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Under Guidance of , Presented by,
Prof. Dr. Anand
Kishore,(H.O.D)
Dr. Abhay Singh.
(B.D.S)
Ashish kr. Vishwakarma,
Ayodhya Ojha,
Bharat Gautam.(Intern)
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Dental Auxillary
Definition: A Dental auxillary is a person who is
given responsibility by a dentist so that he or she
can help the dentist render dental care, but who is
not himself or herself qualified with a dentaldegree
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Classification by WHO (1967)
1. Non-operating auxiliariesa) Clinical : this is a person who assists the
professional (dentist) in his clinical work
but does carry out any independent
procedures in the oral cavity.b) Laboratory : this is a person who assists the
professional by carrying out certain technical
laboratory procedures.
2. Operating auxiliary:This is a person who, not being professional is
permitted to carry out certain treatment procedures in
the mouth under direction and supervision of a
professional.
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Revised classification
1. Non-operating auxiliaries: Dental surgery assistant.
Dental secretary/receptionist.
Dental laboratory technician. Dental health educator.
2. Operating auxiliaries: School dental nurse.
Dental therapist. Dental hygienist.
Expanded function dental auxiliaries.
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DENTAL SURGERYASSISTANTA dental assistant is a non-operating auxiliary who assists the
dentist or dental hygienist in treating patients, but who is not
legally permitted to treat patient independently. A dental
assistant may only work under the supervision of a licensed
dentist, carrying out duties prescribed by the dentist or by adental hygienist employed by the dentist.
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Dr. C Edmund Kells ofNew Orleans (U.S.A.) in
1885 hired a woman as a lady in attendance sothat ladies who needed dental treatment during
these victorian times were made to feel at ease.
There was a change in the degree of their
utilization , when, due to a shortage of labor tomeet the demand of the military service during
world war II (1939-1945), these helpers were
trained to work at the chairside.There was amarked change during the 60s with the advent of
fourhanded sit-down dentistry.
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Duties of thedental assistants are:1. Reception of the patient.
2. Preparation of the patient for treatment he or she may need.3. Preparation and provision of all necessary facilities such as
mouthwashes and napkins
4. Sterilization, care and preparation of instruments.
5. Preparation and mixing of restorative materials including both
filing and impression materials.
6. Care of the patient after treatment until he or she leaves,including clearing away of instruments and preparation ofinstruments for reuse.
7. Preparation of the surgery for the next patient.
8. Preparation of documents to the dental surgeon for thiscompletion and filing of these.
9. Assistance with x-ray work and the processing and mounting ofx-ray.
10. Instruction of the patient, where necessary, in the correct use ofthe toothbrush.
11. Aftercare of persons who have had general anesthetics.
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DENTAL SECRETARY/RECEPTIONIST:
This is a person who assists the dentist with hissecretarial work and patient reception duties.
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DENTAL LABORATORY TECHNICIAN:
A dental laboratory technician is a non-operating auxiliary who fulfills the
prescriptions provided by dentist regarding
the extra oral construction and repair of oral
appliances and bridge-work.
this category of personnel have also been
known as dental mechanics. As per the Indian
dentist Act of1948
,dental mechanics is aperson who makes or repairs dentures and
dental appliances.
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In some countries they have been considered as
auxiliaries because, in these places, their work
is mostly performed in commercial laboratories
and not in the dental practice setting.
Dental laboratory technician receive their
training through apprenticeship which is
associated with formula training at a dentalschool or technical college. The formal training
period covers two years.
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DUTIES
Casting of models from impression
made by the dentist.
Fabrication of dentures, splints,
orthodontic appliance, inlays, crowns
and special trays.
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DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATORThis is a person who instructs in the prevention of dental
disease and who may also be permitted to apply intraorally.
In a few countries, the duties of some dental surgery
assistants have been extended to allow them to carry
out certain preventive procedures.
In sweden, twoadditional weeks of training are given, after which
auxillaries are allowed to conduct flouride mouthrinsing
programs to groups of school children. They are, not
allowed to undertake any intra oral procedures.
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SCHOOLDENTALNURSE This is an operating auxiliary, who is permitted to diagnose dental
disease and to plan and carry out certain specified preventive andtreatment measure, including some operative procedures in the
treatment of dental caries and periodontal disease in defined groups
of people, usually school children.
Interest in an organized plan to improve dental conditions among
children in new zealand first became evident in195
0.treatment ofthese children were particularly difficult on account of the distance,
which often separated small communities.Also dentists were in short
supply during world war I (1914-18) and treatment of young children
were not as accepted an area of dental practice at that time.
