
ther
dis
cuss
ion
of
this
stra
tegy
.
8.3.
Res
earc
h
Def
initi
on
Res
earc
h is
the
inve
stig
atio
n of
cau
sal f
acto
rs th
at u
nder
lie th
e re
spon
ses o
f spe
cies
to th
eir e
nviro
nmen
ts a
nd th
e st
ruct
ure
and
func
tion
of n
atur
al sy
stem
s.
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
C
onse
rvat
ion
Issu
e C
onse
rvat
ion
Act
ion
Bas
elin
e in
form
atio
n C
ondu
ct re
sear
ch to
bet
ter c
hara
cter
ize
the
biol
ogy
of S
GC
N a
nd th
e ec
olog
y of
key
hab
itats
as
nece
ssar
y to
sup
port
adap
tive
man
agem
ent.
Con
serv
atio
n pl
anni
ng p
roce
ss
Con
duct
rese
arch
on
the
exte
nt a
nd s
ever
ity o
f im
pact
s fro
m “d
irect
thre
at” c
onse
rvat
ion
issu
es to
key
ha
bita
ts a
nd S
GC
N a
s ne
eded
to s
uppo
rt ad
aptiv
e m
anag
emen
t.
Stra
tegi
esIn
the
cont
ext o
f the
Pla
n, re
sear
ch sh
ould
alw
ays b
e de
sign
ed to
pro
vide
dire
ct a
nsw
ers t
o sp
ecifi
c m
anag
emen
t que
stio
ns, o
r at
leas
t pro
vide
the
basi
s for
mor
e in
form
ed m
anag
emen
t dec
isio
ns.
Res
earc
h on
the
biol
ogy
of S
GC
N a
nd th
e ec
olog
y of
key
ha
bita
ts sh
ould
be
dict
ated
by
the
resu
lts o
f mon
itorin
g th
e st
atus
and
tren
ds o
f tho
se re
sour
ces.
In m
any
case
s, ca
use-
and-
effe
ct re
latio
nshi
ps b
etw
een
cons
erva
tion
issu
es a
nd a
ctio
ns c
an b
e re
ason
ably
pre
sum
ed fr
om
circ
umst
antia
l evi
denc
e. H
owev
er, m
onito
ring
the
abat
emen
t of i
mpa
cts f
rom
“di
rect
thre
at”
cons
erva
tion
issu
es sh
ould
seek
to
subs
tant
iate
thes
e re
latio
nshi
ps w
hen
they
are
not
con
clus
ivel
y kn
own.
Typ
ical
ly th
is re
quire
s the
sam
plin
g of
bot
h ex
perim
enta
l
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
8-6
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
and
cont
rol a
reas
– o
r pre
- and
pos
t-tre
atm
ent s
ampl
ing
of a
sing
le a
rea
– in
ord
er to
isol
ate
a pa
rticu
lar c
onse
rvat
ion
actio
n as
the
sole
cau
se fo
r aba
tem
ent o
f a “
dire
ct th
reat
.”
8.4.
Ada
ptiv
e M
anag
emen
t
Def
initi
on
Ada
ptiv
e m
anag
emen
t is t
he c
yclic
al p
roce
ss o
f ado
ptin
g, m
odify
ing
or d
isca
rdin
g co
nser
vatio
n ac
tions
, bas
ed o
n th
e re
sults
of
mon
itorin
g an
d re
sear
ch, i
n or
der t
o m
ore
effe
ctiv
ely
and
effic
ient
ly a
chie
ve c
onse
rvat
ion
goal
s.
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sues
and
Act
ions
C
onse
rvat
ion
Issu
e C
onse
rvat
ion
Act
ion
Ada
ptiv
e m
anag
emen
t fra
mew
ork
for
mod
ifyin
g co
nser
vatio
n ac
tions
Cre
ate
an a
dapt
ive
man
agem
ent f
ram
ewor
k th
at u
tiliz
es m
onito
ring
resu
lts to
ada
pt p
lann
ing
and
impl
emen
tatio
n of
con
serv
atio
n ac
tions
to a
ccou
nt fo
r uns
atis
fact
ory
resu
lts, c
hang
ing
cond
ition
s an
d ne
w in
form
atio
n.
Con
serv
atio
n pl
anni
ng p
roce
ss
Dev
elop
sta
ndar
dize
d cl
assi
ficat
ions
sys
tem
s (s
peci
es, h
abita
ts, i
ssue
s, a
ctio
ns) a
nd d
ata
form
ats,
or
at le
ast c
ompa
tible
sys
tem
s an
d fo
rmat
s, th
at w
ill fa
cilit
ate
coop
erat
ive
plan
ning
am
ong
DFW
and
co
nser
vatio
n pa
rtner
s.
Ref
ine
the
DE
WA
P w
ildlif
e ha
bita
t map
s to
bet
ter i
nfor
m re
sour
ce m
anag
emen
t pla
nnin
g, a
nd d
evel
op
a pr
otoc
ol fo
r per
iodi
c up
date
s. T
his
shou
ld in
clud
e in
corp
orat
ing
new
info
rmat
ion
such
as
the
rece
ntly
com
plet
ed G
ap A
naly
sis
Pro
ject
map
ping
, and
upd
atin
g ex
istin
g re
sour
ce m
aps
such
as
wet
land
s, fo
rest
s an
d la
nd u
se/la
nd c
over
.
Dev
elop
qua
ntita
tive
or s
emi-q
uant
itativ
e ris
k as
sess
men
t pro
toco
ls fo
r all
“dire
ct th
reat
” con
serv
atio
n is
sues
whe
re th
ey d
o no
t alre
ady
exis
t, an
d ut
ilize
risk
ass
essm
ent r
esul
ts to
prio
ritiz
e co
nser
vatio
n is
sues
.
Dev
elop
a s
trate
gic
plan
ning
pro
cess
to “s
tep
dow
n” D
EW
AP
into
prio
ritiz
ed m
anag
emen
t pr
escr
iptio
ns fo
r SG
CN
, key
hab
itats
, and
reso
lutio
n of
“dire
ct th
reat
” con
serv
atio
n is
sues
on
publ
ic
and
priv
ate
land
s. I
nclu
de a
ll re
leva
nt c
onse
rvat
ion
actio
ns fr
om e
xist
ing
natio
nal,
regi
onal
, sta
te a
nd
site
pla
ns.
Inco
rpor
ate
info
rmat
ion
and
actio
ns fr
om th
ese
pres
crip
tions
into
reso
urce
man
agem
ent
plan
s as
app
ropr
iate
.
Info
rmat
ion
man
agem
ent f
or S
GC
N,
key
habi
tat,
cons
erva
tion
issu
e an
d co
nser
vatio
n ac
tion
data
to s
uppo
rt ad
aptiv
e m
anag
emen
t
Cre
ate,
impl
emen
t and
/or u
pdat
e sp
atia
l com
pute
r app
licat
ions
for d
ata
man
agem
ent a
nd d
ecis
ion
supp
ort –
e.g
. Bio
tics,
Vis
ta, D
elaw
are
Inva
sive
Spe
cies
Tra
ckin
g S
yste
m –
thro
ugho
ut D
FW a
nd
othe
r age
ncie
s/or
gani
zatio
ns a
s ap
prop
riate
.
Qua
ntita
tive
mea
sure
s of
suc
cess
for
Dev
elop
a q
uant
itativ
e or
sem
i-qua
ntita
tive
scor
ing
syst
em fo
r rep
rese
ntin
g ke
y ha
bita
t con
ditio
n.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 8-
7
Con
serv
atio
n Is
sue
Con
serv
atio
n A
ctio
n as
sess
ing
DEW
AP
impl
emen
tatio
n st
atus
and
effe
ctiv
enes
s D
evel
op p
erfo
rman
ce in
dica
tors
that
mea
sure
the
succ
ess
of S
GC
N a
nd k
ey h
abita
t man
agem
ent b
y m
onito
ring
trend
s in
dis
tribu
tion
and
stat
us o
f SG
CN
, and
dis
tribu
tion
and
cond
ition
of k
ey h
abita
ts.
Dev
elop
per
form
ance
indi
cato
rs th
at m
easu
re th
e su
cces
s of
con
serv
atio
n ac
tions
for a
bate
men
t of
“dire
ct th
reat
” con
serv
atio
n is
sues
by
mon
itorin
g ch
ange
s in
the
exte
nt a
nd s
ever
ity o
f im
pact
s fro
m
thes
e is
sues
. D
evel
op p
erfo
rman
ce in
dica
tors
that
mea
sure
the
succ
ess
of c
onse
rvat
ion
actio
ns th
at re
solv
e “in
dire
ct th
reat
” con
serv
atio
n is
sues
by
mon
itorin
g ap
prop
riate
met
rics.
D
evel
op p
erfo
rman
ce in
dica
tors
that
mea
sure
the
succ
ess
of D
EWA
P b
y m
onito
ring
the
rate
of
impl
emen
tatio
n of
con
serv
atio
n ac
tions
. C
ombi
ne p
erfo
rman
ce in
dica
tors
into
an
annu
al “s
core
card
” of D
EW
AP
impl
emen
tatio
n. P
rovi
de th
is
scor
ecar
d to
con
serv
atio
n pa
rtner
s, s
take
hold
ers,
ele
cted
offi
cial
s, m
edia
and
the
gene
ral p
ublic
in
orde
r to
enha
nce
acco
unta
bilit
y.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
8-8
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
Stra
tegi
esA
dapt
ive
man
agem
ent o
f SG
CN
, key
hab
itats
and
con
serv
atio
n is
sues
will
be
faci
litat
ed p
rimar
ily th
roug
h re
gula
r pro
gres
s re
view
s by
the
Stee
ring
Com
mitt
ee (s
ee S
ectio
n 10
for m
ore
info
rmat
ion)
. Th
is p
roce
ss c
an b
e vi
sual
ized
as f
ollo
ws:
The
Plan
itse
lf w
ill a
lso
be a
dapt
ed to
refle
ct c
hang
es in
SG
CN
, key
hab
itats
, con
serv
atio
n is
sues
and
con
serv
atio
n ac
tions
dur
ing
perio
dic
Plan
upd
ates
(see
Sec
tion
10 fo
r mor
e in
form
atio
n).
Det
erm
ine
spec
ific
man
agem
ent o
bjec
tives
for
SG
CN
, key
hab
itats
and
ab
atem
ent o
f im
pact
s fro
m
cons
erva
tion
issu
es
Impl
emen
t con
serv
atio
n ac
tions
Mon
itor S
GC
N, k
ey h
abita
ts
and
abat
emen
t of i
mpa
cts
from
con
serv
atio
n is
sues
Eva
luat
e pr
ogre
ss to
war
ds
man
agem
ent o
bjec
tives
(S
teer
ing
Com
mitt
ee)
Mod
ify c
onse
rvat
ion
actio
ns if
nec
essa
ry
Dev
elop
Pla
n, in
clud
ing
cons
erva
tion
actio
ns
Ada
ptiv
eM
anag
emen
tC
ycle
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
9/27
/200
6D
elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 8-
9
A k
ey p
art o
f ada
ptiv
e m
anag
emen
t is t
he d
eter
min
atio
n of
spec
ific
man
agem
ent o
bjec
tives
for S
GC
N, k
ey h
abita
ts a
nd a
bate
men
t of
thre
ats f
rom
con
serv
atio
n is
sues
. Th
ese
wou
ld ta
ke th
e fo
rm o
f pop
ulat
ion
leve
ls fo
r SG
CN
, are
al e
xten
t and
dis
pers
ion
for k
eyha
bita
ts, a
nd m
axim
um li
mits
for i
mpa
cts f
rom
“di
rect
thre
at”
cons
erva
tion
issu
es.
Such
obj
ectiv
es a
re o
ften
diff
icul
t to
dete
rmin
e gi
ven
the
com
plex
ity o
f mos
t nat
ural
syst
ems,
and
they
are
bey
ond
the
scop
e of
this
Pla
n. H
owev
er, p
opul
atio
n ob
ject
ives
are
av
aila
ble
for s
ome
spec
ies i
n re
gion
al a
nd n
atio
nal c
onse
rvat
ion
initi
ativ
es (e
.g.,
Partn
ers i
n Fl
ight
and
end
ange
red
spec
ies
reco
very
pla
ns),
and
ther
e is
ext
ensi
ve li
tera
ture
on
popu
latio
n vi
abili
ty a
naly
sis t
hat c
an b
e ap
plie
d to
oth
er sp
ecie
s. H
abita
tob
ject
ives
are
less
wel
l dev
elop
ed, a
lthou
gh th
ere
is a
gro
win
g bo
dy o
f kno
wle
dge
abou
t pat
ch si
ze a
nd is
olat
ion,
con
nect
ivity
, ed
ge e
ffec
ts a
nd si
mila
r fac
tors
that
influ
ence
hab
itat v
iabi
lity.
Som
e th
resh
olds
for i
mpa
cts a
re w
ell e
stab
lishe
d, w
hile
oth
ers a
re
poor
ly u
nder
stoo
d an
d re
quire
add
ition
al re
sear
ch.
Stan
dard
ized
sche
mes
for c
ateg
oriz
ing
SGC
N, k
ey h
abita
ts, c
onse
rvat
ion
issu
es a
nd c
onse
rvat
ion
actio
ns a
re n
eces
sary
to ta
ke fu
llad
vant
age
of c
oope
rativ
e pl
anni
ng a
mon
g ke
y pa
rtner
s, w
hich
is c
ruci
al to
the
succ
ess o
f the
Pla
n. T
o th
is e
nd, t
he e
xist
ing
habi
tat
clas
sific
atio
n sc
hem
e, b
ased
on
the
Nat
iona
l Veg
etat
ion
Cla
ssifi
catio
n Sy
stem
, sho
uld
be re
vise
d us
ing
Nat
ureS
erve
’s E
colo
gica
lSy
stem
s sch
eme,
whi
ch m
ore
accu
rate
ly d
epic
ts h
abita
ts fr
om a
faun
al p
ersp
ectiv
e. C
onse
rvat
ion
partn
ers s
houl
d be
stro
ngly
en
cour
aged
to a
dopt
this
sche
me
also
. Li
kew
ise,
par
tner
s sho
uld
cons
ider
util
izin
g th
e “t
axon
omie
s” o
f con
serv
atio
n is
sues
and
actio
ns th
at w
ere
deve
lope
d fo
r thi
s Pla
n (S
ectio
n 5)
, or n
ew sc
hem
es sh
ould
be
deve
lope
d th
at a
re a
ccep
tabl
e to
all
partn
ers.
The
habi
tat m
aps p
repa
red
for t
his p
lan
requ
ire re
visi
on to
val
idat
e m
odel
ing
assu
mpt
ions
(Sec
tion
8.1)
and
brin
g th
em in
to
conf
orm
ance
with
the
Ecol
ogic
al S
yste
ms c
lass
ifica
tion
(abo
ve).
The
y al
so m
ust b
e up
date
d w
hene
ver n
ew b
asel
ine
info
rmat
ion
beco
mes
ava
ilabl
e, p
artic
ular
ly a
eria
l pho
togr
aphs
, lan
d us
e/la
nd c
over
dat
a an
d w
etla
nd m
appi
ng.
Con
side
ratio
n sh
ould
be
give
nto
upd
atin
g th
is b
asel
ine
info
rmat
ion
mor
e of
ten
and/
or sy
nchr
oniz
ing
the
upda
tes w
ith D
EWA
P an
d ot
her p
lann
ing
proc
esse
s as
appr
opria
te.
Giv
en th
at th
is P
lan
iden
tifie
s abo
ut 9
0 di
ffer
ent c
onse
rvat
ion
issu
es th
at im
pact
SG
CN
and
key
hab
itats
, the
re is
an
obvi
ous n
eed
to p
riorit
ize
thes
e is
sues
util
izin
g a
cons
iste
nt ri
sk a
sses
smen
t pro
cess
. Su
ch a
met
hodo
logy
has
bee
n de
velo
ped
for a
sses
sing
the
risk
pose
d by
inva
sive
pla
nts t
o na
tura
l com
mun
ities
and
nat
ive
spec
ies i
n D
elaw
are.
