Megaproject, exclusion and Governance On the edge of debate

Delphine

PhD Candidate

Department of Human Geography and Urban Planning

Faculty of Geosciences- Utrecht University

d.delphine@uu.nl

Case Study

TANGERANG MUNICIPALITY • A= 184,23 km2

• Pop= 1,4 million (2000)

• Cisadane River:

The Motive to re-develop • ENVIRONMENTAL REASONS

• Flood

• ECONOMIC REASONS • Hindrance the economic activities

• 1007 people fight

• Why oppose: • Since 17th century (no

land certificate due to politic)

• They pay taxes • Unofficial taxes victim • Historic place • Etc..etc..

Conflict w/ Chinese Benteng

upcoming re-development

project

Previous Lesson

Anggota Satpol PP menangkap warga saat bentrok dalam penggusuran di Kampung Cina Benteng, Neglasari, Tangerang, Banten, Selasa, 13 April 2010. Ribuan Satpol PP berunjuk rasa menuntut kejelasan status kepegawaian mereka.© Arie Basuki /Tempo (https://beritagar.id/artikel/berita/kenapa-satpol-pp-minta-diangkat-pns )

Warga Cina Benteng menghalangi alat berat yang hendak meruntuhkan tempat tinggal mereka dengan tidur di jalan saat Pemkot Tangerang menertibkan rumah di bantaran sungai Cisadane. (Foto: MI/ Gino) http://news.metrotvnews.com/read/2015/08/25/424342/ahok-cina-benteng-beda-dengan-kampung-pulo

Why China Benteng is important to City History? • Tangerang city has no distinguish culture; “it is

highly influenced by Cina Benteng culture” (Oey Tjin Eng, 2015)

• Cina – Chinese ; Benteng – Fort/castle • 1407 Sanghyang Anggalarang (head of the area)

married 9 Chinese women brought by Ship through Cisadane River under Captain Tjen Tjie Lung/Halung. And the rest men from the ship lived in the area and married with local people. Mixed family created since then

• 1683- Dutch Colonial build the fort to fight with Banten Imperial/Kingdom

• 1740 – mass murder by Dutch colony under Jendral Andriaan Valckenier killed 10.000 Chinese, after this mass murder, Ducth colony build new village that became one of Tangerang first history

• 1946 – NICA army (Nederlandsch Indië Civil Administratie) conflict made them move to Jakarta, then after the conflict ended, they were back to their land

• Re-development of Tangerang city area- Kota Pusaka project

Conflict w/ Chinese Benteng

upcoming re-development

project

Urban Heritage Tourism – Kota Pusaka to gain more economic benefits (Tourism spot)

• Non-Ragawi

• Ragawi

The Development Scenario

• 1st year (2015) – proposal to identify which urban heritage taken into account

• 2nd year Assessment, Strategic development area, Masterplan, DED

• 3rd year Integrated program, implementation, stakeholder discussion, Evaluation

• 4th year Integrated program, implementation, stakeholder discussion, Evaluation

Existing condition

Question

• could taking the value of local people into development strategy really minimize the opposition/rejection/protest of particular project??

(Initial) Framework • Time

Dimension

• Spatial Dimension

• How governance arrangement will influence the way people see Megaproject

Theoretical approaches • Megaprojects (Flyvbjerg et al, 2003)

• Blue print is always good

• Megaproject as displacement (Gellert and Lynch, 2003)

• Urban Political Ecology (Swyngedouw et.al 2003) • Why? Because Lehtonen (2014) said the

evaluation of social should be done as political interaction

• Spatial Justice (Soja, 2009)

• Sense of Place (Relph, 1997)

Socialize the Social Is it really working?

d.delphine@uu.nl