Post on 17-Dec-2015
transcript
Demographic, Health and Socio-economic Effects of HIV and AIDS
Presentation Objectives
By the end of this session you should be able to:
•describe the demographic and health effects of the pandemic;
•describe the socio-economic impact of the pandemic.
Lower Life Expectancy
• In heavily affected countries death rates are substantially higher with AIDS.
• In eastern and southern Africa, crude death rates are 50% to 500% higher.
• Average life expectancy has dropped to below age 40 in eight African countries.– In 2002 life expectancy in Botswana is 33.9
years, by 2010, it is expected to fall to 26.7 years.
• Under 5 mortality rates are substantially higher– ¾ of child deaths in Botswana are AIDS
related.
Slower Population Growth
• While populations continue to grow, the growth is much less than it would be without AIDS.
• Some countries will experience zero or negative growth rates by 2010.
• AIDS deaths are altering the age structures of many countries.
• In countries with 15% prevalence, AIDS will eventually kill 1/3 of current 15 year olds.
• High population losses among women in their 20s and 30s and men in their 40s and 50s.
Impact on Health Sector
• Pressure on health budgets• Other health problems relegated to lesser
importance• Toll on healthcare workers
– Lusaka, 1991: 44% of nurses tested positive for HIV
• Increased hospitalizations resulting in bed shortage
• Declining quality of care
Macroeconomic Impact
• Negative and potentially substantial impact on GDP.
• AIDS discourages foreign and domestic investors.
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Business, Labor, and Income • HIV affects people of prime working age.• Businesses suffer increased operating
costs, decreased productivity, and declining markets.
• AIDS disrupts rural agricultural production– FAO estimates that 23 million
agricultural workers will die between 1985 and 2020 in 25 African countries.
Impact on Education• In Kenya, it is estimated that the number of
teacher deaths tripled between 1995 and 1999, the largest contributor thought to be HIV/AIDS (Kelly, 2000).
• The estimated HIV prevalence is 7% with about 2.9million people affected. It is estimated that some 16, 450 teachers are infected with the virus.
• The provision of quality education is being affected by HIV/AIDS particularly through increased teacher absenteeism and loss of learning time.
• Replacing chronically-sick teachers with relief/substitute teachers is problematic given the freeze on the national teacher wage bill.
• Community support and resources for schooling are declining.
• According to projections, Kenya could lose 1.8% of its teachers annually unless deliberate interventions are put in place.
Impact on Households
• Impoverishment– Income loss– Additional care-related expenses– Funeral costs
• Family dissolution• Children removed from school• Reduced food consumption
Families and Communities • AIDS erodes household
socioeconomic well being– Income drops as health
expenses increase• AIDS threatens social
cohesion of families and communities.
• Stigma and discrimination further marginalize affected families and orphans.
Children Affected by AIDS
• Lack food, medical care, and money for school fees.
• Lack protection from neglect and abuse.• Bear the responsibility for caring for ill
family members; often thrust upon girls.• Are further marginalized by stigma and
discrimination. • These factors increase their own
vulnerability to HIV.
Governance and Public Service
• Countries lose hard to replace civil servants.• Government revenues decline and costs rise.
– In half the countries in SSA, annual per capita growth is declining by 0.5 to 1.2 %.
• Demand for social services increase– AIDS contributes to rising poverty and
greater social welfare needs.