Thi
s app
roac
h sh
ould
be
gene
raliz
ed to
al
low
its a
pplic
atio
n to
all
“dire
ct th
reat
” co
nser
vatio
n is
sues
. A
stra
tegi
c pl
anni
ng p
roce
ss m
ust b
e de
velo
ped
to fa
cilit
ate
acco
mpl
ishm
ent o
f the
mor
e th
an 2
30 c
onse
rvat
ion
actio
ns in
this
Pl
an.
Staf
f, fu
nds a
nd o
ther
logi
stic
al re
sour
ces w
ill a
lway
s be
in sh
ort s
uppl
y, a
nd p
oliti
cal s
hifts
and
pub
lic re
actio
ns w
illsp
orad
ical
ly e
xert
pres
sure
for i
napp
ropr
iate
act
ions
. A
syst
emat
ic a
ppro
ach
is n
eede
d to
est
ablis
h –
and
perio
dica
lly a
djus
t –pr
iorit
ies f
or c
onse
rvat
ion
actio
ns a
nd to
allo
cate
reso
urce
s so
as to
bes
t acc
ompl
ish
the
mos
t im
porta
nt ta
sks f
irst.
Sim
ilar t
o SG
CN
, key
hab
itats
and
aba
tem
ent o
f thr
eats
from
con
serv
atio
n is
sues
, the
succ
ess o
f con
serv
atio
n ac
tions
shou
ld b
e m
easu
red
rela
tive
to m
anag
emen
t tar
gets
, as o
ppos
ed to
abs
olut
e nu
mbe
rs o
f act
ions
take
n, w
hene
ver p
ossi
ble.
A
dapt
ive
man
agem
ent n
eces
sita
tes t
rack
ing
all a
spec
ts o
f mon
itorin
g, w
heth
er it
is th
e st
atus
and
tren
ds o
f SG
CN
and
key
ha
bita
ts, t
he a
bate
men
t of i
mpa
cts f
rom
con
serv
atio
n is
sues
, or t
he e
valu
atio
n of
con
serv
atio
n ac
tions
. Ex
istin
g da
ta m
anag
emen
tan
d de
cisi
on su
ppor
t com
pute
r app
licat
ions
shou
ld b
e fu
lly im
plem
ente
d an
d up
date
d, o
r add
ition
al o
nes d
evel
oped
, to
mee
t thi
s
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
8-10
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
9/27
/200
6
need
. O
f spe
cial
con
cern
is th
e do
cum
enta
tion
of c
onse
rvat
ion
actio
ns, s
ome
of w
hich
are
alre
ady
bein
g im
plem
ente
d by
a v
arie
tyof
pub
lic a
nd p
rivat
e pr
ovid
ers.
Coo
rdin
atio
n of
thes
e ac
tions
is e
ssen
tial f
or su
cces
sful
ada
ptiv
e m
anag
emen
t.
The
habi
tat c
ondi
tion
ratin
gs in
Sec
tion
6.1
are
base
d fo
r the
mos
t par
t on
expe
rt kn
owle
dge
in th
e ab
senc
e of
qua
ntita
tive
data
.Id
eally
, the
se ra
tings
wou
ld e
vent
ually
be
base
d on
qua
ntita
tive
data
, suc
h as
the
anal
ysis
don
e fo
r Coa
stal
Pla
in p
onds
(Sec
tion
6.1.
7) a
nd fo
rest
blo
cks (
Sect
ion
6.1.
19),
and
wou
ld in
corp
orat
e N
atur
al H
erita
ge c
onse
rvat
ion
rank
s (se
e Se
ctio
n 8.
1 fo
r mor
e in
form
atio
n on
this
issu
e).
Unt
il th
at ti
me,
a m
ore
syst
emat
ic a
ppro
ach
usin
g qu
alita
tive
info
rmat
ion
is n
eede
d to
bet
ter d
ocum
ent
habi
tat c
ondi
tion
and
faci
litat
e pe
riodi
c re
view
and
revi
sion
. A
n ap
proa
ch si
mila
r to
that
pio
neer
ed b
y Th
e N
atur
e C
onse
rvan
cy,
for u
sing
the
best
ava
ilabl
e kn
owle
dge
in c
onse
rvat
ion
plan
ning
, sho
uld
be d
evel
oped
. Th
is w
ould
ent
ail d
ivid
ing
habi
tat
cond
ition
into
com
pone
nts,
such
as n
umbe
r, ex
tent
and
dis
tribu
tion
of p
rote
cted
vs.
unpr
otec
ted
occu
rren
ces;
via
bilit
y an
d co
nnec
tivity
of i
ndiv
idua
l pat
ches
; sho
rt an
d lo
ng te
rm tr
ends
in n
umbe
r, ex
tent
or v
iabi
lity;
seve
rity,
scop
e an
d im
med
iacy
of
impa
cts f
rom
con
serv
atio
n is
sues
; and
sens
itivi
ty to
dis
turb
ance
. Ea
ch o
f the
se w
ould
be
rate
d go
od, f
air o
r poo
r bas
ed o
n de
fined
crite
ria, a
nd th
e co
mpo
nent
rank
s wou
ld b
e co
mbi
ned
into
an
aggr
egat
e ra
ting.
Pe
rfor
man
ce in
dica
tors
may
take
seve
ral f
orm
s, ba
sed
on th
e ty
pe o
f mon
itorin
g th
at th
ey se
ek to
mea
sure
: Im
plem
enta
tion
mon
itori
ng m
easu
res t
he d
egre
e to
whi
ch c
onse
rvat
ion
actio
ns in
the
plan
hav
e be
en in
itiat
ed o
r com
plet
ed,
e.g.
, the
num
ber o
f “pr
ofile
bro
chur
es,”
“ci
tizen
s gui
des”
and
wild
life
view
ing
guid
es im
plem
ente
d.
Effe
ctiv
enes
s mon
itori
ng m
easu
res w
heth
er o
r not
con
serv
atio
n ac
tions
are
ach
ievi
ng th
eir d
esire
d ou
tcom
e, e
.g.,
if w
orki
ng
with
hun
ters
to in
crea
se d
eer h
arve
st o
n st
ate
land
s is e
ffec
tive
in re
duci
ng h
erbi
vory
impa
cts t
o ke
y ha
bita
ts.
Valid
atio
n m
onito
ring
mea
sure
s the
ass
umpt
ion
of li
nkag
e be
twee
n co
nser
vatio
n ac
tion
outc
omes
and
SG
CN
stat
us o
r key
ha
bita
t con
ditio
n, e
.g.,
does
succ
essf
ully
ada
ptin
g du
ne st
abili
zatio
n pr
ojec
ts to
allo
w fo
r ove
rwas
h ha
bita
t act
ually
resu
lt in
incr
ease
s of b
each
-nes
ting
bird
s. Im
plem
enta
tion
and
valid
atio
n pe
rfor
man
ce in
dica
tors
for m
easu
ring
succ
ess a
re sh
own
in th
e fo
llow
ing
tabl
e, o
rgan
ized
by
the
Plan
’s G
uidi
ng P
rinci
ples
for C
onse
rvat
ion
Act
ions
as o
utlin
ed in
Sec
tion
1.1.
2. O
nce
a de
cisi
on su
ppor
t app
licat
ion
is in
pla
ce,
info
rmat
ion
on a
ll of
thes
e in
dica
tors
may
be
colle
cted
initi
ally
. H
owev
er, i
t is a
ntic
ipat
ed th
at, w
ith e
xper
ienc
e, a
subs
et w
ill b
e se
lect
ed th
at b
est m
easu
res t
he e
ffec
tiven
ess o
f the
Pla
n as
a w
hole
. Im
plem
enta
tion
indi
cato
rs a
re m
easu
res o
f ove
rall
Plan
su
cces
s, an
d va
lidat
ion
indi
cato
rs a
re a
pplie
d ac
ross
all
cons
erva
tion
actio
ns.
On
the
othe
r han
d, e
ffec
tiven
ess i
ndic
ator
s are
spec
ific
to in
divi
dual
act
ions
, and
will
be
deve
lope
d as
act
ions
are
em
ploy
ed; a
few
exa
mpl
es o
f the
se a
re d
etai
led
in S
ectio
n 8.
5.A
lso,
any
indi
cato
r may
requ
ire m
odifi
catio
n ov
er ti
me,
or a
dditi
onal
indi
cato
rs m
ay n
eed
deve
lopm
ent i
f ent
irely
new
co
nser
vatio
n ac
tions
aris
e as
par
t of a
n ad
aptiv
e m
anag
emen
t app
roac
h.
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
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elaw
are
Div
isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 8-
11
Gui
ding
Prin
cipl
e fo
r Con
serv
atio
n A
ctio
ns
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pe
rfor
man
ce In
dica
tors
Man
agem
ent o
n C
onse
rvat
ion
Land
s –
Dire
ct m
anag
emen
t in
stat
e w
ildlif
e ar
eas
– an
d st
ate
park
s an
d st
ate
fore
sts
in k
eepi
ng w
ith th
eir p
rimar
y m
issi
ons
– to
war
ds k
ey h
abita
ts a
nd S
GC
N in
the
Gre
en In
frast
ruct
ure
Nat
ural
R
esou
rces
Foc
us A
rea,
in o
rder
to p
rote
ct a
nd re
stor
e ha
bita
ts a
nd s
peci
es,
and
to a
bate
the
impa
cts
of c
onse
rvat
ion
issu
es.
Enc
oura
ge F
eder
al a
nd
NG
O la
nd m
anag
ers
to fo
cus
on th
is s
ame
obje
ctiv
e.
# o
f acr
es/m
iles
of v
iabl
e ke
y ha
bita
ts p
rote
cted
or r
esto
red
in m
anag
ed a
reas
in G
I Nat
ural
Res
ourc
es F
ocus
Are
a #
of m
anag
ed a
rea
plan
s in
corp
orat
ing
cons
erva
tion
actio
ns in
GI N
atur
al R
esou
rces
Foc
us A
rea
Man
agem
ent o
n Pr
ivat
e La
nds
– D
irect
priv
ate
land
s m
anag
emen
t tow
ards
bu
fferin
g an
d co
nnec
ting
cons
erva
tion
land
s in
the
Gre
en In
frast
ruct
ure
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
es F
ocus
Are
a, a
nd to
war
ds p
rote
ctin
g ou
tlyin
g sm
all p
atch
ha
bita
ts a
nd S
GC
N.
# o
f lan
dow
ners
enr
olle
d in
con
serv
atio
n pr
ogra
ms
in G
I N
atur
al R
esou
rces
Foc
us A
rea
# o
f acr
es/m
iles
of k
ey h
abita
ts p
rote
cted
or r
esto
red
in G
I N
atur
al R
esou
rces
Foc
us A
rea
# o
f dol
lars
app
ropr
iate
d or
spe
nt fo
r inc
entiv
e pr
ogra
ms
in
GI N
atur
al R
esou
rces
Foc
us A
rea
# o
f tur
nkey
ser
vice
s de
velo
ped
Mea
sure
s of
Suc
cess
, Mon
itorin
g, R
esea
rch
and
Ada
ptiv
e M
anag
emen
t –
Est
ablis
h pe
rform
ance
indi
cato
rs to
mea
sure
the
succ
ess
of c
onse
rvat
ion
actio
ns a
nd p
lan
impl
emen
tatio
n. M
onito
r spe
cies
, hab
itats
and
impa
cts
of
cons
erva
tion
issu
es, a
nd c
ondu
ct a
pplie
d re
sear
ch, s
o as
to fa
cilit
ate
adap
tive
man
agem
ent.
% o
f con
serv
atio
n ac
tions
initi
ated
or c
ompl
eted
by
DFW
#
of s
tand
ardi
zed
mon
itorin
g pr
otoc
ols
deve
lope
d #
of s
peci
fic p
erfo
rman
ce in
dica
tors
dev
elop
ed
# o
f man
agem
ent p
lans
inco
rpor
atin
g ad
aptiv
e m
anag
emen
t fra
mew
ork
Sco
reca
rd d
evel
oped
or u
pdat
ed
Dat
a C
olle
ctio
n an
d In
form
atio
n M
anag
emen
t – C
olle
ct, m
anag
e an
d an
alyz
e da
ta to
sup
port
wild
life
dive
rsity
con
serv
atio
n ef
forts
with
sou
nd
scie
nce.
# o
f spa
tial d
atab
ase
appl
icat
ions
for d
ecis
ion
supp
ort
inst
alle
d or
upd
ated
#
of u
sers
of d
ecis
ion
supp
ort a
pplic
atio
ns
# o
f age
ncie
s an
d or
gani
zatio
ns in
corp
orat
ing
SG
CN
and
ke
y ha
bita
t dat
a in
to d
ecis
ion
mak
ing
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
8-12
Del
awar
e D
ivis
ion
of F
ish
and
Wild
life
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6
Gui
ding
Prin
cipl
e fo
r Con
serv
atio
n A
ctio
ns
Impl
emen
tatio
n Pe
rfor
man
ce In
dica
tors
Div
isio
n O
pera
tions
– R
eorg
aniz
e, re
vise
and
/or e
nhan
ce D
FW
adm
inis
trativ
e st
ruct
ure,
sta
ffing
, bud
getin
g, p
roce
dure
s an
d pr
actic
es a
s ne
cess
ary
to fa
cilit
ate
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
DE
WA
P.
% o
f kno
wn
spec
ies
with
cur
rent
Nat
ural
Her
itage
rank
s %
of S
GC
N a
nd k
ey h
abita
ts w
ith c
urre
nt d
istri
butio
n an
d st
atus
/con
ditio
n in
form
atio
n #
of s
tand
ardi
zed
or c
ompa
tible
eco
logi
cal c
lass
ifica
tion
syst
ems
deve
lope
d #
of r
isk
asse
ssm
ents
initi
ated
or c
ompl
eted
for “
dire
ct
thre
at” c
onse
rvat
ion
issu
es
# o
f man
agem
ent p
lans
initi
ated
or c
ompl
eted
for S
GC
N,
key
habi
tat a
nd “d
irect
thre
at” c
onse
rvat
ion
issu
es
# o
f res
earc
h pr
ojec
ts in
itiat
ed o
r com
plet
ed
# o
f hou
rs o
f DFW
sta
ff tim
e de
vote
d to
SG
CN
and
key
ha
bita
t con
serv
atio
n #
of d
olla
rs o
f Sta
te a
nd F
eder
al fu
ndin
g ap
prop
riate
d or
sp
ent f
or S
GC
N a
nd k
ey h
abita
t con
serv
atio
n
Part
ners
hip
Dev
elop
men
t – S
treng
then
par
tner
ship
s w
ith o
ther
con
serv
atio
n ag
enci
es a
nd o
rgan
izat
ions
to li
nk la
ndsc
apes
, tie
toge
ther
com
plem
enta
ry
appr
oach
es, a
nd le
vera
ge in
vest
men
ts o
f tim
e, s
taff
and
mon
ey.
# o
f hou
rs o
f par
tner
sta
ff tim
e de
vote
d to
SG
CN
and
key
ha
bita
t con
serv
atio
n #
of d
olla
rs o
f par
tner
fund
ing
appr
opria
ted
or s
pent
for
SG
CN
and
key
hab
itat c
onse
rvat
ion
# o
f con
serv
atio
n ac
tions
initi
ated
or c
ompl
eted
by
partn
ers
Educ
atio
n, O
utre
ach
and
Enfo
rcem
ent –
Incr
ease
pub
lic k
now
ledg
e of
w
ildlif
e co
nser
vatio
n is
sues
to d
evel
op a
n un
ders
tand
ing
of h
abita
ts, S
GC
N,
and
cons
erva
tion
issu
es a
nd a
ctio
ns; f
oste
r a s
ense
of r
espo
nsib
ility
for
pers
onal
cho
ices
; act
ivel
y en
gage
citi
zens
in c
onse
rvin
g na
tura
l res
ourc
es;
and
othe
rwis
e cu
ltiva
te s
uppo
rt fo
r wild
life
dive
rsity
con
serv
atio
n. E
nfor
ce
regu
latio
ns to
pro
mot
e re
spon
sibl
e be
havi
or in
inte
ract
ions
with
wild
life.
