toxicology

4

Routes of absorption

Dermal route Gastrointestinal tract route

Respiratory route

• 0ther routes of absorption

IntraperitonialIntramuscularIntravenousSubcutaneousConjunctive instillationRectal

iv > inhale > ip > im > ingest > topical

skin surface area 1.5-2 m2Distance from blood vessels:100 micronsSkin thickness 3mm

Brick and mortar model of stratum corneum

Penetration rate In various parts of body

Skin areaTemperatureNature of exposure(vapour deposition

compared to direct liquid contact, formulation)

Thickness of horny layerDamage to skinCo-exposure of other

solvants(acetonitrile,dimethylsulfoxide)

Concentration of toxicantExposure duration

AmmoniaCalcium oxide ChlorinePhosphorusHclH2so4Boric acidDetergentsChromium

CobaltAbietic acid