Post on 10-Mar-2018
transcript
0
5
10
15
20
25
1830 1860 1880 1900
Great Britain
Germany
France
United States
Share of World Production of Four Countries During the Industrial Revolution
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1
2
3
4
5
6
1830 1850 1870 1890 1910
London
Berlin
Paris
New York
Population Growth of Four Major Cities During the Industrial Revolution
Dominated World Production until 1880 GREAT BRITAIN
Dominated World Production after 1880 UNITED STATES
DEMOGRAPHICS of the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
What might explain the change in world production between these two nations?
Great Britain (Island) -vs- U.S. (Continent) = Greater Resources
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5
10
15
20
25
1830 1860 1880 1900
Great Britain
Germany
France
United States
Share of World Production of Four Countries During the Industrial Revolution
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1830 1850 1870 1890 1910
London
Berlin
Paris
New York
Population Growth of Four Major Cities During the Industrial Revolution
BOTH INCREASED How were the changes in Industrial Production and Urban Population similar from 1830-1900?
DEMOGRAPHICS of the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
What might explain the sudden population growth in cities during this period?
Cities = Factory Centers = New Jobs = Migration = Urban Growth
33%
16%2%5%3%
32%
5% 4% Manufacturing
Mercantile
Domestic
Professional
Transport
Agriculture
Construction
Mining
41%
20%
7%
6%
2%
19%
4% 1% Manufacturing
Mercantile
Domestic
Professional
Transport
Agriculture
Construction
Mining
47%
26%
8%
11%2% 4% 2%
Manufacturing
Mercantile
Domestic
Professional
Transport
Agriculture
Construction
DEMOGRAPHICS of the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Breakdown of Occupations for British Population in 1831
Breakdown of Occupations for British Population in 1861
Breakdown of Occupations for British Population in 1891
Two Occupations with the Largest Growth between 1831 - 1891
Manufacturing & Mercantile
Two Occupations with the Greatest Decline between 1831 - 1891
Agriculture and Mining
People moved to Cities =
How were these changes connected to Industrial Growth
Increased Manufacturing =
More Goods to Sell
People leaving Country = Decline in Farming
DEMOGRAPHICS of the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
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100
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350
1840 1860 1880 1900
Great Britain
Germany
France
United States
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2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
1840 1860 1880 1900
Great Britain
Germany
France
United States
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80
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120
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1840 1860 1880 1900
Great Britain
Germany
France
United States
Coal Production of Four Countries During the
Industrial Revolution
Production of Iron in Five Countries During the
Industrial Revolution
Development of Railroads in Four Countries During the
Industrial Revolution
How was the Production of Coal, Iron, and Railroads Interconnected?
Coal is needed to make the Iron
Iron is needed to build the RR
Railroads are need to Transport
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Why did England Lead the Industrial Movement?
LARGE
EXTENSIVE
EXPANDING
GROWING
ADVANTAGE
SUCCESSFUL
POPULATION OF WORKERS
NATURAL RESOURCES (Due to Colonies)
ECONOMIC SUPPORT (Entrepreneurs)
OVERSEAS TRADE & PROSPERITY
POLITICAL STABILITY (No Conflicts)
POWERFUL MILITARY (Army & Navy)
England Controlled all Three Factors of Production
LAND LABOR CAPITOL (Wealth) Critical Thinking: Why did the United States and Germany Lag behind England?
INTERNAL CONFLICTS U.S. – Revolution & Civil War Germany – War for Unification
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION NEW INVENTIONS REVOLUTIONIZE THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY
1733
1764
1769
1779
1787
1793
Doubled the Daily
Output
Worked Eight
Threads at Once
Harnessed Water
Power
Made Stronger
Threads
Speeds up the
Weaving Process
Increased Cotton
Production
FLYING SHUTTLE
SPINNING JENNY
WATER FRAME
SPINNING MULE
POWER LOOM
COTTON GIN
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
INVENTIONS REVOLUTIONIZE MINING & TRANSPORTATION
1705
1765
1804
1807
1825
Improved Mining
Operations
Watts Improved on
Previous Invention
Trevithick (British)
Developed
Fulton Developed
in the U.S.
First Britain &
Then the U.S.
STEAM PUMPS
STEAM ENGINE
LOCOMOTIVE
STEAM SHIPS
RAILROADS
Eventually many Textile Machines were
housed in one large building Called: FACTORIES
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION HOW DID THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION CHANGE PEOPLE’S LIVES?
The Rise of Cities was called: URBANIZATION
Factory Clusters became known as: INDUSTRIAL CENTERS
LARGEST CITIES IN ENGLAND IN THE U.S.
LONDON
LIVING CONDITIONS WORKING CONDITIONS
LACKED:
CAUSED:
SPREAD:
CAUSED:
LONG:
EMPLOYED:
FREQUENT:
POOR:
ADEQUATE HOUSING
OVERCROWDING
SICKNESS
EPIDEMICS WOMEN & CHILDREN
ACCIDENTS
WORK CONDITIONS
WORKING HOURS
This family living near a factory in Chicago includes Mother and Father and 7 children. The whole family lives in a one-room shack in shanty town. The younger kids all sleep in the same bed. Mom, Dad, and older sister sleep on blankets on the floor. Everyone has two pairs of clothes (one to wear, while the other is being washed). All the kids get one good meal a day, even if Mom and Dad have to go without. Tim (10), George (8), and Bob (7) all work in the factory. Sister Sara (16) and Mother work different shifts at the local sweatshop so that they can care for the little one: Lara (3) and Lisa (2). Little Billy (5) works with Dad as a Chimney Sweep (being lowered into the chimney to scrap off soot). The stove is used for cooking or heat only if they can scrape together wood or coal.