# o
f Sta
te s
taff
train
ed o
n ke
y ha
bita
t eco
logy
, SG
CN
bi
olog
y, a
nd c
onse
rvat
ion
issu
es a
nd a
ctio
ns
# o
f “pr
ofile
bro
chur
es,”
“citi
zens
gui
des”
and
wild
life
view
ing
guid
es in
itiat
ed o
r com
plet
ed
# o
f Ado
pt-a
-Wet
land
and
Bac
kyar
d H
abita
t par
ticip
ants
#
of C
ertif
ied
Citi
zen
Nat
ural
ists
#
of s
choo
lyar
d ha
bita
ts in
itiat
ed o
r com
plet
ed
# o
f enf
orce
men
t act
ions
per
tain
ing
to S
GC
N a
nd k
ey
habi
tats
# o
f hou
rs o
f DFW
sta
ff tim
e de
vote
d to
enf
orce
men
t of
regu
latio
ns p
rote
ctin
g S
GC
N a
nd k
ey h
abita
ts
Del
awar
e W
ildlif
e A
ctio
n Pl
an
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are
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isio
n of
Fis
h an
d W
ildlif
e 8-
13
Gui
ding
Prin
cipl
e fo
r Con
serv
atio
n A
ctio
ns
Valid
atio
n Pe
rfor
man
ce In
dica
tors
Con
serv
atio
n of
Spe
cies
vs.
Hab
itats
– T
arge
t the
pre
serv
atio
n or
re
stor
atio
n of
SG
CN
, but
em
phas
ize
the
man
agem
ent o
f eco
logi
cal s
truct
ure
and
func
tion
of k
ey h
abita
ts o
ver m
anag
emen
t of i
ndiv
idua
l spe
cies
.
# o
f via
ble
SG
CN
occ
urre
nces
, or S
GC
N p
opul
atio
n le
vels
#
of s
peci
es a
dded
to o
r rem
oved
from
SG
CN
list
or S
tate
en
dang
ered
list
, or w
ith c
hang
ed H
erita
ge ra
nk
# o
f acr
es/m
iles
of v
iabl
e ke
y ha
bita
ts
8.5.
Exam
ples
The
follo
win
g ex
ampl
es sh
ow h
ow th
e Pl
an w
ould
mea
sure
succ
ess f
or S
GC
N a
nd k
ey h
abita
ts.
Issu
es a
nd a
ctio
ns a
re d
raw
n fr
om
Sect
ions
6.1-
6.4,
and
inve
ntor
y, m
onito
ring
and
rese
arch
are
take
n fr
om S
ectio
ns 8
.1-8
.3.
For p
urpo
ses o
f illu
stra
tion,
onl
y se
lect
ed
issu
es, a
ctio
ns, i
nven
tory
, mon
itorin
g,re
sear
ch a
nd in
dica
tors
are
show
n.
Red
Kno
t C
onse
rvat
ion
Issu
e C
onse
rvat
ion
Act
ion
Inve
ntor
y, M
onito
ring,
Res
earc
h Ef
fect
iven
ess
Indi
cato
r
Res
iden
tial a
nd C
omm
erci
al
Stru
ctur
es
Impr
ove
fede
ral/s
tate
/loca
l co
ordi
natio
n of
env
ironm
enta
l re
view
to e
nsur
e th
at p
oten
tial
impa
cts
to k
ey h
abita
ts a
nd S
GC
N
are
min
imiz
ed fo
r all
maj
or
proj
ects
.
Mon
itor #
of m
ajor
pro
ject
s re
ceiv
ing
coor
dina
ted
fede
ral/s
tate
/loca
l rev
iew
for
impa
cts
to re
d kn
ots
Cha
nge
in re
d kn
ot p
opul
atio
n le
vel a
ttrib
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SECTION 9
Plan Review and Update
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
9/27/2006 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife 9-1
9. Plan Review and Update The Plan will be updated continuously by DFW as soon as new information becomes available about species, habitats, issues or actions. These updates will be formally reviewed for the first time two years after approval, with subsequent reviews every five years. Reviews will be conducted by the Key Partners steering committee (Section 10), and will include all aspects of the Plan – SGCN, Key Wildlife Habitats, and Conservation Issues and Actions. A database is under development to track updates of Plan components in order to facilitate the review process.
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
9-2 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife 9/27/2006
SECTION 10
Plan Implementation
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
9/27/2006 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife 10-1
10. Plan Implementation Two aspects of DEWAP implementation are noteworthy for their use of partnerships. The Key Partners group that provided guidance for the Plan development (Section 1.3) will be reconstituted as a “steering committee,” coordinated by DFW, to guide Plan implementation. For this purpose it will be expanded to include representatives from other state agencies, additional external organizations, and stakeholder and user groups. It is anticipated that initially this group will meet every six months to set priorities, strategize approaches for implementing actions, and review measures of success. Specific tasks may include formulating the schedule and process for Plan updates and revisions and reviewing those updates and revisions; reviewing proposed conservation actions and monitoring efforts; establishing a process for providing State Wildlife Grant funding to external parties; reviewing proposed internal and external grant projects; and others as appropriate.
One implementation strategy will be to develop more detailed, site-based conservation plans for ecologically distinct portions of the Green Infrastructure Natural Resources Focus Area. A pilot project for such plans was recently completed through a partnership between DFW and the Delaware Chapter of The Nature Conservancy. The executive summary and technical report of the Blackbird-Millington Corridor Conservation Area Plan is attached in Appendix G.
The Blackbird-Millington plan seeks to preserve and enhance the Corridor’s natural resources by bringing the perspectives of the scientific community together with those of local residents, planning agencies and conservation organizations. This innovative approach to conservation planning focuses on maximizing cooperation and support among a diversity of organizations, agencies, and individuals. The results of this planning effort will serve as a guide for targeting multiple resources to the Corridor – from public and private conservation partners, community members, and other interested individuals.
Also, an interactive version of DEWAP will be posted on the DNREC website and made widely available on CD following acceptance of the Plan. This will incorporate features not included in the hardcopy version (due to format limitations), scalable maps, and hyperlinks.
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
10-2 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife 9/27/2006
SECTION 11
Bibliography
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
9/27/2006 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife 11-1
11. Bibliography
Section 3Marine, Estuarine, and Diadromous Fish Stocks at Risk of Extinction in North America (Exclusive of Pacific Salmonids). 2000. American Fisheries Society. Bird Conservation Region 30 Plan. 2004. Mid-Atlantic Bird Conservation Initiative. North American Bird Conservation Initiative. 2004. http://www.nabci-us.org/main2.html.Highly Migratory Species Fisheries Management Plans. 2004. National Marine Fisheries Service. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/sfa/hms/.Wildlife Species of Regional Conservation Concern in the Northeastern United States. 1999.Northeast Endangered Species and Wildlife Diversity Technical Committee. Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission Interstate Fishery Management Plans. 2004.http://www.asmfc.org/.Audubon Watchlist 2002: An Early Warning System for Bird Conservation. http://www.audubon.org/bird/watchlist/.BirdLife International. 2004. http://www.birdlife.org/.Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna: Appendices I, II, III. 2004. http://www.cites.org/.International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. 2004.http://www.iucnredlist.org/.Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council Fishery Management Plans & Amendments. 2004. http://www.mafmc.org/mid-atlantic/fmp/fmp.htm.North American Waterbird Conservation Plan. 2002. Waterbird Conservation for the Americas. North American Waterfowl Management Plan: Update. 1998. Canadian Wildlife Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Instituto Nacional de Ecología-SEMARNAP, Mexico. Northern Bobwhite Conservation Initiative. 2002. Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. MidAtlantic Coastal Plain Plan. 2004. Partners in Flight. http://www.blm.gov/wildlife/pl_44sum.htm.MidAtlantic Piedmont Plan. 2004. Partners in Flight. http://www.blm.gov/wildlife/pl_10sum.htm.Chesapeake Bay Lowlands Ecoregion Plan. 2002. The Nature Conservancy. Lower New England-Northern Piedmont Ecoregion Plan. 2003. The Nature Conservancy. North Atlantic Coast Ecoregion Plan. 1999. The Nature Conservancy. United States Shorebird Conservation Plan. 2001. Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences.
Section 4The Natural Communities of Delaware. 2000. Delaware Natural Heritage Program. Delmarva Conservation Corridor Demonstration Program. 2002. Farm Security and Rural Investment Act, Subtitle G.
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Section 5Taxonomy of Direct Threats. 2005. Conservation Measures Partnership. Taxonomy of Conservation Actions. 2005. Conservation Measures Partnership. Criteria to Define Extinction Risk in Marine Fishes. 1999. American Fisheries Society. Management of Sharks and Their Relatives. 2003. American Fisheries Society. Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission Interstate Fishery Management Plans. 2004.http://www.asmfc.org/.Bats in Eastern Woodlands. 2001. Bat Conservation International.Delaware Green Infrastructure Initiative. 2005.http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/GI/index.htmDelaware National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan: 2004-2009. 2004. Delaware National Estuarine Research Reserve. Second Nature: Improving Transportation without Putting Nature Second. Undated.Defenders of Wildlife. Delaware Invasive Species Management Plan. 2005. Delaware Invasive Species Council. Pea Patch Island Heronry Region Special Area Management Plan. 1998. DNREC. Protecting Delaware's Nature Heritage: Tools for Biodiversity Conservation. 1999.Environmental Law Institute. Protecting Delaware's Forests for Biodiversity. 2003. Environmental Law Institute. Innovative State Strategies for Biodiversity Conservation. 2001. Environmental Law Institute.Bird Conservation Region 30 Plan. 2004. Mid-Atlantic Bird Conservation Initiative. Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council Fishery Management Plans & Amendments. 2004. http://www.mafmc.org/mid-atlantic/fmp/fmp.htm.Important Bird Areas Program. 2004. National Audubon Society.http://www.audubon.org/bird/iba/.Highly Migratory Species Fisheries Management Plans. 2004. National Marine Fisheries Service. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/sfa/hms/.Endangered by Sprawl. 2005. National Wildlife Federation. State Planning Guide for Bats. Undated. North American Bat Conservation Partnership. http://www.batcon.org/nabcp/newsite/nabcp_state_planning_guide.pdf.North American Waterbird Conservation Plan. 2002. Waterbird Conservation for the Americas. North American Waterfowl Management Plan: Update. 1998. Canadian Wildlife Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Instituto Nacional de Ecología-SEMARNAP, Mexico. Wildlife Species of Regional Conservation Concern in the Northeastern United States. 1999.Northeast Endangered Species and Wildlife Diversity Technical Committee. Habitat Management Guidelines. 2004. Partners for Amphibian and Reptile Conservation, Northeast Working Group. http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/neparc/HMG/.Northern Bobwhite Conservation Initiative. 2002. Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. Our Natural Legacy. 2001. Delaware's Biodiversity Conservation Partnership. MidAtlantic Coastal Plain Plan. 2004. Partners in Flight. http://www.blm.gov/wildlife/pl_44sum.htm.
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MidAtlantic Piedmont Plan. 2004. Partners in Flight. http://www.blm.gov/wildlife/pl_10sum.htm.North American Landbird Conservation Plan. 2004. Partners in Flight. Chesapeake Bay Lowlands Ecoregion Plan. 2002. The Nature Conservancy. Lower New England-Northern Piedmont Ecoregion Plan. 2003. The Nature Conservancy. North Atlantic Coast Ecoregion Plan. 1999. The Nature Conservancy. Blackbird-Millington Corridor Conservation Area Plan. 2005. The Nature Conservancy.http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/nhp/information/blackbird.aspPreliminary Report of the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy. 2004. U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy. Chesapeake Bay Nutria Control. 2004. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. http://www.fws.gov/invasives/Indexhottop.NU.html.Draft Environmental Impact Statement on Light Goose Management. 2001. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Draft Environmental Impact Statement: Resident Canada Goose Management. 2002. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Bog Turtle (Clemmys muhlenbergii) Northern Population Recovery Plan. 2001. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Delmarva Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger cinereus) Recovery Plan. 1992. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) Atlantic Coast Population Revised Recovery Plan.1996. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. United States Shorebird Conservation Plan. 2001. Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences. Comprehensive Management Plan for Shorebirds on Delaware Bay. Undated. New Jersey Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife. Neotropical Migratory Songbird Coastal Corridor Study. 1993. Virginia Department of Environmental Quality.
Section 6.1Comprehensive Biological Inventory of Delaware’s Freshwater Wetlands as Conducted by the Delaware Natural Heritage Inventory. 1991. Delaware Division of Parks and Recreation. Final Report on Biological Inventory of the Inland Bays as Conducted by the Delaware Natural Heritage Inventory. 1992. Delaware Division of Parks and Recreation. Biotic Composition of Selected Freshwater Marshes and a Survey of Natural Community Types Found within the Delaware Coastal Zone, New Castle County. 1992. Delaware Division of Parks and Recreation. Thousand Acre Marsh Biotics Composition and Natural Community Types Evaluation. 1994. Delaware Division of Parks and Recreation. Augustine Creek Marsh Biotics Inventory and Natural Community Evaluation. 1994. Delaware Division of Parks and Recreation. A Natural Heritage Survey of Selected NWI Wetland Types of the Nanticoke River Watershed. 1995. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. Biological Assessment of the Milford Neck Preserve. 1995. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife.
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Biological and Natural Community Analyses of Riparian Communities within the Coastal Zone of Kent County, Delaware (Task No. 94-9). 1995. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. Zoological, Botanical and Natural Community Analyses of Selected Riparian Communities of New Castle County, Delaware: Red Clay Creek and Christina River. 1996. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. An Avian Inventory of the Great Cypress (North Pocomoke) Swamp: Preliminary Determination of Forest-Dependent Species Composition, Relative Abundance and Implications for Conservation. 1996. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. A Natural Heritage Survey of Cedar Swamp Wildlife Area, New Castle County, Delaware. 1998. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. A Natural Heritage Survey of Cape Henlopen State Park, Sussex County, Delaware. 1998.Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. Natural Heritage Survey of Selected Areas of the Dover Air Force Base, Dover, Delaware.1998. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. An Ecological Characterization of Delmarva’s Great Cypress Swamp Conservation Area.1999. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. An Ecological Characterization of White Clay Creek State Park, New Castle County, Delaware. 2000. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. Biological Surveys at Blackbird State Forest. 2001. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. An Ecological Characterization of Lums Pond State Park, New Castle County, Delaware. 2002. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. Piedmont Basin Preliminary Assessment Report. Undated. Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control. Inland Bays/Atlantic Ocean Basin Assessment Report. 2001. Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control. Assessment Report of Delaware’s Chesapeake Basin. 2001. Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control. Delaware Bay and Estuary Basin Assessment Report (draft). 2004. Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control.
Section 6.1.2Delaware Hunting and Trapping Guide. 2006. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) Atlantic Coast Population Revised Recovery Plan.1996. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. The Biota of Delaware’s Barrier Beaches and Dunes of the Delaware Bay. 1997. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. Inventory of Delaware’s Coastal Dune Systems for Extant Populations of Photurisbethaniensis a Lampyrid Firefly. 1998. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife.
Section 6.1.4Xeric Sand Ridge Communities of the Nanticoke River Watershed, Delaware and Maryland. 2000. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. Delaware Hunting and Trapping Guide. 2006. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife.
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Delmarva Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger cinereus) Recovery Plan. 1992. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Section 6.1.5Delaware Hunting and Trapping Guide. 2006. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. Delmarva Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger cinereus) Recovery Plan. 1992. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Characterization of Category I Non-Tidal Wetland Communities in Delaware: Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum (L.) Richard and Atlantic White Cedar Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) BSP. 1993. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife.
Section 6.1.6Characterization of Category I Non-Tidal Wetland Communities in Delaware: Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum (L.) Richard and Atlantic White Cedar Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) BSP. 1993. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife.
Section 6.1.7Community Classification and Mapping Criteria for Category I Interdunal Swales and Coastal Plain Pond Wetlands in Delaware. 1994. Delaware Division of Parks and Recreation. Mapping and Assessing the Conservation Status of Delmarva Bay Wetlands in Delaware. 1999. The Nature Conservancy. Development of a Remote Site Selection Model for Assessing the Quality of Coastal Plain Seasonal Pond Wetlands. 2005. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. Blackbird-Millington Corridor Conservation Area Plan. 2005. The Nature Conservancy.http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/nhp/information/blackbird.aspGIS Analysis of Coastal Plain Seasonal Pond Buffers. 2006. Rick McCorkle, personal communication.