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The dental nurse scheme was established in
wellington, New Zealand in 1921 due to the
extensive dental disease found in army recruits
during world war I. the man who influenced its
formation was T.A. Hunter, a founder of the new
zealand dental association and a pioneer in the
establishment of a dental school in new zealand.The name of the school where they were trained
was the dominion training school for dental
nurses.
Upon completion of training, each schoo dental
nurse is assigned to a school where she is
employed by the government to provide regular
dental care for between45
0 and700 children
.
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Each school which takes more than 100 children has its
own dental clinic. When a school dental nurse is
assigned to a school, she is accepted as a member of
the staff in the same way as are the teachers.
In new zealand, the dental nurses are predominantly in
the school-based salaried service and are expected to
provide care for the children at nearly 6-month intervals.
They are under general supervision of a district principaldental officer
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DUTIES
1. Oral examination.
2. Prophylaxis
3. Topical flouride application
4. Advice on dietary flouride supplements5. Administration of local anesthetic.
6. Pulp capping.
7. Extraction of primary teeth.
8. Individual patient instruction in tooth brushing and oralhygiene.
9. Classroom and parent-teacher dental health education.
10. Cavity preparation and placement of amalgam filling in
primary and permanent teeth.
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DENTALTHERAPIST
This an operating auxiliary, who is permitted to carry out the
prescription of a supervising dentist, certain specified
preventive and treatment measures including the preparation
of cavities and restoration of teeth.
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In the U.K dental dressers came into being because of a shortage
of dentists to work in the school dental service. The auxiliaries
based on the new zealand type graduated in 1962 from erstwhile
training school, which was in the new cross area of london. Hence,
they were known as new cross auxiliaries. In 1979, in the U.K, the
name auxiliary was changed to therapist. In australia, therapists-
the personnel categories who are derivaties of the new zealand
dental nurse model-have been in service since 1966. they are like
new zealand type school dental nurses but their role is qiute
different , as they are not permitted to diagnose and plan dentalcare.
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The training of dental therapists is for about a
period two years involving both the reversible and
irreversible procedures. The functions of a
therapist vary. Their duties include,
Cavity preparation in decidous and permanent teeth.
Vital pulptomies under rubber dam in deciduous teeth.
Extraction of deciduous teeth under local anaesthesia
.
Clinical caries diagnosis.
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DENTAL HYGIENIST A dental hygienist is an operating auxiliary licensed and
registered to practice dental hygiene under laws of theappropriate state, province, territory or nation. The dental
hygienist works under the supervision of dentists.
Dental hygienist is a person, not being a dentist or a medical
practitioner; gives instruction in oral hygiene & preventive
dentistry, assists the dental surgeon in chairside work and
manages the office. He/she shall work under the supervision of
the dental surgeon.
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C.M.Wright in1902,suggested the formation of a subspeciality
of the dental profession.
In 1905, Fones trained Mrs. Irene Newman in the procedures
of dental prophylaxis. In 1906, she was at work in Dr.Fonesoffice and became the first dental hygienist.
Dr.Fones is considered as the father of dental hygiene. He is
often credited with the first training school for dental hygienist,
in November1913. the duration of the course was for a period
of about seven months.
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The Dental Council of India has prescribed that,
The course of studies should extend over a period
of two academic years and lead to qualification ofDental Hygienist Certificate.
The Candidate should be at least 15 years of age
at the time of admission or within 3 months of it
and should be medically fit.
The candidate must have passed at least
matriculation examination of a recognized
university taking science subject or an equivalentrecognized qualification.
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DUTIES1. Cleaning of mouths and teeth with particular attention to
calculus and stains.2. Topical application of flourides, sealant and other prophylactic
solutions.
3. Screening or preliminary examination of patients as
individuals or in groups, such as school children or industrialemployees, so that they may be referred to a dentist for
treatment.
4. Instruction in oral hygiene
5. Resource work in the field of dental health
.
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EXPANDED FUNCTIONDENTAL
AUXILIARY (EFDA)
They have been referred to as expanded
function dental assistant, expanded
function auxiliary , technotherapist
,expanded duty dental auxiliary.
An EFDA is a assistant or a dental
hygienist in some cases, who has
received further training of patients,though still working under the direct
supervision of a dentist.
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DUTIES Placing and removing rubber dams.
Placing and removing temporary restorations.
Placing and removing matrix bands.
Condensing and carving amalgam restoration in
previously prepared teeth.
Placing of acrylic restorations in previously prepared
teeth.
Applying the final finish and polish to the previously
listed restorations.
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Development in the training and duties ofEFDAS in
the Canadian providence of ontario, during the
1970s provide an example of an attempt to build alogical career structure for assistants and
hygienists.
Four levels of training and qualification were
recognized,
1. Certified dental assistant.
2. Preventive dental assistant.
3. Dental hygienist.
4. Dental hygienist with expanded
duties.
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