Child Labor during the Industrial Revolution
A family living in worker’s quarters near the Tifton Cotton Mill. The four smallest children were not working yet. The mother said she earns $4.50 a week and all the working children earn $3.50 a week. Her husband died last year and left her with 11 children. Two of them went off and got married. The family left the farm two years ago to work in the mill. Most of the children wear the hand-me-downs of the older ones. Only Mom and the oldest children have shoes. One meal a day and a single bed are their only luxuries.
Tifton, Georgia.
Child Labor during the Industrial Revolution
Furman Owens, 12 years old. Can't read. Doesn't know his A,B,C's. Said, "Yes I want to learn but can't when I work all the time." Been in the mills 4 years, 3 years in the Olympia Mill.
Columbia, South Carolina.
One of the spinners in Whitnel Cotton Mill. She was 11years old and 51 inches high. Has been in the mill one year. Sometimes works at night. Runs 4 sides - 48 cents a day. When asked how old she was, she hesitated, then said, "I don't remember," then added confidentially, "I'm not old enough to work, but do just the same.“
Whitnel, North Carolina.
Child Labor during the Industrial Revolution
Jo Bodeon, a back-roper in the mule room at Chace Cotton Mill. His mother showed me the family Bible indicating his date of birth as July 15, 1894. 10 years old now, he has been in the factory two years and occasionally works nights.
Burlington, Vermont.
The overseer at the Newberry Cotton Mill said apologetically, "She just happened in." She has been working steadily for at least a year. No idea how old she is. The mills seem full of youngsters who "just happened in" or "are helping sister."
Newberry, South Carolina.
Child Labor during the Industrial Revolution
The Breaker boys of the Hughestown Pennsylvania (Range from 8-11 yrs old). They work from 7 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. daily driving mine cars. The dust is so dense at times as to obscure their view and it also penetrates the utmost recesses of the boys' lungs. A kind of slave-driver sometimes stands over the boys, kicking & prodding them into obedience.
Pittston, Pennsylvania.
Harley Bruce is a young coupling-boy at Indian Mine. He appears to be 10 years old and says he has been working there about 2 years. It is hard and dangerous work. One of his friends died in a recent cave-in.
Near Jellico, Tennessee.
Child Labor during the Industrial Revolution
Young cigar makers in Engelhardt & Co. The three boys looked under 12 years old. They say they’ve been working off and on for the last three years. Labor leaders told me in busy times many small boys and girls were employed. Most of the youngsters smoke cigars while they work.
Tampa, Florida.
Rob Kidd, one of the young workers in Wheaton Glass Works. 11 years old now, but has been in the glass works two years and often works nights.
Millville, New Jersey.
Child Labor during the Industrial Revolution
Oyster shuckers working in a canning factory. All but the very smallest babies work. They began work at 3:30 a.m. and were expected to work until 5 p.m. The 6 year old girl in the center was working with her mother and brothers . Her mother said she is "a real help to me."
Dunbar, Louisiana.
Manuel is a young shrimp picker, age 5. A mountain of oyster shells behind him seems to grow larger every day. He has been working at least a year and doesn’t understand English. He doesn’t have any shoes and works about 16 hours a day.
Biloxi, Mississippi.
Child Labor during the Industrial Revolution
Camille Carmo, age 7, and Justine, age 9. The older girl has been picking berries for three years. Their Mother said they pick about 6-7 baskets a day. "And I don't make them pick; they volunteered to help on their own."
Rochester, Mass.
Twelve-year-old Tom Lahnert topping beets. The father, mother, and two boys (9 and 12 yrs.) expect to make $700 in about 2 months time in the beet work. "The boys can keep up with me all right, and all day long," the father said. Begin at 6 a.m. and work until 6 p.m. with an hour off at noon.
Fort Collins, Colorado.
Child Labor during the Industrial Revolution
According to Dr. Ward from Manchester; “When I was a surgeon for the factory, accidents were often admitted to the infirmary because the children’s hands and arms had been caught in the machinery. In many cases the muscles and skin had been stripped down to the bone. In some instances, fingers, hands, and even legs have been lost or required amputation. Of 106 child laborers, 47 have been injured.
Child Labor during the Industrial Revolution
A girl named Mary Richards, who was not quite ten years of age, attended a drawing frame, below which, and about a foot from the floor, was a horizontal shaft, by which the frames above were turned. It happened one evening, that her apron was caught by the shaft. In an instant the poor girl was drawn into the machine and dashed on the floor. She uttered the most heart-rending shrieks! Witnesses saw her whirled round and round by the shaft and heard the bones of her arms, legs, thighs, etc. successively snapped and crushed, seemingly, to atoms, as the machinery whirled her round, and drew her body tighter and tighter within the works. As she flailed helplessly, her blood was scattered over the frame and streamed upon the floor. At last, her mangled body was jammed in so fast, between the shafts and the floor, that it stopped the main shaft. When she was extricated, every bone was found broken and her head dreadfully crushed. Eventually, her body was removed and carried off quite lifeless. Within an hour, another girl was assigned to work the same machine.
Child Labor during the Industrial Revolution