Section 6.1.8Community Classification and Mapping Criteria for Category I Interdunal Swales and Coastal Plain Pond Wetlands in Delaware. 1994. Delaware Division of Parks and Recreation.
Section 6.1.9Preliminary Natural Community Studies of Potential Category I Wetland Types in Delaware: Sea-Level Fens and Piedmont Stream Valley Wetlands. 1994. Delaware Division of Parks and Recreation. Bog Turtle (Clemmys muhlenbergii) Northern Population Recovery Plan. 2001. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Section 6.1.11Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) Surveys within the Nanticoke River System, Sussex Co., Delaware 2004-2005. 2006. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife.
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Mute Swan Status and Management – Delaware. 2002. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife.
Section 6.1.14Chesapeake Bay Nutria Control. 2004. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. http://www.fws.gov/invasives/Indexhottop.NU.html.Draft Environmental Impact Statement on Light Goose Management. 2001. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Draft Environmental Impact Statement: Resident Canada Goose Management. 2002. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Mute Swan Status and Management – Delaware. 2002. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. Mosquito Control in Delaware. 2005. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. http://www.fw.delaware.gov/NR/rdonlyres/C9019C48-D752-403A-8684-F101D568C5FF/409/MCinDEwithstaffeditsfinal.pdfMosquito Control Program Description. 2006. Maryland Department of Agriculture. http://www.mda.state.de.us/plants-pests/mosquito_control/mosquito_control_program_description.php
Section 6.1.15Chesapeake Bay Nutria Control. 2004. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. http://www.fws.gov/invasives/Indexhottop.NU.html.Draft Environmental Impact Statement on Light Goose Management. 2001. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Draft Environmental Impact Statement: Resident Canada Goose Management. 2002. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Mute Swan Status and Management – Delaware. 2002. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife.
Section 6.1.161998 Watershed Assessment Report (305(b)). 1998. Delaware Division of Water Resources. http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/water/305breport.htm.2002 Watershed Assessment Report (305(b)). 2002. Delaware Division of Water Resources. http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/water2000/Sections/Watershed/TMDL/2002_305b.pdf.2004 Combined Watershed Assessment Report (305(b)) and Determination for the Clean Water Act Section 303(d) List of Waters Needing TMDLs. 2004. Delaware Division of Water Resources.http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/water2000/Sections/Watershed/TMDL/Final%202004%20305b.pdfPreliminary Results of Freshwater Mussel Surveys in Delaware (1993-1997): A Report to the Delaware Natural Heritage Program. Undated. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. Delaware’s Freshwater Mussel Surveys 1997-1999: Results and Implications for Conservation. 1999. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. Distribution and Abundance of Freshwater Mussels in Delaware: 2001 results. 2002.Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife.
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Draft Environmental Impact Statement on Light Goose Management. 2001. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Draft Environmental Impact Statement: Resident Canada Goose Management. 2002. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Delaware Fishing Guide. 2006. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/fw/fishmapa.pdf.
Section 6.1.17Delaware Bay Benthic and Sub-Bottom Mapping for Coastal Resource Management. 2005. Delaware Division of Soil and Water Conservation. http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/DNREC2000/Divisions/Soil/DNEER/Benthic%20Mapping.pdf.Delaware Fishing Guide. 2006. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/fw/fishmapa.pdf.
Section 6.1.18Draft Environmental Impact Statement on Light Goose Management. 2001. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Draft Environmental Impact Statement: Resident Canada Goose Management. 2002. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Section 6.1.19Habitat Management Guidelines for Forest Interior Breeding Birds of Coastal Maryland. 1988. Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Protecting Delaware's Nature Heritage: Tools for Biodiversity Conservation. 1999.Environmental Law Institute. Forest statistics for Delaware: 1986 and 1999. 2000. USDA Forest Service. Protecting Delaware's Forests for Biodiversity. 2003. Environmental Law Institute. Conservation Thresholds for Land Use Planners. 2003. Environmental Law Institute. How Much Habitat Is Enough? 2004. Environment Canada. http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/factsheets/pdf/fs-howmuchhabitat-e.pdf.GIS Analysis of Forest Loss. 2006. Glenn Gadders, personal communication. GIS Analysis of Forest Zonal Thickness and Patch Isolation. 2006. Rick McCorkle, personal communication. Delaware Forest Habitat-Quality Assessment: Coastal Plain Forests on Private Lands. 2006. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife.
Section 6.1.20Protecting Delaware's Nature Heritage: Tools for Biodiversity Conservation. 1999.Environmental Law Institute. Status and Recent Trends of Wetlands in Five Mid-Atlantic States: Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. 1986. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Delaware’s Wetlands: Status and Recent Trends. 2001. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Conservation Thresholds for Land Use Planners. 2003. Environmental Law Institute.
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How Much Habitat Is Enough? 2004. Environment Canada. http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/factsheets/pdf/fs-howmuchhabitat-e.pdf.
Section 6.2.1Delaware Green Infrastructure Program. 2005. State of Delaware. http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/GI/index.htmDelaware Strategies for State Policies and Spending: 5 Year Update. 2004. Delaware Office of State Planning Coordination. http://www.state.de.us/planning/strategies/strategies.shtml
Section 6.2.6Delaware Invasive Species Management Plan. 2005. Delaware Invasive Species Council.
Section 6.2.7Delaware Climate Change Action Plan. 2000. Center for Energy and Environmental Policy, University of Delaware.
Section 6.3.1Lights Out Chicago. 2005. Chicago Audubon Society. http://www.lightsout.audubon.org/Fatal Light Awareness Program (FLAP). 2005. http://www.flap.org/WIngs: Wisconsin Night Guardians for Song Birds. 2005. Wisconsin Humane Society. http://www.wihumane.org/wildlife/wings/vision.aspxProject Safe Flight. 2005. New York City Audubon. http://www.nycaudubon.org/NYCASBirdWatch/TabDefault.asp
Section 6.3.3Cats Indoors! Campaign. 2005. American Bird Conservancy. http://www.abcbirds.org/cats/
Section 6.4A GAP Analysis of the Land Cover in Maryland, Delaware, and New Jersey. 2003. U.S. Geological Survey.Biotics 4. 2005. NatureServe. http://www.natureserve.org/prodServices/biotics.jspNatureServe Vista. 2005. NatureServe.http://www.natureserve.org/prodServices/vista/overview.jspDelaware Invasive Species Tracking System. 2005. Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control and U.S. Geological Survey.http://www.lsc.usgs.gov/gis/dists/intro.aspAdopt-A-Wetland Program. 2005. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/DNREC2000/Divisions/FW/Adopt-A-Wetland.htmBackyard Wildlife Habitat Program. 2005. Delaware Nature Society. http://www.delawarenaturesociety.org/bwh.htmlThe Frontcountry Program. 2005. Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics.http://www.lnt.org/programs/front_country/index.htmlPEAK (Promoting Environmental Awareness in Kids) Program. 2005. Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics. http://www.lnt.org/programs/peak/index.html
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
9/27/2006 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife 11-9
Certified Citizen Naturalist Volunteer Program. 2005. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/GI/GIHelp.htmEco-Explorers Program. 2005. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/fw/neware/Program%20Overview/Program%20Overview.htmWADE (Wetland Activities for Delaware Educators). 2005. Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife. http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/fw/neware/Program%20Overview/Program%20Overview.htmProject WILD. 2005. Council for Environmental Education. http://www.projectwild.org/Project WET (Water Education for Teachers). 2005. Project WET International Foundation. http://www.projectwet.org/ Voluntary Conservation Tools and Programs. 2005. Defenders of Wildlife.
Section 8Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity: Standard Methods for Amphibians. 1994.Smithsonian Institution. Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity: Standard Methods for Mammals. 1996. Smithsonian Institution. Development of Protocols to Inventory or Monitor Wildlife, Fish, or Rare Plants. 2006.U.S. Department of Agriculture. Manager’s Monitoring Manual. 2006. U.S. Geological Survey. http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/monmanualFilling the Gaps: Priority Data Needs and Key Management Challenges for National Reporting on Ecosystem Condition. 2006. H. John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics and the Environment.
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
11-10 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife 9/27/2006
SECTION 12
Appendices
Appendix A – Green Infrastructure Appendix B – Species of Greatest Conservation Need Appendix C – Species-Habitat Associations Appendix D – General Wildlife Habitat Maps Appendix E – Key Wildlife Habitat Maps Appendix F – Key Habitats/Development and Green
Infrastructure Maps Appendix G – Blackbird-Millington Corridor
Conservation Area Plan Appendix H – Existing/Planned Monitoring Programs
NOTE: The following appendices are available only on the supplementary Wildlife Action Plan CD: Appendix A, D, E, F, G, H
Appendix B
Species of GreatestConservation Need
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
9/29/2006 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Appendix B
Species of Greatest Conservation Need
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife 9/29/2006
Delaware Species of Greatest Conservation NeedTier 1 criteria: State Endangered; sensitive/significant DE populations; Federal Endangered or Threatened; global rank G1/T1 or G2/T2; NETC listing warranted; BCR 30 Highest tier; AFS endangered or threatenedTier 2 criteria: State rank S1, S2, SH, SX, (if not Tier 1); Federal Candidate; global rank G3/T3; NETC concern (if not Tier 1); BCR 30 High tier; AFS vulnerable; NMFS prohibited fishery
See Key on last page for explanation of Criteria factors and Cross Reference schemes
StateStatus
StateRank
Sensitive/Significant
DE PopulationsFederalStatus
GlobalRank
CITESApp I
CITESApp II
CITESApp III
IUCNCat
AFSStatus
ASMFCMgd
MAFMC Mgd
NMFSProhibited
TNCTarget
CRITERIA CROSS REFERENCE
Species BCR 30Tier
NETCListing
NETCConcern
NBCI Mgd
USSCPRegionalPriority
NAWMPPopulation
Goal %
NAWCPRisk
CategoryPIF 44Level
Tier 1BivalvesAlasmidonta heterodon dwarf wedgemussel E SH E G1G2 ENAlasmidonta undulata triangle floater SH restricted range G4Alasmidonta varicosa brook floater E SX G3 DDCrassostrea virginica American oyster regional rarity G5Lampsilis cariosa yellow lampmussel E SH G3G4 ENLampsilis radiata Eastern lampmussel E S1 G5Leptodea ochracea tidewater mucket E S1 G4 NTLigumia nasuta Eastern pondmussel E S1 G4G5 NTCrustaceansCallinectes sapidus blue crab keystone species
ArachnidsLimulus polyphemus horseshoe crab keystone species G?InsectsAutochton cellus gold-banded skipper SH regional rarity G4Callophrys hesseli Hessel's hairstreak E S1 G3G4Callophrys irus frosted elfin E S1 G3Catocala antinympha sweetfern underwing SH regional rarity G5Catocala carissima an underwing moth S1? disjunct G5Catocala lacrymosa tearful underwing S1S3 regional rarity G5Catocala marmorata marbled underwing SU regional rarity G3G4Catocala nebulosa clouded underwing S1 regional rarity G5Cicindela dorsalis media white tiger beetle E SU G4T4Cicindela lepida little white tiger beetle E S1 G4Cicindela patruela consentanea a tiger beetle SH G3T2T3Cicindela rufiventris a tiger beetle SU one occurrence G5Euphyes conspicua black dash S1 restricted range G4Exyra fax pitcher plant moth S1 regional rarity G4Gomphus fraternus midland clubtail S1 restricted range G5Hadena ectypa a noctuid moth SH regional rarity G3G4Hydrochus spangleri Seth Forest water scavenger beetl E SH G1Nannothemis bella elfin skimmer S1 regional rarity G4Nicrophorus americanus American burying beetle SX E G2G3 CRPapaipema appassionata pitcher plant borer moth SH regional rarity G4Papaipema duplicata dark stoneroot borer moth SH regional rarity G2G4Papaipema eupatorii eupatorium borer moth SH regional rarity G4Papaipema maritima maritime sunflower borer moth S1 regional rarity G4Photuris bethaniensis a firefly E S1 G1?Poanes massasoit mulberry wing E S1 G4Poanes massasoit chermocki Chermock's mulberry wing S1 G4T1Problema bulenta rare skipper E S1 G2G3Satyrium kingi King's hairstreak E S1 G3G4
FishesPristis pectinata smalltooth sawfish E G1G3 EN
9/29/2006 Page 1 of 11Species of Greatest Conservation Need Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
StateStatus
StateRank
Sensitive/Significant
DE PopulationsFederalStatus
GlobalRank
CITESApp I
CITESApp II
CITESApp III
IUCNCat
AFSStatus
ASMFCMgd
MAFMC Mgd
NMFSProhibited
TNCTarget
CRITERIA CROSS REFERENCE
Species BCR 30Tier
NETCListing
NETCConcern
NBCI Mgd
USSCPRegionalPriority
NAWMPPopulation
Goal %
NAWCPRisk
CategoryPIF 44Level
Tier 1FishesAcantharchus pomotis mud sunfish S2 G5Acipenser brevirostrum shortnose sturgeon S3N E G3 T VUAcipenser oxyrinchus Atlantic sturgeon E S2 C G3 CD NTCottus caeruleomentum Blueridge sculpin S1 one occurrence G4Ictalurus natalis yellow bullhead S3S4 restricted range G5Moxostoma macrolepidotum shorthead redhorse S1 one occurrence G5Notropis bifrenatus bridle shiner S1 regional rarity G5Notropis chalybaeus ironcolor shiner S1 regional rarity G4Percina peltata shield darter S1 one occurrence G5
AmphibiansAmbystoma tigrinum tigrinum tiger salamander E S1 G5Hyla gratiosa barking treefrog E S1 G5
ReptilesCaretta caretta loggerhead sea turtle E SNA T G3 ENCemophora coccinea scarlet snake SH regional rarity G5Chelonia mydas Atlantic green turtle E SNA T G3 ENClemmys guttata spotted turtle S3 collecting pressure G5 VUDermochelys coriacea leatherback sea turtle E SNA E G2 CRElaphe guttata corn snake E S1 G5Eumeces laticeps broadhead skink SH regional rarity G5Glyptemys muhlenbergii bog turtle E S1 T G3 ENLampropeltis triangulum milk snake S1 restricted range G5Lepidochelys kempii Kemp's Ridley sea turtle E SNA E G1 CRMalaclemys terrapin terrapin Northern diamondback terrapin S4 G4T4 NTNerodia erythrogaster plainbelly water snake S1 disjunct G5Terrapene carolina carolina Eastern box turtle S5 collecting pressure G5BirdsAccipiter cooperii Cooper's hawk E S1B G5Accipiter striatus sharp-shinned hawk SHB,S4N regional rarity G5Actitis macularia spotted sandpiper S1 regional rarity G5 Moderate 3Ammodramus caudacutus saltmarsh sharp-tailed sparrow S1N,S3B G4 Highest NT IAmmodramus henslowii Henslow's sparrow E SHB,S1N G4 Moderate IAmmodramus maritimus seaside sparrow S4B G4 Highest IAnas rubripes American black duck S4B,S4N G5 Highest 58Arenaria interpres ruddy turnstone S2N G5 Highest 4Asio flammeus short-eared owl E SHB,S2N G5 Moderate IAsio otus long-eared owl SHB,S1N regional rarity G5Bartramia longicauda upland sandpiper E SHB G5 4 IIaBranta canadensis Canada goose (migratory) S4B,S5N G5 Highest y 29, ResiButeo platypterus broad-winged hawk S1B regional rarity G5 High IIaCalidris alba sanderling S2N G5 Highest 4Calidris canutus red knot S2N one occurrence G5 Highest 5Catharus bicknelli Bicknell's thrush SNA one occurrence G4 VUCerthia americana brown creeper E S1B,S4N G5Charadrius melodus piping plover E S1B T G3 Highest VU 5Chordeiles minor common nighthawk S2B restricted range G5Circus cyaneus Northern harrier E S1B,S4N G5Cistothorus platensis sedge wren E S1B G5 Moderate IIaDendroica cerulea cerulean warbler E S1B G4 Moderate IDendroica discolor prairie warbler S4B G5 Highest I
9/29/2006 Page 2 of 11Species of Greatest Conservation Need Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
StateStatus
StateRank
Sensitive/Significant
DE PopulationsFederalStatus
GlobalRank
CITESApp I
CITESApp II
CITESApp III
IUCNCat
AFSStatus
ASMFCMgd
MAFMC Mgd
NMFSProhibited
TNCTarget
CRITERIA CROSS REFERENCE
Species BCR 30Tier
NETCListing
NETCConcern
NBCI Mgd
USSCPRegionalPriority
NAWMPPopulation
Goal %
NAWCPRisk
CategoryPIF 44Level
Tier 1BirdsHaematopus palliatus American oystercatcher E S1B G5 Highest 5Haliaeetus leucocephalus bald eagle E S2B,S3N T G4 ModerateHylocichla mustelina wood thrush S5B G5 Highest ILanius ludovicianus loggerhead shrike E SHB G4 Moderate IIcLaterallus jamaicensis black rail E S1B G4 High NT IIaLimnothlypis swainsonii Swainson's warbler E SHB G4 Moderate IMelanerpes erythrocephalus red-headed woodpecker E S1 G5 Moderate IMelospiza georgiana nigrescens Coastal Plain swamp sparrow S3B regional rarity G5T3Numenius phaeopus whimbrel SNA G5 Highest 5Nyctanassa violacea yellow-crowned night-heron E S1B G5 Moderate 3Nycticorax nycticorax black-crowned night-heron E S1B G5 Moderate 3Pandion haliaetus osprey S3B indicator species G5Parula americana Northern parula E S1B G5Podilymbus podiceps pied-billed grebe E S1B,S3N G5Puffinus lherminieri Audubon's shearwater SNA G4G5 Highest 5Rynchops niger black skimmer E S1B G5 High 4Scolopax minor American woodcock S4 G5 Highest 5 IIaSetophaga ruticilla American redstart S1B one occurrence G5Somateria mollissima common eider SNA G5 HighestSterna antillarum least tern E S1B E G4 High 4Sterna dougallii dougallii roseate tern SNA E G4T3 HighSterna forsteri Forster's tern E S1B G5 Moderate 3Sterna hirundo common tern E S1B G5 2Vermivora pinus blue-winged warbler S1B G5 Highest IWilsonia citrina hooded warbler E S1B G5MammalsBalaena glacialis Northern right whale SXB E G1 ENBalaenoptera borealis sei whale SNA E G3 ENBalaenoptera musculus blue whale SNA E G3G4 ENBalaenoptera physalus fin whale SNA E G3G4 ENMegaptera novaeangliae humpback whale SNA E G3 VUMyotis leibii Eastern small-footed myotis SU G3Phocoena phocoena harbor porpoise SNA G4G5Physeter catodon sperm whale SNA E G3G4 VUSciurus niger cinereus Delmarva fox squirrel E S1 E G5T3
9/29/2006 Page 3 of 11Species of Greatest Conservation Need Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
StateStatus
StateRank
Sensitive/Significant
DE PopulationsFederalStatus
GlobalRank
CITESApp I
CITESApp II
CITESApp III
IUCNCat
AFSStatus
ASMFCMgd
MAFMC Mgd
NMFSProhibited
TNCTarget
CRITERIA CROSS REFERENCE
Species BCR 30Tier
NETCListing
NETCConcern
NBCI Mgd
USSCPRegionalPriority
NAWMPPopulation
Goal %
NAWCPRisk
CategoryPIF 44Level
Tier 2GastropodsAnguispira alternata flamed tigersnail S1S2 G5Anguispira fergusoni Coastal Plain tigersnail S1? G4Carychium exiguum obese thorn S1 G5Discus catskillensis angular disc S1 G5Euconulus dentatus toothed hive S1? G4G5Gastrocopta armifera armed snaggletooth S1S2 G5Haplotrema concavum gray-foot lancetooth S1 G5Philomycus flexuolaris winding mantleslug S1 G4Pomatiopsis lapidaria slender walker S1 G5Punctum vitreum glass spot S1? G4G5Pupoides albilabris white-lip dagger S1 G5Stenotrema hirsutum hairy slitmouth S1 G5Triodopsis tridentata Northern threetooth S2 G5Ventridens intertextus pyramid dome S1 G5Vertigo pygmaea crested vertigo S1? G5Vertigo teskeyae swamp vertigo S1? G4Vertigo tridentata honey vertigo S2S3 G5Zonitoides nitidus black gloss S1? G5
BivalvesAnodonta implicata alewife floater S1 G5Elliptio fisheriana Northern lance S2 G4Strophitus undulatus creeper S1 G5
InsectsAcontia delecta a noctuid moth S1S3 G4?Acronicta connecta a noctuid moth SH G4Acronicta exilis exiled dagger moth S2? G4Acronicta increta a dagger moth SU G5Acronicta lithospila streaked dagger moth SH GNRAcronicta rubricoma a dagger moth SH G4Aeshna tuberculifera black-tipped darner S1 G4Aeshna verticalis green-striped darner S1 G5Agabetes acuductus a hydrophylid beetle SU GNRAgnorisma bollii a noctuid moth S1S3 G4?Agrius cingulata pink spotted hawkmoth SU GNRAmblyscirtes aesculapius lace-winged roadside-skipper SNR G3G4Amblyscirtes carolina Carolina roadside-skipper SNR G3G4Amorpha juglandis walnut sphinx SH G5Anacamptodes pergracilis cypress looper S1 GNRAnatrytone logan Delaware skipper SU G5Anax longipes comet darner S1 G5Archanara subflava a moth SU G4Archilestes grandis great spreadwing S2 G5Argia bipunctulata seepage dancer S1 G4Argia moesta powdered dancer SU G5Argia translata dusky dancer S1 G5Argyrostrotis quadrifilaris a noctuid moth SH G4Asterocampa celtis hackberry emperor SU G5Atlides halesus great purple hairstreak S1 G5Atrytonopsis hianna dusted skipper S1 G4G5Battus philenor pipevine swallowtail S2 G5
9/29/2006 Page 4 of 11Species of Greatest Conservation Need Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
StateStatus
StateRank
Sensitive/Significant
DE PopulationsFederalStatus
GlobalRank
CITESApp I
CITESApp II
CITESApp III
IUCNCat
AFSStatus
ASMFCMgd
MAFMC Mgd
NMFSProhibited
TNCTarget
CRITERIA CROSS REFERENCE
Species BCR 30Tier
NETCListing
NETCConcern
NBCI Mgd
USSCPRegionalPriority
NAWMPPopulation
Goal %
NAWCPRisk
CategoryPIF 44Level
Tier 2InsectsBellura gortynoides a moth SU G4Boloria bellona meadow fritillary SU G5Boloria selene silver-bordered fritillary S1 G5Boloria selene myrina myrina fritillary S1 G5T5Brachymesia gravida four-spotted pennant S1 G5Callophrys augustinus brown elfin SU G5Callophrys gryneus juniper hairstreak S2 G5Callophrys henrici Henry's elfin SU G5Calyptra canadensis Canadian owlet S1S2 GNRCaripeta aretaria a moth S1S3 G4Catocala alabamae Alabama underwing S1S2 G4Catocala cerogama yellow banded underwing SH G5Catocala flebilis mournful underwing S1S3 G5Catocala insolabilis inconsolable underwing SH GNRCatocala maestosa sad underwing SH GNRCatocala minuta little underwing SH G5Catocala palaeogama oldwife underwing SU G5Catocala parta mother underwing SH G5Catocala praeclara praeclara underwing S1S2 G5Catocala residua residua underwing S2? G5Catocala unijuga once-married underwing SH GNRCelithemis monomelaena black spotted skimmer S2 G5Celithemis ornata faded pennant S2 G5Celithemis verna double-ringed pennant S1 G5Ceratomia undulosa waved sphinx SH G5Cerura scitiscripta black-etched prominent SH G5Chloropteryx tepperaria angle winged emerald moth S2? G4Cicindela dorsalis Eastern beach tiger beetle SH G4Cicindela duodecimguttata a tiger beetle SU G5Cicindela formosa generosa a tiger beetle SU G5T5Cicindela hirticollis beach-dune tiger beetle S2 G5Cicindela marginata a tiger beetle S1 G5Cicindela patruela a tiger beetle SH G3Cicindela purpurea a tiger beetle SU G5Cicindela scutellaris a tiger beetle S1? G5Cicindela unipunctata a tiger beetle S2? G4Cirrhophanus triangulifer a noctuid moth S2S3 G4Cisthene kentuckiensis Kentucky lichen moth SH G4Cisthene tenuifascia a lichen moth SH G5Copivaleria grotei Grote's sallow SH G5Cordulegaster bilineata brown spiketail S2 G5Cordulegaster erronea tiger spiketail S2 G4Darapsa versicolor hydrangea sphinx S1S3 GNRDeidamia inscripta lettered sphinx SH G5Dolba hyloeus black alder or pawpaw sphinx SH G5Drasteria graphica a noctuid moth S1 G4Drasteria graphica atlantica Atlantic graphic moth S1 GNRDromogomphus spinosus black-shouldered spinyleg S2 G5Enallagma dubium burgundy bluet S1 G5Enallagma durum big bluet S2 G5
9/29/2006 Page 5 of 11Species of Greatest Conservation Need Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
StateStatus
StateRank
Sensitive/Significant
DE PopulationsFederalStatus
GlobalRank
CITESApp I
CITESApp II
CITESApp III
IUCNCat
AFSStatus
ASMFCMgd
MAFMC Mgd
NMFSProhibited
TNCTarget
CRITERIA CROSS REFERENCE
Species BCR 30Tier
NETCListing
NETCConcern
NBCI Mgd
USSCPRegionalPriority
NAWMPPopulation
Goal %
NAWCPRisk
CategoryPIF 44Level
Tier 2InsectsEnallagma pallidum pale bluet S1 G4Enallagma vesperum vesper bluet S2 G5Enallagma weewa blackwater bluet S2 G5Erynnis baptisiae wild indigo duskywing SU G5Erynnis brizo brizo sleepy dusky wing SU G5T5Erynnis icelus dreamy duskywing SU G5Erynnis martialis mottled duskywing SH G3G4Euphydryas phaeton Baltimore checkerspot S1 G4Euphyes dion dion skipper S1 G4Feniseca tarquinius harvester SU G4Gluphisia lintneri a notodontid moth SH G4Gomphaeschna antilope taper-tailed darner S1 G4Gomphaeschna furcillata harlequin darner S1 G5Gomphus apomyius banner clubtail S1 GNRGomphus plagiatus russet-tipped clubtail S2 G5Gomphus rogersi sable clubtail S1 G4Gomphus spiniceps arrow clubtail S1 G5Gomphus villosipes unicorn clubtail S2 G5Grammia phyllira phyllira tiger moth SH G4Haploa colona a moth SH G4Helocombus bifidus a water-scavenger beetle SU GNRHelocordulia selysii Selys' sundragon SH G4Hemileuca maia maia the buckmoth SU G5T5Hesperia metea cobweb skipper S1 G4G5Hesperia sassacus indian skipper SU G5Heterocampa astarte a notodontid moth SH G4G5Hoperius planatus a hydrophylid beetle S1 GNRIschnura kellicotti lilypad forktail S1 G5Lepipolys perscripta a moth SH G4Lestes eurinus amber-winged spreadwing S2 G4Leucorrhinia intacta dot-tailed whiteface SH G5Libellula auripennis golden-winged skimmer SU G5Libellula axilena bar-winged skimmer S1 G5Libellula deplanata blue corporal S2 G5Libellula flavida yellow-sided skimmer SH G5Libytheana carinenta American snout SH G5Lophocampa caryae an arctiid moth S1 GNRLucanus elephus giant stag beetle SH GNRLycaena hyllus bronze copper S2 G5Macrochilo louisiana a noctuid moth SU G4Macromia illinoiensis Illinois river cruiser S2 G5Macromia taeniolata royal river cruiser S1 G5Manduca jasminearum ash sphinx SH GNRManduca rustica a sphinx moth SU G5Megacephala virginica Virginia big-headed tiger beetle SU G5Melitara prodenialis a moth SH G4Nehalennia gracilis sphagnum sprite S1 G5Nehalennia integricollis Southern sprite S1 G5Nehalennia irene sedge sprite S1 G5Nigetia formosalis a noctuid moth S1S2 G4
9/29/2006 Page 6 of 11Species of Greatest Conservation Need Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
StateStatus
StateRank
Sensitive/Significant
DE PopulationsFederalStatus
GlobalRank
CITESApp I
CITESApp II
CITESApp III
IUCNCat
AFSStatus
ASMFCMgd
MAFMC Mgd
NMFSProhibited
TNCTarget
CRITERIA CROSS REFERENCE
Species BCR 30Tier
NETCListing
NETCConcern
NBCI Mgd
USSCPRegionalPriority
NAWMPPopulation
Goal %
NAWCPRisk
CategoryPIF 44Level
Tier 2InsectsOrgyia detrita a tussock moth S1 GNROstrocerca prolongata a stonefly SNR G3Paonias astylus huckleberry sphinx SH G4G5Papaipema araliae aralia shoot borer moth SH G3G4Papaipema astuta yellow stoneroot borer SH G3G4Papaipema baptisiae wild indigo borer moth SH G4Papaipema birdi umbellifer borer moth SH G5Papaipema circumlucens hop borer SH G4Papaipema furcata ash borer moth SU G4Papaipema lysimachiae loosestrife borer moth SU G4Papaipema pterisii bracken borer moth SH G5Papaipema rigida a noctuid moth SH G5Papaipema rutila mayapple borer moth SU G4Papaipema speciosissima osmunda borer moth SH G4Papaipema stenocelis chain fern borer moth S2? G4Parahypenodes quadralis a noctuid moth SU G4Parapamea buffaloensis a borer moth SH G4Paratrea plebeja trumpet vine sphinx SH G5Pero hubneraria a moth S1? GNRPero zalissaria a moth S1S3 G4Photuris frontalis a firefly S1 GNRPhoturis hebes a firefly S1S2 GNRPhoturis pensylvanica a firefly S2S3 GNRPhoturis pyralomimus a firefly S1S3 GNRPhoturis tremulans a firefly S1 GNRPoanes hobomok hobomok skipper SU G5Polygonia progne gray comma SH G5Pompeius verna little glassywing SU G5Pontia protodice checkered white SU G4Satyrium liparops striped hairstreak S1 G5Satyrium liparops strigosum striped hairstreak S1 G5T5Satyrodes eurydice eyed brown SH G4Schinia septentrionalis a noctuid moth SH GUSchinia spinosae a noctuid moth SH G4Schinia trifascia three-lined flower moth SH GNRSomatochlora filosa fine-lined emerald S2 G5Somatochlora provocans treetop emerald S1 G4Speyeria aphrodite aphrodite fritillary SH G5Speyeria idalia regal fritillary SX G3Sphinx chersis great ash sphinx SH G4G5Sphinx eremitus hermit sphinx S1 G4Sphinx franckii Franck's sphinx SH G4Stiriodes obtusa a moth S2S3 G4G5Stylogomphus albistylus least clubtail S2 G5Sympetrum ambiguum blue-faced meadowhawk S1 G5Sympetrum semicinctum band-winged meadowhawk S1 G5Synanthedon castaneae chestnut clearwing moth SX G3G5Tetragoneuria costalis stripe-winged baskettail S1 G4Tetragoneuria spinosa robust baskettail S1 G4Tolype notialis a lasiocampid moth SH GNR
9/29/2006 Page 7 of 11Species of Greatest Conservation Need Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
StateStatus
StateRank
Sensitive/Significant
DE PopulationsFederalStatus
GlobalRank
CITESApp I
CITESApp II
CITESApp III
IUCNCat
AFSStatus
ASMFCMgd
MAFMC Mgd
NMFSProhibited
TNCTarget
CRITERIA CROSS REFERENCE
Species BCR 30Tier
NETCListing
NETCConcern
NBCI Mgd
USSCPRegionalPriority
NAWMPPopulation
Goal %
NAWCPRisk
CategoryPIF 44Level
Tier 2InsectsXestia youngii a noctuid moth S1S2 G5Zale metata a noctuid moth S2S3 GNR
FishesLampetra aepyptera least brook lamprey S2 G5Lampetra appendix American brook lamprey S2 G4
FishesCarcharhinus obscurus dusky shark C G3 V NTCarcharodon carcharias white shark G? CDCetorhinus maximus basking shark G? V VUSquatina dumeril Atlantic angel shark G?FishesAlosa mediocris hickory shad S2 G5Apeltes quadracus fourspine stickleback S2 G5Enneacanthus chaetodon blackbanded sunfish S2 G4Enneacanthus obesus banded sunfish S2 G5Etheostoma vitreum glassy darter S1 G4G5Notropis amoenus comely shiner S2 G5Noturus insignis margined madtom S2 G5AmphibiansAmbystoma maculatum spotted salamander S2 G5Eurycea longicauda longtail salamander S1 G5Hemidactylium scutatum four-toed salamander S1 G5Hyla chrysoscelis Cope's gray treefrog S2 G5Pseudotriton montanus montanu mud salamander S1 G5Rana virgatipes carpenter frog S1 G5Scaphiopus holbrookii Eastern spadefoot S4 G5ReptilesAgkistrodon contortrix copperhead S1 G5Eretmochelys imbricata imbricat hawksbill SNA G3Heterodon platirhinos Eastern hognose snake S4 G5Lampropeltis getula common kingsnake S2S3 G5Opheodrys aestivus rough green snake S2 G5Pituophis melanoleucus melanol pine snake SNA G4Pseudemys rubriventris redbelly turtle S5 G5Regina septemvittata queen snake S1 G5Scincella lateralis ground skink S1 G5Storeria occipitomaculata redbelly snake S1 G5Thamnophis sauritus sauritus Eastern ribbon snake S2 G5Virginia valeriae smooth earth snake S1 G5BirdsAmmodramus savannarum grasshopper sparrow S3B G5 Moderate IIcAnas clypeata Northern shoveler SHB,S4N G5 159Anas platyrhynchos mallard S5B,S5N G5 High 118Ardea herodias great blue heron S2B G5 1Aythya affinis lesser scaup S4N G5 High 55Aythya americana redhead S2N G5 157Aythya marila greater scaup S4N G5 High 55Aythya valisineria canvasback S2N G5 High 127Bonasa umbellus ruffed grouse SX G5Botaurus lentiginosus American bittern S1B G4 High
9/29/2006 Page 8 of 11Species of Greatest Conservation Need Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
StateStatus
StateRank
Sensitive/Significant
DE PopulationsFederalStatus
GlobalRank
CITESApp I
CITESApp II
CITESApp III
IUCNCat
AFSStatus
ASMFCMgd
MAFMC Mgd
NMFSProhibited
TNCTarget
CRITERIA CROSS REFERENCE
Species BCR 30Tier
NETCListing
NETCConcern
NBCI Mgd
USSCPRegionalPriority
NAWMPPopulation
Goal %
NAWCPRisk
CategoryPIF 44Level
Tier 2BirdsBranta bernicla brant S4N G5 High 98Bubulcus ibis cattle egret S1B G5 1Bucephala albeola bufflehead S4N G5 HighButeo lineatus red-shouldered hawk S2B,S3N G5Calidris alpina dunlin S3N G5 High 3Calidris fuscicollis white-rumped sandpiper SNA G5 High 3Calidris maritima purple sandpiper S1N G5 High 3Calidris pusilla semipalmated sandpiper S3N G5 High 4Caprimulgus vociferus whip-poor-will S4B G5 High IIaCasmerodius albus great egret S1B G5 1Catharus fuscescens veery S2B G5Catoptrophorus semipalmatus willet S4B G5 High 4Chaetura pelagica chimney swift S5B G5 High IIaCharadrius wilsonia Wilson's plover SNA G5 High 4Chlidonias niger black tern SNA G4 Moderate 3Cistothorus palustris marsh wren S4B G5 High IIaClangula hyemalis oldsquaw S3N G5 HighCoccyzus erythropthalmus black-billed cuckoo S1B G5 IIaColaptes auratus Northern flicker S5 G5 High IIaColinus virginianus Northern bobwhite S4 G5 High IIaCoragyps atratus black vulture S2B G5Coturnicops noveboracensis yellow rail SNA G4 HighCygnus columbianus tundra swan S3N G5 High 103Dendroica dominica yellow-throated warbler S2B G5Dendroica pensylvanica chestnut-sided warbler S1B G5Dolichonyx oryzivorus bobolink SU G5Egretta caerulea little blue heron S1B G5 High 4Egretta thula snowy egret S1B G5 High 4Egretta tricolor tricolored heron S1B G5 High 4Empidonax minimus least flycatcher SHB G5Empidonax traillii willow flycatcher S3B G5 High IFalco peregrinus peregrine falcon S1N G4Fulica americana American coot S1B G5 ModerateGavia stellata red-throated loon SNA G5 HighHelmitheros vermivorus worm-eating warbler S3B G5 High IHimantopus mexicanus black-necked stilt S2B G5Icteria virens yellow-breasted chat S3B G5Icterus galbula Baltimore oriole S4B G5 High IIaIxobrychus exilis least bittern S1B G5 ModerateLarus marinus great black-backed gull S1B,S5N G5 1Larus minutus little gull SNA G5 High 4Limnodromus griseus short-billed dowitcher SNA G5 High 3Limosa fedoa marbled godwit SNA G5 High 4Limosa haemastica Hudsonian godwit SNA G4 High 4Lophodytes cucullatus hooded merganser S1B,S4N G5 ModerateMelanitta fusca white-winged scoter S3N G5 HighMelanitta nigra black scoter S3N G5 HighMelanitta perspicillata surf scoter S5N G5 HighMniotilta varia black-and-white warbler S3B G5 High IIaMyiarchus crinitus great crested flycatcher S5B G5 High IIa
9/29/2006 Page 9 of 11Species of Greatest Conservation Need Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
StateStatus
StateRank
Sensitive/Significant
DE PopulationsFederalStatus
GlobalRank
CITESApp I
CITESApp II
CITESApp III
IUCNCat
AFSStatus
ASMFCMgd
MAFMC Mgd
NMFSProhibited
TNCTarget
CRITERIA CROSS REFERENCE
Species BCR 30Tier
NETCListing
NETCConcern
NBCI Mgd
USSCPRegionalPriority
NAWMPPopulation
Goal %
NAWCPRisk
CategoryPIF 44Level
Tier 2BirdsOporornis formosus Kentucky warbler S3B G5 High IPasserculus sandwichensis savannah sparrow SHB, S4N G5Pelecanus erythrorhynchos American white pelican SNA G3 3Pelecanus occidentalis brown pelican S1N G4 Moderate 3Petrochelidon pyrrhonota cliff swallow S1B G5Phalacrocorax auritus double-crested cormorant S1B G5 1Phalacrocorax carbo great cormorant S2N G5 Moderate 3Phalaropus lobatus red-necked phalarope SNA G4G5 High 3Phalaropus tricolor Wilson's phalarope SNA G5 High 3Pipilo erythrophthalmus Eastern towhee S5B G5 High IIaPiranga olivacea scarlet tanager S4B G5 High IIaPlegadis falcinellus glossy ibis S1B G5 2Pluvialis dominica American golden-plover SNA G5 High 4Pluvialis squatarola black-bellied plover S4N G5 High 3Podiceps auritus horned grebe SNA G5 HighPooecetes gramineus vesper sparrow S3B G5Porzana carolina sora S2 G5Protonotaria citrea prothonotary warbler S4B G5 High IPuffinus gravis greater shearwater SNA G5 High 4Rallus elegans king rail S2 G4G5 Moderate IIaRhodostethia rosea Ross' gull SNA G3G4 4Riparia riparia bank swallow S2B G5Seiurus motacilla Louisiana waterthrush S3B G5 High IIaSitta pusilla brown-headed nuthatch S2 G5 Moderate IIaSpizella pusilla field sparrow S4 G5 High IIaSterna anaethetus bridled tern SNA G5 High 4Sterna nilotica gull-billed tern SHB,S2N G5 High 4Sterna paradisaea Arctic tern SNA G5 High 4Strix varia barred owl S2 G5Toxostoma rufum brown thrasher S4B G5 High IIaTringa melanoleuca greater yellowlegs SNA G5 High 4Tringa solitaria solitary sandpiper SNA G5 High 3Tryngites subruficollis buff-breasted sandpiper SNA G4 High NT 4Tyrannus tyrannus Eastern kingbird S5B G5 High IIaTyto alba barn owl S3 G5Vermivora chrysoptera golden-winged warbler SNA G4 ModerateVireo flavifrons yellow-throated vireo S3B G5 High IIaVireo gilvus warbling vireo S2B G5Wilsonia canadensis Canada warbler SNA G5 ModerateMammalsCanis latrans coyote SU G5Cryptotis parva least shrew SNR G5Lasionycteris noctivagans silver-haired bat SU G5Lasiurus borealis Eastern red bat SU G5Lasiurus cinereus hoary bat SU G5Myotis septentrionalis Northern myotis SU G4Nycticeius humeralis evening bat SU G5Sorex fontinalis Maryland shrew SU G4Q
9/29/2006 Page 10 of 11Species of Greatest Conservation Need Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
State Status: E = species listed as Endangered in DEState Rank: S1 = species that are extremely rare in DE; S2 = very rare in DE; S3 = rare to uncommon in DE; S4 = apparently secure in DE; S5 = demonstrably secure in DE; SU = status uncertain in DE but of conservation concern; SH = known historically in DE; SX = extirpated from DE; SNR = not yet ranked in DE; SNA = occurrences in DE of limited conservation value; _B = breeding status; _N = nonbreeding statusSensitive/Significant DE populations: other factors that lead to increased conservation concern in DEFederal Status: E = species listed as endangered in the US; T = listed as threatened in the US; C = candidate for listing in the USGlobal Rank: G1/T1 = species/subspecies that are extremely rare rangewide; G2/T2 = very rare rangewide; G3/T3 = rare to uncommon rangewide; G4/T4 = apparently secure rangewide; G5/T5 = demonstrably secure rangewideNETC (Northeast Endangered Species and Wildlife Diversity Technical Committee) Listing = northeastern species warranting consideration as Federal Endangered or ThreatenedNETC Concern: northeastern species of regional conservation concernBCR 30: conservation tier in Bird Conservation Region 30 (Mid-Atlantic)AFS (American Fisheries Society) Status: fish species that are E = endangered; T = threatened; V = vulnerable; CD = conservation dependentNMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) prohibited: species for which fishing is prohibited by NMFS
Key
CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) App I: species for which all trade is prohibited except by permitCITES App II: species for which all trade is controlledCITES App III: species for which trade is controlled in some countriesIUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) Cat: Category CR = critically endangered; EN = endangered; VU = vulnerable; NT = near threatened; DD = data deficientASMFC (Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission) Mgd: fish species with an ASMFC Interstate Fishery Management PlanMAFMC (Mid-Atlantic Fisheries Management Council) Mgd: fish species with a MAFMC Fishery Management PlanNBCI (Northern Bobwhite Conservation Initiative) Mgd: managed according to the Northern Bobwhite Conservation InitiativeUSSCP (US Shorebird Conservation Plan) Reg Priority: regional shorebird species that are 5 = highly imperiled; 4 = species of high concern; 3 = species of moderate concern; 2 = species of low concern; 1 = species not at riskNAWMP (North American Waterfowl Management Plan) Managed: waterfowl species managed under the NAWMPNAWCP (North American Waterbird Conservation Plan) Category: waterbird species that are 1 = highly imperiled; 2 = high concern; 3 = moderate concern; 4 = low concern; 5 = not currently at riskPIF (Partners in Flight) 44 Tier: bird species in Physiographic Area 44 (Mid-Atlantic) that are I = high continental importance; II = high regional priority; IIa = high regional concern; IIb = high regional responsibility; IIc = high regional threatsTNC (The Nature Conservancy) Target = species targeted for conservation in TNC Ecoregional Plans
Criteria
Cross Reference
9/29/2006 Page 11 of 11Species of Greatest Conservation Need Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Appendix C
Species-HabitatAssociations
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
9/29/2006 Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Appendix C
Species-Habitat Associations
Delaware Wildlife Action Plan
Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife 9/29/2006
Habitat Associations of Delaware Species of Greatest Conservation NeedHabitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3GastropodsAnguispira alternata flamed tigersnail Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland ForestsAnguispira fergusoni Coastal Plain tigersnail Tier 2undeterminedCarychium exiguum obese thorn Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested WetlandsDiscus catskillensis angular disc Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsEuconulus dentatus toothed hive Tier 2undeterminedGastrocopta armifera armed snaggletooth Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland ForestsHaplotrema concavum gray-foot lancetooth Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland ForestsPhilomycus flexuolaris winding mantleslug Tier 2undeterminedPomatiopsis lapidaria slender walker Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested WetlandsPunctum vitreum glass spot Tier 2undeterminedPupoides albilabris white-lip dagger Tier 2undeterminedStenotrema hirsutum hairy slitmouth Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland ForestsTriodopsis tridentata Northern threetooth Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland ForestsVentridens intertextus pyramid dome Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland ForestsVertigo pygmaea crested vertigo Tier 2undeterminedVertigo teskeyae swamp vertigo Tier 2undeterminedVertigo tridentata honey vertigo Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested WetlandsZonitoides nitidus black gloss Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands
BivalvesAlasmidonta heterodon dwarf wedgemussel Tier 1Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsAlasmidonta undulata triangle floater Tier 1Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsAlasmidonta varicosa brook floater Tier 1Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Piedmont StreamsAnodonta implicata alewife floater Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain Streams
Ponds, Lakes & ReservoirsCrassostrea virginica American oyster Tier 1undetermined
9/29/2006 Page 1 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Habitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3BivalvesElliptio fisheriana Northern lance Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain Streams
Ponds, Lakes & ReservoirsLampsilis cariosa yellow lampmussel Tier 1Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsLampsilis radiata Eastern lampmussel Tier 1Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsLeptodea ochracea tidewater mucket Tier 1Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain Streams
Ponds, Lakes & ReservoirsLigumia nasuta Eastern pondmussel Tier 1Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain Streams
Ponds, Lakes & ReservoirsStrophitus undulatus creeper Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain Streams
CrustaceansCallinectes sapidus blue crab Tier 1Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore Habitats
ArachnidsLimulus polyphemus horseshoe crab Tier 1Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore Habitats
InsectsAcontia delecta a noctuid moth Tier 2Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low Marshes
Tidal High MarshesAcronicta connecta a noctuid moth Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Shrub Swamps
Piedmont Stream Valley WetlandsTidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal Scrub-Shrub WetlandsAcronicta exilis exiled dagger moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsAcronicta increta a dagger moth Tier 2undeterminedAcronicta lithospila streaked dagger moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsAcronicta rubricoma a dagger moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Shrub/brush Upland HabitatsAeshna tuberculifera black-tipped darner Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal Ponds
Streamside Herbaceous WetlandsAeshna verticalis green-striped darner Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal Ponds
Streamside Herbaceous WetlandsAgabetes acuductus a hydrophylid beetle Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Isolated Forested WetlandsAgnorisma bollii a noctuid moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland ForestsAgrius cingulata pink spotted hawkmoth Tier 2undeterminedAmblyscirtes aesculapius lace-winged roadside-skipper Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
9/29/2006 Page 2 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Habitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3InsectsAmblyscirtes carolina Carolina roadside-skipper Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsAmorpha juglandis walnut sphinx Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested WetlandsUpland Habitats Upland ForestsAnacamptodes pergracilis cypress looper Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsAnatrytone logan Delaware skipper Tier 2undeterminedAnax longipes comet darner Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal PondsArchanara subflava a moth Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Streamside Herbaceous WetlandsArchilestes grandis great spreadwing Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsArgia bipunctulata seepage dancer Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
Non-forested Wetlands Peat WetlandsArgia moesta powdered dancer Tier 2undeterminedArgia translata dusky dancer Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Piedmont Streams
Ponds, Lakes & ReservoirsArgyrostrotis quadrifilaris a noctuid moth Tier 2undeterminedAsterocampa celtis hackberry emperor Tier 2undeterminedAtlides halesus great purple hairstreak Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Shrub SwampsTidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal Scrub-Shrub WetlandsAtrytonopsis hianna dusted skipper Tier 2Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Upland Habitats
Shrub/brush Upland HabitatsAutochton cellus gold-banded skipper Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested WetlandsBattus philenor pipevine swallowtail Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsBellura gortynoides a moth Tier 2undeterminedBoloria bellona meadow fritillary Tier 2Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Upland HabitatsBoloria selene silver-bordered fritillary Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Piedmont Stream Valley WetlandsBoloria selene myrina myrina fritillary Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Piedmont Stream Valley WetlandsBrachymesia gravida four-spotted pennant Tier 2Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low Marshes
Tidal High MarshesCallophrys augustinus brown elfin Tier 2undeterminedCallophrys gryneus juniper hairstreak Tier 2Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Shrub/brush Upland Habitats
9/29/2006 Page 3 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Habitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3InsectsCallophrys henrici Henry's elfin Tier 2undeterminedCallophrys hesseli Hessel's hairstreak Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsCallophrys irus frosted elfin Tier 1Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland Forests
Early Successional Upland HabitatsCalyptra canadensis Canadian owlet Tier 2Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland HabitatsCaripeta aretaria a moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune Forests & Woodlands
Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsCatocala alabamae Alabama underwing Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland ForestsCatocala antinympha sweetfern underwing Tier 1Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsCatocala carissima an underwing moth Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsCatocala cerogama yellow banded underwing Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsCatocala flebilis mournful underwing Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsCatocala insolabilis inconsolable underwing Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland ForestsCatocala lacrymosa tearful underwing Tier 1Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsCatocala maestosa sad underwing Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland ForestsCatocala marmorata marbled underwing Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsCatocala minuta little underwing Tier 2undeterminedCatocala nebulosa clouded underwing Tier 1Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland ForestsCatocala palaeogama oldwife underwing Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland ForestsCatocala parta mother underwing Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested WetlandsCatocala praeclara praeclara underwing Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsCatocala residua residua underwing Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsCatocala unijuga once-married underwing Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsCelithemis monomelaena black spotted skimmer Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Ponds, Lakes & ReservoirsOther Habitats Sand/Gravel PitsCelithemis ornata faded pennant Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain Streams
Ponds, Lakes & Reservoirs
9/29/2006 Page 4 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Habitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3InsectsCelithemis verna double-ringed pennant Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal PondsOther Habitats Sand/Gravel PitsCeratomia undulosa waved sphinx Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested WetlandsCerura scitiscripta black-etched prominent Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested WetlandsUpland Habitats Upland ForestsChloropteryx tepperaria angle winged emerald moth Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsCicindela dorsalis Eastern beach tiger beetle Tier 2Upland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune GrasslandsCicindela dorsalis media white tiger beetle Tier 1Upland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Unvegetated Sandy BeachCicindela duodecimguttata a tiger beetle Tier 2undeterminedCicindela formosa generosa a tiger beetle Tier 2undeterminedCicindela hirticollis beach-dune tiger beetle Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Interdunal WetlandsUpland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune Shrublands
Dune GrasslandsUnvegetated Sandy Beach
Cicindela lepida little white tiger beetle Tier 1Upland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune Shrublands
Dune GrasslandsUnvegetated Sandy Beach
Cicindela marginata a tiger beetle Tier 2Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesCicindela patruela a tiger beetle Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsCicindela patruela consentanea a tiger beetle Tier 1Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsCicindela purpurea a tiger beetle Tier 2undeterminedCicindela rufiventris a tiger beetle Tier 1Other Habitats Sand/Gravel PitsCicindela scutellaris a tiger beetle Tier 2Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland HabitatsOther Habitats Sand/Gravel PitsCicindela unipunctata a tiger beetle Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsCirrhophanus triangulifer a noctuid moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland HabitatsCisthene kentuckiensis Kentucky lichen moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsCisthene tenuifascia a lichen moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsCopivaleria grotei Grote's sallow Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested WetlandsUpland Habitats Upland Forests
9/29/2006 Page 5 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Habitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3InsectsCordulegaster bilineata brown spiketail Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsNon-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Piedmont Stream Valley WetlandsCordulegaster erronea tiger spiketail Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Piedmont Stream Valley WetlandsDarapsa versicolor hydrangea sphinx Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands
Shrub SwampsDeidamia inscripta lettered sphinx Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland ForestsDolba hyloeus black alder or pawpaw sphinx Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsDrasteria graphica a noctuid moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Beach & Dune HabitatsDrasteria graphica atlantica Atlantic graphic moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune ShrublandsDromogomphus spinosus black-shouldered spinyleg Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain Streams
Ponds, Lakes & ReservoirsEnallagma dubium burgundy bluet Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsNon-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal PondsEnallagma durum big bluet Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsNon-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal PondsEnallagma pallidum pale bluet Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsNon-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal PondsEnallagma vesperum vesper bluet Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal PondsEnallagma weewa blackwater bluet Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsNon-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsErynnis baptisiae wild indigo duskywing Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsErynnis brizo brizo sleepy dusky wing Tier 2undeterminedErynnis icelus dreamy duskywing Tier 2undeterminedErynnis martialis mottled duskywing Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsEuphydryas phaeton Baltimore checkerspot Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Piedmont Stream Valley WetlandsEuphyes conspicua black dash Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Piedmont Stream Valley Wetlands
Streamside Herbaceous WetlandsEuphyes dion dion skipper Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal Ponds
Piedmont Stream Valley WetlandsStreamside Herbaceous Wetlands
9/29/2006 Page 6 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Habitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3InsectsExyra fax pitcher plant moth Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
Non-forested Wetlands Peat WetlandsFeniseca tarquinius harvester Tier 2undeterminedGluphisia lintneri a notodontid moth Tier 2undeterminedGomphaeschna antilope taper-tailed darner Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal PondsPeat Wetlands
Gomphaeschna furcillata harlequin darner Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsGomphus apomyius banner clubtail Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsGomphus fraternus midland clubtail Tier 1Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsGomphus plagiatus russet-tipped clubtail Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsGomphus rogersi sable clubtail Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsGomphus spiniceps arrow clubtail Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Piedmont StreamsGomphus villosipes unicorn clubtail Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsNon-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal PondsGrammia phyllira phyllira tiger moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsHadena ectypa a noctuid moth Tier 1Upland Habitats Upland ForestsHaploa colona a moth Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsHelocombus bifidus a water-scavenger beetle Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Isolated Forested WetlandsHelocordulia selysii Selys' sundragon Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsHemileuca maia maia the buckmoth Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsHesperia metea cobweb skipper Tier 2undeterminedHesperia sassacus indian skipper Tier 2undeterminedHeterocampa astarte a notodontid moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Beach & Dune HabitatsHoperius planatus a hydrophylid beetle Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Isolated Forested WetlandsHydrochus spangleri Seth Forest water scavenger beetle Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Isolated Forested WetlandsIschnura kellicotti lilypad forktail Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Riverine Aquatic & Submerged VegetationLepipolys perscripta a moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland Forests
9/29/2006 Page 7 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Habitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3InsectsLestes eurinus amber-winged spreadwing Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal PondsLeucorrhinia intacta dot-tailed whiteface Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Ponds, Lakes & ReservoirsNon-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal PondsLibellula auripennis golden-winged skimmer Tier 2undeterminedLibellula axilena bar-winged skimmer Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal PondsTidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal MarshesLibellula deplanata blue corporal Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Ponds, Lakes & ReservoirsNon-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal PondsLibellula flavida yellow-sided skimmer Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Piedmont Stream Valley WetlandsLibytheana carinenta American snout Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsLophocampa caryae an arctiid moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland ForestsLucanus elephus giant stag beetle Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland ForestsLycaena hyllus bronze copper Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Streamside Herbaceous WetlandsTidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal MarshesMacrochilo louisiana a noctuid moth Tier 2undeterminedMacromia illinoiensis Illinois river cruiser Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Piedmont StreamsMacromia taeniolata royal river cruiser Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsManduca jasminearum ash sphinx Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsTidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal Scrub-Shrub WetlandsManduca rustica a sphinx moth Tier 2undeterminedMegacephala virginica Virginia big-headed tiger beetle Tier 2undeterminedMelitara prodenialis a moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune Forests & Woodlands
Dune GrasslandsNannothemis bella elfin skimmer Tier 1Tidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal MarshesNehalennia gracilis sphagnum sprite Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
Non-forested Wetlands Peat WetlandsNehalennia integricollis Southern sprite Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsNehalennia irene sedge sprite Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal PondsNicrophorus americanus American burying beetle Tier 1Upland Habitats Upland Forests
Early Successional Upland Habitats
9/29/2006 Page 8 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Habitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3InsectsNigetia formosalis a noctuid moth Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsOrgyia detrita a tussock moth Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsOstrocerca prolongata a stonefly Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Piedmont StreamsPaonias astylus huckleberry sphinx Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested WetlandsUpland Habitats Upland ForestsPapaipema appassionata pitcher plant borer moth Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
Non-forested Wetlands Peat WetlandsPapaipema araliae aralia shoot borer moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsPapaipema astuta yellow stoneroot borer Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland ForestsPapaipema baptisiae wild indigo borer moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsPapaipema birdi umbellifer borer moth Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Shrub SwampsTidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal Marshes
Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal High MarshesPapaipema circumlucens hop borer Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsUpland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland ForestsPapaipema duplicata dark stoneroot borer moth Tier 1Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland ForestsPapaipema eupatorii eupatorium borer moth Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Piedmont Stream Valley Wetlands
Streamside Herbaceous WetlandsPapaipema furcata ash borer moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland ForestsPapaipema lysimachiae loosestrife borer moth Tier 2undeterminedPapaipema maritima maritime sunflower borer moth Tier 1Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland HabitatsPapaipema pterisii bracken borer moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland ForestsPapaipema rigida a noctuid moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Upland HabitatsPapaipema rutila mayapple borer moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland ForestsPapaipema speciosissima osmunda borer moth Tier 2undeterminedPapaipema stenocelis chain fern borer moth Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
Isolated Forested WetlandsNon-forested Wetlands Peat Wetlands
Tidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal Scrub-Shrub WetlandsParahypenodes quadralis a noctuid moth Tier 2undetermined
9/29/2006 Page 9 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Habitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3InsectsParapamea buffaloensis a borer moth Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
Non-forested Wetlands Piedmont Stream Valley WetlandsParatrea plebeja trumpet vine sphinx Tier 2Upland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune Forests & Woodlands
Early Successional Upland Habitats Shrub/brush Upland HabitatsPero hubneraria a moth Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested WetlandsPero zalissaria a moth Tier 2Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low Marshes
Tidal High MarshesPhoturis bethaniensis a firefly Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Interdunal WetlandsPhoturis frontalis a firefly Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsPhoturis hebes a firefly Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsPhoturis pensylvanica a firefly Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsPhoturis pyralomimus a firefly Tier 2Upland HabitatsPhoturis tremulans a firefly Tier 2Upland HabitatsPoanes hobomok hobomok skipper Tier 2undeterminedPoanes massasoit mulberry wing Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal Ponds
Piedmont Stream Valley WetlandsStreamside Herbaceous Wetlands
Poanes massasoit chermocki Chermock's mulberry wing Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Streamside Herbaceous WetlandsTidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal MarshesPolygonia progne gray comma Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsPompeius verna little glassywing Tier 2undeterminedPontia protodice checkered white Tier 2undeterminedProblema bulenta rare skipper Tier 1Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low Marshes
Tidal High MarshesSatyrium kingi King's hairstreak Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsSatyrium liparops striped hairstreak Tier 2Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Shrub/brush Upland HabitatsSatyrium liparops strigosum striped hairstreak Tier 2Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Shrub/brush Upland HabitatsSatyrodes eurydice eyed brown Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Piedmont Stream Valley Wetlands
Streamside Herbaceous WetlandsSchinia septentrionalis a noctuid moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats
9/29/2006 Page 10 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Habitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3InsectsSchinia spinosae a noctuid moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune Shrublands
Dune GrasslandsSchinia trifascia three-lined flower moth Tier 2undeterminedSomatochlora filosa fine-lined emerald Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsSomatochlora provocans treetop emerald Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsSpeyeria aphrodite aphrodite fritillary Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Early Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Upland HabitatsShrub/brush Upland Habitats
Speyeria idalia regal fritillary Tier 2Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Upland Habitats
Shrub/brush Upland HabitatsSphinx chersis great ash sphinx Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested WetlandsSphinx eremitus hermit sphinx Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested WetlandsSphinx franckii Franck's sphinx Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested WetlandsUpland Habitats Upland ForestsStiriodes obtusa a moth Tier 2undeterminedStylogomphus albistylus least clubtail Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Piedmont StreamsSympetrum ambiguum blue-faced meadowhawk Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal PondsSympetrum semicinctum band-winged meadowhawk Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal Ponds
Piedmont Stream Valley WetlandsStreamside Herbaceous Wetlands
Synanthedon castaneae chestnut clearwing moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland ForestsTetragoneuria costalis stripe-winged baskettail Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsNon-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal PondsTetragoneuria spinosa robust baskettail Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsTolype notialis a lasiocampid moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune Forests & Woodlands
Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsXestia youngii a noctuid moth Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
Non-forested Wetlands Peat WetlandsZale metata a noctuid moth Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland Forests
FishesLampetra aepyptera least brook lamprey Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsLampetra appendix American brook lamprey Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain Streams
9/29/2006 Page 11 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Habitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3FishesCarcharhinus obscurus dusky shark Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore Habitats
Offshore HabitatsCarcharodon carcharias white shark Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore Habitats
Offshore HabitatsCetorhinus maximus basking shark Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore Habitats
Offshore HabitatsPristis pectinata smalltooth sawfish Tier 1Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsSquatina dumeril Atlantic angel shark Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore Habitats
FishesAcantharchus pomotis mud sunfish Tier 1Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain Streams
Ponds, Lakes & ReservoirsAcipenser brevirostrum shortnose sturgeon Tier 1Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsBrackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsAcipenser oxyrinchus Atlantic sturgeon Tier 1Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsBrackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsAlosa mediocris hickory shad Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsBrackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsApeltes quadracus fourspine stickleback Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsBrackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsCottus caeruleomentum Blueridge sculpin Tier 1Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsEnneacanthus chaetodon blackbanded sunfish Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain Streams
Ponds, Lakes & ReservoirsEnneacanthus obesus banded sunfish Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain Streams
Ponds, Lakes & ReservoirsEtheostoma vitreum glassy darter Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsIctalurus natalis yellow bullhead Tier 1Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsMoxostoma macrolepidotum shorthead redhorse Tier 1Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsNotropis amoenus comely shiner Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsNotropis bifrenatus bridle shiner Tier 1Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsNotropis chalybaeus ironcolor shiner Tier 1Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsNoturus insignis margined madtom Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Piedmont Streams
Coastal Plain Streams
9/29/2006 Page 12 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Habitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3FishesPercina peltata shield darter Tier 1Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain Streams
AmphibiansAmbystoma maculatum spotted salamander Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal PondsAmbystoma tigrinum tigrinum tiger salamander Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal PondsEurycea longicauda longtail salamander Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
Non-forested Wetlands Piedmont Stream Valley WetlandsHemidactylium scutatum four-toed salamander Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
Isolated Forested WetlandsNon-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal Ponds
Hyla chrysoscelis Cope's gray treefrog Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal PondsHyla gratiosa barking treefrog Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal PondsPseudotriton montanus montanus mud salamander Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsRana virgatipes carpenter frog Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
Isolated Forested WetlandsScaphiopus holbrookii Eastern spadefoot Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal PondsOther Habitats Sand/Gravel Pits
ReptilesAgkistrodon contortrix copperhead Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsUpland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsCaretta caretta loggerhead sea turtle Tier 1Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsCemophora coccinea scarlet snake Tier 1Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsChelonia mydas Atlantic green turtle Tier 1Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsClemmys guttata spotted turtle Tier 1Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Ponds, Lakes & ReservoirsNon-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
Isolated Forested WetlandsNon-forested Wetlands Shrub Swamps
Coastal Plain Seasonal PondsTidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal MarshesDermochelys coriacea leatherback sea turtle Tier 1Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Offshore HabitatsElaphe guttata corn snake Tier 1Upland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune Forests & Woodlands
Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsEretmochelys imbricata imbricata hawksbill Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsEumeces laticeps broadhead skink Tier 1Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland Forests
9/29/2006 Page 13 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Habitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3ReptilesGlyptemys muhlenbergii bog turtle Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Piedmont Stream Valley WetlandsHeterodon platirhinos Eastern hognose snake Tier 2Upland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune Forests & Woodlands
Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsLampropeltis getula common kingsnake Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsLampropeltis triangulum milk snake Tier 1Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsEarly Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Upland Habitats
Shrub/brush Upland HabitatsLepidochelys kempii Kemp's Ridley sea turtle Tier 1Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsMalaclemys terrapin terrapin Northern diamondback terrapin Tier 1Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesUpland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune GrasslandsNerodia erythrogaster plainbelly water snake Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsOpheodrys aestivus rough green snake Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
Isolated Forested WetlandsPituophis melanoleucus melanoleuc pine snake Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsPseudemys rubriventris redbelly turtle Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain Streams
Ponds, Lakes & ReservoirsRegina septemvittata queen snake Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Piedmont Streams
Coastal Plain StreamsNon-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Piedmont Stream Valley Wetlands
Streamside Herbaceous WetlandsScincella lateralis ground skink Tier 2Upland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune Forests & Woodlands
Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsStoreria occipitomaculata redbelly snake Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsTerrapene carolina carolina Eastern box turtle Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsUpland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsEarly Successional Upland Habitats
Thamnophis sauritus sauritus Eastern ribbon snake Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
Isolated Forested WetlandsNon-forested Wetlands Coastal Plain Seasonal Ponds
Piedmont Stream Valley WetlandsStreamside Herbaceous Wetlands
Virginia valeriae smooth earth snake Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland Forests
BirdsAccipiter cooperii Cooper's hawk Tier 1Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland Forests
9/29/2006 Page 14 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Habitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3BirdsAccipiter striatus sharp-shinned hawk Tier 1Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland ForestsActitis macularia spotted sandpiper Tier 1Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Piedmont Streams
Coastal Plain StreamsPonds, Lakes & Reservoirs
Other Habitats ImpoundmentsAmmodramus caudacutus saltmarsh sharp-tailed sparrow Tier 1Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low Marshes
Tidal High MarshesAmmodramus henslowii Henslow's sparrow Tier 1Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Upland Habitats
Shrub/brush Upland HabitatsAmmodramus maritimus seaside sparrow Tier 1Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low Marshes
Tidal High MarshesAmmodramus savannarum grasshopper sparrow Tier 2Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Upland HabitatsAnas clypeata Northern shoveler Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Ponds, Lakes & ReservoirsOther Habitats ImpoundmentsAnas platyrhynchos mallard Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain Streams
Ponds, Lakes & ReservoirsTidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal Marshes
Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesOther Habitats ImpoundmentsAnas rubripes American black duck Tier 1Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low Marshes
Tidal High MarshesOther Habitats ImpoundmentsArdea herodias great blue heron Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
Isolated Forested WetlandsTidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal Marshes
Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesTidal High Marshes
Arenaria interpres ruddy turnstone Tier 1Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesUpland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Unvegetated Sandy BeachAsio flammeus short-eared owl Tier 1Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low Marshes
Tidal High MarshesUpland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Upland HabitatsAsio otus long-eared owl Tier 1Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsAythya affinis lesser scaup Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsOther Habitats ImpoundmentsAythya americana redhead Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore Habitats
9/29/2006 Page 15 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Habitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3BirdsAythya marila greater scaup Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsOther Habitats ImpoundmentsAythya valisineria canvasback Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsOther Habitats ImpoundmentsBartramia longicauda upland sandpiper Tier 1Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Upland HabitatsBonasa umbellus ruffed grouse Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland ForestsBotaurus lentiginosus American bittern Tier 2Tidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal Marshes
Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal High MarshesBranta bernicla brant Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsBranta canadensis Canada goose (migratory) Tier 1Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsTidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesUpland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Upland HabitatsOther Habitats ImpoundmentsBubulcus ibis cattle egret Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsTidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal Marshes
Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesTidal High Marshes
Bucephala albeola bufflehead Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsOther Habitats ImpoundmentsButeo lineatus red-shouldered hawk Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
Isolated Forested WetlandsButeo platypterus broad-winged hawk Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsUpland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsCalidris alba sanderling Tier 1Upland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Unvegetated Sandy BeachCalidris alpina dunlin Tier 2Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesUpland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Unvegetated Sandy BeachOther Habitats ImpoundmentsCalidris canutus red knot Tier 1Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesUpland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Unvegetated Sandy BeachCalidris fuscicollis white-rumped sandpiper Tier 2Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands
Tidal Low MarshesOther Habitats ImpoundmentsCalidris maritima purple sandpiper Tier 2Upland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune Grasslands
Unvegetated Sandy Beach
9/29/2006 Page 16 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Habitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3BirdsCalidris pusilla semipalmated sandpiper Tier 2Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesUpland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Unvegetated Sandy BeachOther Habitats ImpoundmentsCaprimulgus vociferus whip-poor-will Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Isolated Forested WetlandsUpland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsCasmerodius albus great egret Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsTidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal Marshes
Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesTidal High Marshes
Catharus bicknelli Bicknell's thrush Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsUpland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland ForestsCatharus fuscescens veery Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsUpland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland ForestsCatoptrophorus semipalmatus willet Tier 2Upland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Unvegetated Sandy BeachTidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesOther Habitats ImpoundmentsCerthia americana brown creeper Tier 1Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsChaetura pelagica chimney swift Tier 2Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland HabitatsOther Habitats StructuresCharadrius melodus piping plover Tier 1Upland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune Grasslands
Unvegetated Sandy BeachCharadrius wilsonia Wilson's plover Tier 2Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesUpland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune Grasslands
Unvegetated Sandy BeachOther Habitats ImpoundmentsChlidonias niger black tern Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsTidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal WetlandsChordeiles minor common nighthawk Tier 1Upland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune Forests & Woodlands
Dune ShrublandsDune Grasslands
Early Successional Upland Habitats Shrub/brush Upland HabitatsOther Habitats StructuresCircus cyaneus Northern harrier Tier 1Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low Marshes
Tidal High MarshesUpland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Upland HabitatsCistothorus palustris marsh wren Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Streamside Herbaceous WetlandsTidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low Marshes
Tidal High Marshes
9/29/2006 Page 17 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Habitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3BirdsCistothorus platensis sedge wren Tier 1Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal High MarshesClangula hyemalis oldsquaw Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsCoccyzus erythropthalmus black-billed cuckoo Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsEarly Successional Upland Habitats Shrub/brush Upland Habitats
Colaptes auratus Northern flicker Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsEarly Successional Upland Habitats
Colinus virginianus Northern bobwhite Tier 2Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Upland Habitats
Shrub/brush Upland HabitatsCoragyps atratus black vulture Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsEarly Successional Upland Habitats
Other Habitats StructuresCoturnicops noveboracensis yellow rail Tier 2Tidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal Marshes
Saltwater & Brackish Tidal WetlandsCygnus columbianus tundra swan Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsUpland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Upland HabitatsOther Habitats ImpoundmentsDendroica cerulea cerulean warbler Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsUpland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland ForestsDendroica discolor prairie warbler Tier 1Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Shrub/brush Upland HabitatsDendroica dominica yellow-throated warbler Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
Isolated Forested WetlandsUpland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsDendroica pensylvanica chestnut-sided warbler Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Early Successional Upland Habitats Shrub/brush Upland HabitatsDolichonyx oryzivorus bobolink Tier 2Tidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal MarshesUpland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Upland HabitatsEgretta caerulea little blue heron Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsTidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal Marshes
Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesTidal High Marshes
Egretta thula snowy egret Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsTidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal Marshes
Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesTidal High Marshes
9/29/2006 Page 18 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Habitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3BirdsEgretta tricolor tricolored heron Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsTidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal Marshes
Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesTidal High Marshes
Empidonax minimus least flycatcher Tier 2Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Shrub/brush Upland HabitatsEmpidonax traillii willow flycatcher Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Non-forested Wetlands Shrub SwampsFalco peregrinus peregrine falcon Tier 2Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesUpland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Unvegetated Sandy BeachOther Habitats StructuresFulica americana American coot Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Ponds, Lakes & ReservoirsTidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low Marshes
Tidal High MarshesOther Habitats ImpoundmentsGavia stellata red-throated loon Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsHaematopus palliatus American oystercatcher Tier 1Upland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune Grasslands
Unvegetated Sandy BeachHaliaeetus leucocephalus bald eagle Tier 1Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsHelmitheros vermivorus worm-eating warbler Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsHimantopus mexicanus black-necked stilt Tier 2Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesOther Habitats ImpoundmentsHylocichla mustelina wood thrush Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsUpland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsIcteria virens yellow-breasted chat Tier 2Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Shrub/brush Upland HabitatsIcterus galbula Baltimore oriole Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsUpland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsIxobrychus exilis least bittern Tier 2Tidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal Marshes
Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal High MarshesLanius ludovicianus loggerhead shrike Tier 1Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Upland Habitats
Shrub/brush Upland HabitatsLarus marinus great black-backed gull Tier 2Upland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune ShrublandsLarus minutus little gull Tier 2undeterminedLaterallus jamaicensis black rail Tier 1Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal High Marshes
9/29/2006 Page 19 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Habitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3BirdsLimnodromus griseus short-billed dowitcher Tier 2Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesOther Habitats ImpoundmentsLimnothlypis swainsonii Swainson's warbler Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsLimosa fedoa marbled godwit Tier 2Other Habitats ImpoundmentsundeterminedLimosa haemastica Hudsonian godwit Tier 2Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands
Tidal Low MarshesUpland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Unvegetated Sandy BeachOther Habitats ImpoundmentsLophodytes cucullatus hooded merganser Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain Streams
Ponds, Lakes & ReservoirsOther Habitats ImpoundmentsMelanerpes erythrocephalus red-headed woodpecker Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
Isolated Forested WetlandsUpland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsMelanitta fusca white-winged scoter Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsMelanitta nigra black scoter Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsMelanitta perspicillata surf scoter Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsMelospiza georgiana nigrescens Coastal Plain swamp sparrow Tier 1Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal High MarshesMniotilta varia black-and-white warbler Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsMyiarchus crinitus great crested flycatcher Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsNumenius phaeopus whimbrel Tier 1Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low Marshes
Tidal High MarshesUpland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Unvegetated Sandy BeachNyctanassa violacea yellow-crowned night-heron Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsTidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal Marshes
Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesTidal High Marshes
Nycticorax nycticorax black-crowned night-heron Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsTidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal Marshes
Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesTidal High Marshes
Oporornis formosus Kentucky warbler Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsUpland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland Forests
9/29/2006 Page 20 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Habitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3BirdsPandion haliaetus osprey Tier 1Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Ponds, Lakes & ReservoirsBrackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsTidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal Marshes
Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesTidal High Marshes
Other Habitats ImpoundmentsParula americana Northern parula Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsUpland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland ForestsPasserculus sandwichensis savannah sparrow Tier 2Upland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune Grasslands
Early Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Upland HabitatsPelecanus erythrorhynchos American white pelican Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsTidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal WetlandsPelecanus occidentalis brown pelican Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsTidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesPetrochelidon pyrrhonota cliff swallow Tier 2Other Habitats StructuresPhalacrocorax auritus double-crested cormorant Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsTidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesPhalacrocorax carbo great cormorant Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsTidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesPhalaropus lobatus red-necked phalarope Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsOther Habitats ImpoundmentsPhalaropus tricolor Wilson's phalarope Tier 2Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsOther Habitats ImpoundmentsPipilo erythrophthalmus Eastern towhee Tier 2Upland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune Shrublands
Upland Forests Piedmont Upland ForestsCoastal Plain Upland Forests
Early Successional Upland Habitats Shrub/brush Upland HabitatsPiranga olivacea scarlet tanager Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsUpland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsPlegadis falcinellus glossy ibis Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsTidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesUpland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Upland HabitatsPluvialis dominica American golden-plover Tier 2Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesUpland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Unvegetated Sandy Beach
Early Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Upland HabitatsOther Habitats Impoundments
9/29/2006 Page 21 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Habitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3BirdsPluvialis squatarola black-bellied plover Tier 2Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesUpland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Unvegetated Sandy Beach
Early Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Upland HabitatsOther Habitats ImpoundmentsPodiceps auritus horned grebe Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Ponds, Lakes & ReservoirsBrackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsOther Habitats ImpoundmentsPodilymbus podiceps pied-billed grebe Tier 1Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Ponds, Lakes & ReservoirsTidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal Marshes
Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesOther Habitats ImpoundmentsPooecetes gramineus vesper sparrow Tier 2Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Upland HabitatsPorzana carolina sora Tier 2Tidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal Marshes
Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal High MarshesProtonotaria citrea prothonotary warbler Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
Isolated Forested WetlandsPuffinus gravis greater shearwater Tier 2undeterminedPuffinus lherminieri Audubon's shearwater Tier 1undeterminedRallus elegans king rail Tier 2Tidal Wetland Habitats Freshwater Tidal Wetlands Freshwater Tidal Marshes
Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesRhodostethia rosea Ross' gull Tier 2undeterminedRiparia riparia bank swallow Tier 2Other Habitats Sand/Gravel PitsRynchops niger black skimmer Tier 1Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesUpland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune Grasslands
Unvegetated Sandy BeachScolopax minor American woodcock Tier 1Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Shrub/brush Upland HabitatsSeiurus motacilla Louisiana waterthrush Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsSetophaga ruticilla American redstart Tier 1Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsSitta pusilla brown-headed nuthatch Tier 2Upland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune Forests & Woodlands
Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsSomateria mollissima common eider Tier 1Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsSpizella pusilla field sparrow Tier 2Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Upland Habitats
Shrub/brush Upland HabitatsSterna anaethetus bridled tern Tier 2undetermined
9/29/2006 Page 22 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Habitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3BirdsSterna antillarum least tern Tier 1Upland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune Grasslands
Unvegetated Sandy BeachSterna dougallii dougallii roseate tern Tier 1Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Offshore HabitatsSterna forsteri Forster's tern Tier 1Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesSterna hirundo common tern Tier 1Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesUpland Habitats Beach & Dune Habitats Dune Grasslands
Unvegetated Sandy BeachSterna nilotica gull-billed tern Tier 2Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low MarshesSterna paradisaea Arctic tern Tier 2undeterminedStrix varia barred owl Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
Isolated Forested WetlandsUpland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsToxostoma rufum brown thrasher Tier 2Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Shrub/brush Upland HabitatsTringa melanoleuca greater yellowlegs Tier 2Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands
Tidal Low MarshesTidal High Marshes
Other Habitats ImpoundmentsTringa solitaria solitary sandpiper Tier 2Freshwater Aquatic Habitats Coastal Plain StreamsOther Habitats ImpoundmentsTryngites subruficollis buff-breasted sandpiper Tier 2Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Herbaceous Upland HabitatsTyrannus tyrannus Eastern kingbird Tier 2Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Shrub/brush Upland HabitatsTyto alba barn owl Tier 2Tidal Wetland Habitats Saltwater & Brackish Tidal Wetlands Tidal Low Marshes
Tidal High MarshesVermivora chrysoptera golden-winged warbler Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsUpland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland ForestsVermivora pinus blue-winged warbler Tier 1Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland ForestsVireo flavifrons yellow-throated vireo Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsUpland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsVireo gilvus warbling vireo Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsWilsonia canadensis Canada warbler Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsUpland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland Forests
9/29/2006 Page 23 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife
Habitat Level 1 Habitat Level 2 Habitat Level 3BirdsWilsonia citrina hooded warbler Tier 1Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland Forests
MammalsBalaena glacialis Northern right whale Tier 1Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Offshore HabitatsBalaenoptera borealis sei whale Tier 1Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Offshore HabitatsBalaenoptera musculus blue whale Tier 1Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Offshore HabitatsBalaenoptera physalus fin whale Tier 1Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Offshore HabitatsCanis latrans coyote Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsCryptotis parva least shrew Tier 2Upland Habitats Early Successional Upland Habitats Shrub/brush Upland HabitatsLasionycteris noctivagans silver-haired bat Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsUpland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsLasiurus borealis Eastern red bat Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsLasiurus cinereus hoary bat Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland Forests
Coastal Plain Upland ForestsMegaptera novaeangliae humpback whale Tier 1Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Offshore HabitatsMyotis leibii Eastern small-footed myotis Tier 1Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland ForestsMyotis septentrionalis Northern myotis Tier 2Upland Habitats Upland Forests Piedmont Upland ForestsNycticeius humeralis evening bat Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian SwampsPhocoena phocoena harbor porpoise Tier 1Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Nearshore HabitatsPhyseter catodon sperm whale Tier 1Brackish & Marine Aquatic Habitats Offshore HabitatsSciurus niger cinereus Delmarva fox squirrel Tier 1Upland Habitats Upland Forests Coastal Plain Upland ForestsSorex fontinalis Maryland shrew Tier 2Non-tidal Wetland Habitats Forested Wetlands Forested Floodplains & Riparian Swamps
9/29/2006 Page 24 of 24Habitat Associations of SGCN Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife