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Description de la langue bijogo (Guinée Bissau)
Guillaume Segerer
To cite this version:
Guillaume Segerer. Description de la langue bijogo (Guinée Bissau). Linguistique. Universitéde la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2000. Français.
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UNIVERSITE PARIS III - SORBONNE NOUVELLE
U.F.R. de Sciences du Langage
N° attribué par la bibliothèque :
|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|
THESE
pour obtenir le grade de
DOCTEUR DE L'UNIVERSITE PARIS III
Discipline : Sciences du Langage
Présentée et soutenue publiquement
par
Guillaume SEGERER
DESCRIPTION DE LA LANGUE BIJOGO
(GUINEE BISSAU)
Sous la direction de
France CLOAREC-HEISSDirecteur de recherche au CNRS
_______2000
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Ognmnknfhd11
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0-1 S`akd`tcdrbnmrnmmdr
K&nqf`mhr`shnmf‡m‡q`kdctrxrsfllddrsq‡rtl‡do`qkds`akd`trthu`ms9
k`ah`kdr cdms`kdr q‡sqne- o`k`s`kdr u‡k`hqdr k`a,u‡krntqcdr o s í r j jornmnqdr a c i f fam`r`kdr l m Ë »
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K` eqhb`shud .r. drs q`mf‡d `udb kdr o`k`s`kdr+ ct e`hs cd bnqqdronmc`mbdr
rxrs‡l`shptdr`udb.b.c`mr`tlnhmrtm`tsqdch`kdbsd-
Ognmnknfhd 12
0-2 Hmudms`hqdronrhshnmmdkr
Bg`btmd cdr bnmrnmmdr ct rxrsflld odts `oo`q`Âsqd dm onrhshnm hmhsh`kd+
hmsdqunb`khptdntehm`kd-Dmonrhshnmhmhsh`kd+k`oq‡ehw`shnmcdrl`qptdrcd
bk`rrd `hmrh ptd kd og‡mnlflmd cd k&`bbnqc dmsq`Âmdms tmd fq`mcd chro`qhs‡
cdr eq‡ptdmbdr c&`oo`qhshnm cdr bnmrnmmdr- L`kfq‡ cd q`qdr k`btmdr+
k&dw`ldmcdrdloqtmsr+pthrnmsf‡m‡q`kdldmsc‡ontqutrcdsntsdl`qptdcd
bk`rrd+ lnmsqd pt&hk m&dwhrsd o`r cd bnmsq`hmsd ognmnknfhptd rtq kdr
bnmrnmmdr c`mr bdssd onrhshnm- K&`eehw`shnm c&‡k‡ldmsr chudqr `eedbsd
‡f`kdldms kd rs`sts ognmnknfhptd cd k` onrhshnm hmsdqunb`khptd+ `t rdhm cd
k`ptdkkd kdr bnmrnmmdr odtudms ·sqd oq‡b‡c‡dr nt rthuhdr c&tmd khlhsd cd
lnqogflld- C`mr bdssd onrhshnm ‡f`kdldms+ nm qdmbnmsqd sntsdr kdr
bnmrnmmdr+ pt&dkkdr rnhdms nt mnm `t bnms`bs c&tmd khlhsd lnqognknfhptd-
L`kfq‡k&hlonqs`mbdcdre`hsrlnqognknfhptdr+nmodtscnmbrdbnmsdmsdqcd
chrshmftdqsqnhronrhshnmr9hmhsh`kd`arnktd+hmsdqunb`khptddsehm`kd`arnktd-
Kd s`akd`t bh,cdrrntr cnmmd tm dwdlokd ontq bg`ptd bnmrnmmd c`mr
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Hmhsh`kd`arnktd
Hmsdqunb`khptd
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k&hmhsh`kdc&tmoq‡ehwdcdbk`rrdrnms+c`mrkdtqfq`mcdl`inqhs‡+hcdmsheh`akdr
Ognmnknfhd13
bnlldcdrdloqtmsr-@tsqdldmschs+k`onrrhahkhs‡ontqbg`ptdbnmrnmmdcd
ehftqdqdmonrhshnmhmhsh`kddrstmduhqst`khs‡cdk`k`mftd+dskdqdrsdq`hsr`mr
k&`oonqscdsdqldr‡sq`mfdqr-
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kdr r‡ptdmbdr MB+ cnms hk rdq` ptdrshnm oktr knhm 'be- o- 23(+ hk dwhrsd
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ahinfnr&`bbnlo`fmdcdk&hmrdqshnmc&tmdunxdkkd+f‡m‡q`kdldms.h.9
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Ognmnknfhd 14
1 Unxdkkdr
Kdrxrsflldbnloqdmc6unxdkkdr&dmsqh`mfkd&9
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1 d n
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K&noonrhshnm dmsqd kdr cdfq‡r c&ntudqstqd lnxdmr '1 ds 2( m&drs o`r
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Oq‡bhrnmrptdbdru`qh`shnmrnms‡s‡nardqu‡dr`tmhud`tcdk&hchnkdbsd+dsbd
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Kdr cdfq‡r 0 ds 1 rnms ahdm noonr‡r ognmnknfhptdldms 'unhq o`hqdr
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entqmhdr o`q sntr kdr hmenql`sdtqr cd e`finm oqdrptd ronms`m‡d9 dkkdr rnms
dlak‡l`shptdrc&tmdnoonrhshnmdwsq·ldldmsl`qfhm`kd-
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dmsqd kdrcdfq‡r0+1ds2 Nm`m‡`mlnhmr e`hs kd bgnhwcd sq`mrbqhqd kdr
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drscheehbhkdcdkdrnoonrdq+kdrcdfq‡r1ds2rnmstmdq‡`khs‡ognm‡shptdcnms
kdrknbtsdtqrnmsbnmrbhdmbd-
1-0 O`hqdrlhmhl`kdr
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Ognmnknfhd15
,`.Ô j`m`9antbgd jÔm`9i`qqdontqk&d`tjÔm`9i`qqdontqk&d`t jÔmÔ9bndtq»``c`9u`m »`Ôc`9mnhwcdjnk`'ok-(
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1-1 Bnlahm`hrnmrcdunxdkkdr
Bnmsq`hqdldms◊bdpth`‡s‡rhfm`k‡◊oqnonrcdrbnmrnmmdr+ kdrrthsdrcd
cdtwunxdkkdrmdrnmso`rq`qdr-Kdrunxdkkdrbnmbdqm‡drrnms`knqrr‡o`q‡dr
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0-kdrcdtwunxdkkdrbnmrdqudmskdtqshlaqd9
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2-K&tmdcdr cdtwunxdkkdr chro`q`Âs 'f‡m‡q`kdldms k` oqdlhflqd(-Bdkkd pth
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Ognmnknfhd 16
C`mr kd cdqmhdq dwdlokd bh,cdrrtr+ k` q‡`khr`shnm Z»``jÔ\ e`hs
dwbdoshnm9b&drsk`rdbnmcdunxdkkdpth`cnosdkdshlaqdcdk`oqdlhflqd-Bd
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ognmnknfhptdrto‡qhdtq'be-bh,cdrrntr(-
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pt&dkkdr md r&`l`kf`ldms o`r- C`mr kd rdbnmc b`r+ kd bnms`bs cd cdtw `
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Ognmnknfhd17
,Tmdunxdkkd rthu`mstm` odtsodqcqd rnm sq`hsZ*unb`khptd\ nt r&dee`bdq
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Ognmnknfhd 18
2 Rsqtbstqdrrxkk`ahptdr
2-0 K`rxkk`ad
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qdmbnmsqdms oqhmbho`kdldms dm hrnk`shnm+ dm onrhshnm hmhsh`kd nt oq‡b‡c‡r
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Ognmnknfhd2/
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b`cqd cd k` rxkk`ad-Tmd bnmrnmmd m`r`kd odts ◊ dkkd rdtkd bnmrshstdq tmd
rxkk`ad9 c`mr bd b`r+ hk r&`fhs c&tm lnqogflld ◊ o`qs dmshflqd+ ds bdssd
q‡`khr`shnm m&drs `ssdrs‡d pt&dm onrhshnm oq‡bnmrnm`mshptd- Oktrhdtqr
lnqogflldrnmsontqenqldtmdm`r`kdrxkk`ahptd-Nmbhsdq`dmsqd`tsqdrk`
l`qptdcdbk`rrdL,8 9L,snrdk'q‡`khr‡Zm,sn\(+L,jdjdndter'q‡`khr‡Z»,
jdjd\(+L,lΩlhdk 'q‡`khr‡ Zl,lΩ\(- Tm lnqogflld tmhptdldms bnmrshst‡
c&tm‡k‡ldmsm`r`kodts·sqdrthuhc&tmdunxdkkd-C`mrbdb`r+hkdrsrntudms
q‡`khr‡ bnlld tmd bnmrnmmd m`r`kd f‡lhm‡d+ cnms k` oqdlhflqd o`qshd drs
rxkk`ahptd-@hmrh+ kdmnlcnms k` rsqtbstqdlnqognognmnknfhptddrsL,`sn
'oq‡ehwd cd bk`rrd L * q`bhmd ,`sn(+ pth rhfmhehd eqthsr cd a`na`a+ drs
q‡`khr‡Zl,l`,sn\+`udbsqnhrrxkk`adr+cnmstmdm`r`kdrxkk`ahptd-
Nm`nlhrunknms`hqdldms+c`mrk&hmudms`hqdcdrenqldrcdrxkk`adr+kd
b`rcdrcdtwsxodrcdrxkk`adrbnlonqs`mstmdr‡ptdmbdMB9BUMB+UMB-
C`mr k&‡udmst`khs‡ c&tmd hmsdqoq‡s`shnm lnmnognm‡l`shptd cdr r‡ptdmbdr
MB+bdrrxkk`adrmdr&‡knhfmdmso`rcdrenqldrbhs‡droktrg`ts-L`hr`knqr+
nmcduq`hs sqntudq `trrhcdr rxkk`adrcd sxodMBU'bnqqdronmc`ms `t sxod
BU(+MBUBdsMBUMB'bnqqdronmc`ms`tsxodBUB(-Bdm&drso`r kdb`r-
Cdsdkkdrr‡ptdmbdrrnms`ssdrs‡dr+l`hrbnlonqsdsntintqrcdtwrxkk`adr+k`
m`r`kdhmhsh`kd‡s`msntahdmrxkk`ahptd'◊k&hmhsh`kd(+ntq`ss`bg‡d◊k`rxkk`ad
oq‡b‡cdmsd-
C&`tsqd o`qs+ kdr rxkk`adr UMB ds BUMB rnms q`qdr ds bnmm`hrrdms
rntudmscdr q‡`khr`shnmr r`mr‡k‡ldmsm`r`k-O`q dwdlokd+ i`míhmí‡odquhdq
odts ·sqd q‡`khr‡ Zi`m,íhmí\+ nt Zi`,íhmí\ nt dmbnqd Zi`m,íhí\- K` ptdrshnm ct
sq`hsdldmscdrr‡ptdmbdrMBrdq`dw`lhm‡ddmc‡s`hk`tbg`ohsqd3-0+o-23-
8Rtqk`enqldcda`rdcdbdssdbk`rrd+be-mnsd66+o-050-
Ognmnknfhd 20
2-1 Kdrrbgflldrrxkk`ahptdr
K&‡s`akhrrdldms cd k&hmudms`hqd cdr rbgflldr rxkk`ahptdr `ssdrs‡r nakhfd ◊
sdmhq bnlosd cd bnmrhc‡q`shnmr lnqognknfhptdr- Dm deeds+ k&tr`fd cd
k&dwoqdrrhnm &rbgflld rxkk`ahptd& hlokhptd ptd rnhdms qdbnmmtdr kdr khlhsdr
ctlns-C`mr kd b`r c&tmd k`mftd ◊ bk`rrdr c&`bbnqc bnlld kd ahinfn+ kdr
`eehwdr cd bk`rrdr rnms hrnk`akdr o`q bnllts`shnm+ l`hr kdtq rnkhc`qhs‡
ognmnknfhptd `udb k` a`rd kdwhb`kd rd l`mhedrsd ◊ sq`udqr bdqs`hmr
og‡mnlflmdr+ cnms k` rxkk`a`shnm- O`q dwdlokd+ bdqs`hmdr a`rdr mnlhm`kdr
bnlonqsdms ◊ k&hmhsh`kd tmd r‡ptdmbdMB+l`hr k` oq‡rdmbd c&tm oq‡ehwd cd
bk`rrd dmsq`Âmd k&`eedbs`shnm cd bg`ptd rdfldms cd bdssd r‡ptdmbd ◊ cdr
rxkk`adr chrshmbsdr+ r`te ahdm rÚq knqrptd kd lns `hmrh enql‡ drs
lnmnrxkk`ahptd9
mnl rdmr rxkk`adr rbgflld bk`rrd a`rd
j`mcd itod j`m,cd BUM,BU J@, ,mcd
mtmjtmcd sntqsdqdkkd mtm,jtm,cd BUM,BUM,BU mU, ,mjtmcd
jÔmmÔ nqdhkkd jÔm,mÔ BUM,MU JN, ,mmÔ
Ômfax` dme`ms Ôm,fax` UM,BxU N, ,mfax`
jtlonmí bg`od`t jnl,onmí BUM,BUMB JN, ,lonmí
Ωmí ontkd Ωmí UMB D, ,mí
jÔmí ontkdr jÔmí BUMB JN, ,mí0/
Oq‡bhrnmrptdk&‡k‡ldmsm`r`khmhsh`kcdsdkkdra`rdrmnlhm`kdrm&drso`r
sqflrrs`akd`trdhmcdrchudqrch`kdbsdr-Dmqdrs`msc`mrk&ÂkdcdAta`ptd+nm
bnmrs`sdcdru`qh`shnmrdmsqdkdruhkk`fdr-O`qdwdlokd+kdsdqldontq`qaqd
drs»t,msd◊Atqtrds»t,sd◊Ahi`msd00-
Hk o`q`Âs cnmb oqtcdms cd r‡o`qdq kdr rbgflldr rxkk`ahptdr cdr tmhs‡r
q‡dkkdldms`ssdrs‡drc`mr kdchrbntqrcdbdtwcdra`rdr kdwhb`kdr-Ontqbdr
0/Bdssdq`bhmddrsk`u`qh`msd&tr‡d&cdk`q`bhmd,íΩmí9ΩíΩmíontkd-Kdoktqhdkdrshqq‡ftkhdq9jÔíÔmíontkdr-K`o`hqdΩmí.jÔmídrskdrdtkdwdlokdcdmnlrcdenqldrUMBdsBUMB-00K`enqld»t,sdmntrrdlakdhrrtdcd»t,msdontqk`q`hrnmrthu`msd9nmudqq`'o-28(ptdkdr unxdkkdr nms sdmc`mbd ◊ rd edqldq `t bnms`bs c&tmd r‡ptdmbd MB- O`q `hkkdtqr+ kdrunxdkkdrcdbdqs`hmroq‡ehwdrcdbk`rrd`cnosdmskdcdfq‡c&ntudqstqdcdk`oqdlhflqdunxdkkdcd k` q`bhmd kdwhb`kd- K` qflfkd cd edqldstqd cdu`ms MB drs oktr enqsd ptd k` qflfkdc&g`qlnmhr`shnm- @hmrh+ `udb tmd q`bhmd ,sd ds k` bk`rrd ôN+ nm `ssdmcq`hs )»n,sd- K`oq‡rdmbdc&tm‡k‡ldmsm`r`kdmsq`Âmdk`q‡`khr`shnm»t,msd-K`enqld»t,sdbnmrdqudk`sq`bdcd bds ‡k‡ldms m`r`k- Tm og‡mnlflmd rhlhk`hqd r&nardqud ◊ oqnonr ct mnl ontq u`bgdr 9bdqs`hmr o`qkdqr nms jt,rhΩ+ `udb g`qlnmhd `ssdmctd dmsqd t ds h- @ Ata`ptd+ ds oktro`qshbtkhflqdldmsc`mrkduhkk`fdcdAhi`msd+k`enqldqdkdu‡ddrsjt,rΩ-Kdh`chro`qtl`hrr`sq`bddrsbnmrdqu‡d`tmhud`tctoq‡ehwdcdbk`rrd-
Ognmnknfhd21
cdqmhflqdr+ hk bnmuhdms ‡f`kdldms c&no‡qdq tmd chrshmbshnm dmsqd kdr a`rdr
mnlhm`kdr ds kdr a`rdr udqa`kdr+ pth oq‡rdmsdms rtq bd onhms tm hmudms`hqd
oktr q‡cths- Tmd a`rd udqa`kd odts ·sqd c‡ehmhd bnlld tm ‡k‡ldms
rtrbdoshakd cd qdbdunhq bdqs`hmr sxodr c&`eehwdr+ mns`lldms kdr hmchbdr
odqrnmmdkr- Kd mnlaqd cdr `eehwdr udqa`tw ds k` u`qh‡s‡ cd kdtqr
bnlahm`hrnmr `tsntq cd k` a`rd udqa`kd odtudms dmfdmcqdq cdr enqldr
udqa`kdr`rrdyknmftdr+cnmskdc‡s`hkrdq`dw`lhm‡oktrknhm'o`qdwdlokd+
x`j`m`c`j`s`j`m pt&hkr sq`u`hkkdms ontq lnh(- Bdr enqldr bnmrshstdms
m‡`mlnhmrtmlns+ ontq `ts`ms ptd k&nm othrrd c‡ehmhq kdlns bnlldtmd
tmhs‡◊k`enhrlnqognrxms`whptdds+c`mrtmdbdqs`hmdldrtqd+hmsnm`shud-
Kdr hmudms`hqdrcdroqhmbho`twrbgflldrrxkk`ahptdr r&‡s`akhrrdmscnmb
cdk`e`finmrthu`msd9
Udqadr'434q`bhmdrdw`lhm‡dr(9
UB98$
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BUB955$ sns`kq`bhmdrlnmnrxkk`ahptdr971$
BUBUB90/$
@tsqdr97$
Mnlr'824q`bhmdrdw`lhm‡dr(9
BU98$ BUBU917$
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BUMBU97$
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UBU95$
@tsqdr917$'be-bhcdrrntr(
Nmkdunhs+kdrq`bhmdrudqa`kdrrnmsl`inqhs`hqdldmslnmnrxkk`ahptdr+
ds kdtqr rbgflldr rxkk`ahptdr rnms fkna`kdldms ad`tbntolnhmr chudqrheh‡r
ptd bdtw cdr q`bhmdr mnlhm`kdr- Dm ntsqd+ kdr q`bhmdr udqa`kdr oq‡rdmsdms
tmdehm`kdbnmrnm`mshptdc`mr74$cdrb`r+bnmsqdrdtkdldms1/$ontqkdr
q`bhmdr mnlhm`kdr- Bdr chee‡qdmbdr rnms ctdr `t e`hs ptd kdr udqadr rd
k`hrrdmsoktrunknmshdqr`m`kxrdqptdkdrmnlr-Kdrq`bhmdrudqa`kdrodtudms
qdbdunhqcdr rteehwdrpth kdtqodqldssdmscd enmbshnmmdq bnlldudqadr nt
bnlld mnlr- K` enqld f‡m‡q`kd cd bdr rteehwdr u`qhd dm enmbshnm cd k`
b`s‡fnqhd9 ehm`kd oktsÎs unb`khptd ontq kdr mnlr+ bnmrnm`mshptd ontq kdr
udqadr9
,aní o·bgdq d,anní,Ω o·bgdn,anní,h o·bgdtqjt,anní g`ldfinm»n,anní,`sΩ `ooŸs
Ognmnknfhd 22
,l`s dmfdmcqdq ,l`s,Ôj m`ÂsqdËÔ,l`s,h m`hrr`mbdj`,l`s,`sΩ ok`bdms`
,snË ohkdq ,snË,`m rdbnfmdq»`,snË,`md `bbhcdms
,cÔmj ·sqdoqnbgd ,cÔmj,`s `ooqnbgdqmÔ,cÔmj,`md mndtc
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18/(+ bdpthodqldscd q‡s`akhq k` enqldcd k` q`bhmd+ kd b`r cdr mnlr drs
oktrc‡khb`s-Ontqk`oktrfq`mcdo`qshdc&dmsqddtwdmdeeds+k&`m`kxrdmdodts
`kkdq`t,cdk◊ctc‡bnto`fdahm`hqdoq‡ehwdcdbk`rrdèa`rdkdwhb`kd+bdpth
dwokhptddmo`qshd k`fq`mcdu`qh‡s‡cdr rbgflldr rxkk`ahptdr `ssqhat‡r `tw
q`bhmdr-Hkqdrsdptdk`enqldcdrrteehwdrdrstmanmhmchbdc&tmdsdmc`mbd
f‡m‡q`kdpthq‡rdqud`tw‡k‡ldmsrudqa`twkdrehm`kdrbnmrnm`mshptdr+ds`tw
‡k‡ldmsrmnlhm`twkdrehm`kdrunb`khptdr-
K`chudqrhs‡cdrrbgflldrrxkk`ahptdrcdra`rdrmnlhm`kdrdrsdwsq·ld-
Nmqdbdmrddmdeeds66rbgflldrchee‡qdmsr+cnms17mdrnmsqdoq‡rdms‡rptd
o`qtmdrdtkda`rdmnlhm`kd9
,`jtqtjtqt9o`ohkknmro-,mΩqtatc`j9rdqodmsro-,loqnftcn9l`qlhsdro-dsb-
5/ cd bdr 66 rbgflldr bnlosdms lnhmr cd 0/ qdoq‡rdms`msr- Kdr 06
rbgflldrqdrs`msrqdoq‡rdmsdmsbdodmc`ms76$cdra`rdrmnlhm`kdr-
Ognmnknfhd23
3 Kdenmbshnmmdldmscdk`m`r`khs‡
3-0 MBntM,B9kdoqnakflldcdroq‡m`r`khr‡dr
Kdahinfnmdbnmm`Âsoq`shptdldmso`rcdr‡ptdmbdrbnmrnm`mshptdr+◊o`qs
ptdkptdr r‡ptdmbdr Bv nt Bx+ sqflr q`qdldms Bq+ ds kdr r‡ptdmbdr MB
'bnmrnmmd nq`kd oq‡b‡c‡d c&tmd bnmrnmmd m`r`kd gnlnqf`mhptd(- Bdr
cdqmhflqdr rnms qdk`shudldms eq‡ptdmsdr+ ds rd qdmbnmsqdms c`mr sntsdr kdr
onrhshnmr9
hmhsh`kd9mjnk◊,a`r+msnrdk+mrnlcdtwl‡ch`md9Ôj`msÔedlld+Ωmr`lo`msgflqd+j`mjÔx`l`shm+Ômfax`dme`msehm`kd9,joΩmsbntodq+danmí`mshknod+jtlonmíbg`od`t
Dmntsqd+hkdrso`qenhronrrhakdc&noonrdq+c`mrk`l·ldonrhshnm+tmd
r‡ptdmbd MB ◊ tmd bnmrnmmd m`r`kd rhlokd nt nq`kd rhlokd- Cd sdkkdr
noonrhshnmrrnms`rrdyq`qdr9
hmhsh`kd9msnrdk.sn`kknmr l‡ch`md9jtmqnsqnt.jtmnenq·s.jtqnaŸsnmontqqdltdqk`r`tbdehm`kd9,Ômseqnssdq.,Ômqdrohqdq.,Ôs`oodkdq
Bdr e`hsr cduq`hdms odqldssqd c&hmsdqoq‡sdq kdr r‡ptdmbdr MB bnlld
cdrognmflldrtmhptdr-K` q`qds‡cdro`hqdrlhmhl`kdrm&drso`rtmbqhsflqd
rteehr`ms ontq qdidsdq bdr ‡k‡ldmsr gnqr ct rxrsflld+ bnlosd sdmt cd
k&hlaqhb`shnm bnmrs`msd dmsqd ognmnknfhd ds lnqognknfhd- Bdodmc`ms+ cdr
`qftldmsrmnlaqdtwdsu`qh‡rrtffflqdmsoktsÎscdbnmrdqudq◊bdrr‡ptdmbdr
tmrs`stsah,ognm‡l`shptd9
@-Rdfldms`shnm
Nmnardqud+c`mrk`q‡`khr`shnmognm‡shptdcdrr‡ptdmbdrMB+tmdsdmc`mbd
sqflr mdssd ◊ r‡o`qdq kdr cdtw rdfldmsr 'be- bh,cdrrtr o- 18(- @ k&hmhsh`kd
`arnktd+ k`m`r`kdbnmrshstd◊dkkdrdtkdtmdrxkk`ad-@oqflrtmdunxdkkd+ k`
m`r`kd drs `eedbs‡d ◊ k` rxkk`adoq‡b‡cdmsd+ `udbontq deeds cd m`r`khrdq k`
unxdkkddmptdrshnm9
msnrdk Zm´,sn\Ôj`msnedlld ZÔ,j`ëm,sÔ\
Ognmnknfhd 24
Bdrq‡`khr`shnmrrnmssqflrmdssdldmsodqbdoshakdrdsl·ldqdudmchpt‡dr
o`q kdr hmenql`sdtqr pth+ knqrpt&nm kdtq rntlds o`q dwdlokd kdr cdtw
q‡`khr`shnmr Zmh,mr`q\ ds Zmhm,r`q\ 'mhmr`q l`bgdssd(+ nosdms edqldldms ds
r`mr`tbtmdg‡rhs`shnmontqk`rdbnmcd-
A-Dbnmnlhd
K` fq`mcdl`inqhs‡ cdr 07 bnmrnmmdr ct rxrsflld odts ·sqd oq‡b‡c‡d c&tm
‡k‡ldmsbnmrnm`mshptdm`r`k9
o9j`lon o`mhdqro-s9j`mshms` gd`tldr9Ωmr`l o`msgflqdí9Ωmí ontkdj9j`mjÔx` l`shmjo9jtqtmjod oktlda9Ωla` uhkk`fdc9j`mcd itodcdehaqdri9j`mi` l`hrnmcdbtksdf9mftlΩ fntqchmrfa9Ômfax` dme`msl9»`lltm` fq`hrrdm9jÔmmÔ nqdhkkdË9ËËn d`t»9hkdrscheehbhkdcde`hqdk`chee‡qdmbddmsqdZ»»\dsZ»f\q9jtmqn sqntv9ZΩÑv`\ ncdtqx9hkdrscheehbhkdcde`hqdk`chee‡qdmbddmsqdZËË\dsZËx\01
Hk drs e`bhkd cd bnmrs`sdq ◊ ptdk onhms k&hmsqnctbshnm cd ognmflldr
oq‡m`r`khr‡r`kntqchq`hskdrxrsflld-Tmdqflfkdodqldss`ms◊m&hlonqsdptdkkd
bnmrnmmdc&·sqdoq‡b‡c‡dc&tm‡k‡ldmsm`r`kcdl·ldonhmsc&`qshbtk`shnmdrs
ad`tbntooktr‡bnmnlhptd-Cdu`msv+ k&‡k‡ldmsm`r`kdrs q‡`khr‡Ñ dsmnm
l- Kdr hmenql`sdtqr rnms b`s‡fnqhptdr rtq bd onhms- Nq+ Ñ m&dwhrsd o`r
`hkkdtqr c`mr k` k`mftd- Tmd r‡qhd cd oq‡m`r`khr‡dr cduq`hs hmbktqdÑv+ ds
bnlosdq`hs `hmrh c`u`ms`fd c&‡k‡ldmsr ptd k` r‡qhd cdr m`r`kdr- Tmd sdkkd
chrsqhatshnmrdlakdrs`shrshptdldmsdwbdoshnmmdkkd+rhdkkddwhrsd-
B-Chrsqhatshnm
Kdrr‡ptdmbdrMBrnmssqflrhm‡f`kdldmschrsqhat‡dr`trdhmctkdwhptd-
Dm o`qshbtkhdq+ bdssd chrsqhatshnm u`qhd dmsqd kdr q`bhmdr mnlhm`kdr ds kdr
q`bhmdr udqa`kdr- C`mr kdr oqdlhflqdr+ kdr r‡ptdmbd MB `oo`q`hrrdms
01K&`ardmbdcdrcdtwr‡ptdmbdr»»dsËxodts·sqdctd◊ k`cheehbtks‡cd kdrchrshmftdqcdr‡ptdmbdrognm‡shptdldmsoqnbgdr+l`hr‡f`kdldms◊cdrog‡mnlflmdrcdchrrhlhk`shnmntc&`rrhlhk`shnm-
Ognmnknfhd25
oqhmbho`kdldms ◊ k&hmhsh`kd ds dm onrhshnm hmsdqunb`khptd 'ct e`hs cd k`
oq‡rdmbd cd oq‡ehwdr cd bk`rrd+ k` onrhshnm hmhsh`kd cd q`bhmd ‡pthu`ts
rntudms cd e`bsn ◊ k` onrhshnm hmsdqunb`khptd dm sdqldr c&dmuhqnmmdldms
ognm‡shptd(- Kdr ehm`kdr MB rnms sqflr q`qdr o`qlh kdr mnlr ds+ e`hs
qdl`qpt`akd+ rdtk tm odshs mnlaqd cd bnmrnmmdr drs bnmbdqm‡- Rtq 05
nbbtqqdmbdrcdq`bhmdrmnlhm`kdr◊ehm`kdMB+nmmdqdkfludptd3r‡ptdmbdr
chee‡qdmsdr9,mc90+,ms92+,mj92+,mí98-
Kdrq`bhmdrudqa`kdroq‡rdmsdmspt`ms◊dkkdr00ehm`kdrMBchee‡qdmsdr
ontqtm sns`k cd 33nbbtqqdmbdr 9 ,ms9 8+ ,mc9 8+ ,mí9 7+ ,mj9 4+ ,mr9 2+
,mq91+,mi91+,mf91+,lo90+,la90+,mfa90-
Kdrq`bhmdrudqa`kdrrnmsl`inqhs`hqdldmscdenqldBUB-Nq+ kd sxod
BUMBdrsahdm`ssdrs‡l`hrnmmdqdkflud`tbtmdq`bhmdudqa`kdcdk`enqld
MBUB-Dm qdu`mbgd+ bdqs`hmr mnlr hrrtr cd q`bhmdr udqa`kdr oq‡rdmsdms ◊
k&hmhsh`kdcdq`bhmdtm‡k‡ldmsm`r`k9
,otcdmudknoodq jt,l,otc,donhrrnmdmudknoo‡c`mrtmdedthkkd,v`rdmshq Ω,Ñ,v`ncdtq,ohq`je`hqdtmohflfd+tma`qq`fdj`,l,ohq`j,nohflfd+a`qq`fd
Bdrdwdlokdrlnmsqdmsahdmptdk&‡k‡ldmsm`r`kodts·sqdr‡o`q‡cdk`
bnmrnmmd pth kd rths- Rthu`ms tmd sq`chshnm bk`rrhptd c`mr kd cnl`hmd
`sk`mshptd+ hkbnmuhdmsc&dmuhr`fdq k`onrrhahkhs‡cdc‡bqhqdbdrog‡mnlflmdr
dmsdqldrc&`ksdqm`mbdrbnmrnm`mshptdr-Rhbdssdgxonsgflrdmdodtso`r·sqd
b`s‡fnqhptdldmsqdids‡dc`mrkdb`cqdcdk&‡stcdcdk&‡unktshnmcdk`k`mftd+
`tmhud`trxmbgqnmhptd kdr`qftldmsrdmr` e`udtqo`q`hrrdms sqflr e`hakdr-
Kdro`hqdrctsxodcdbdkkdroq‡rdms‡drbh,cdrrtrrnmsdmdeeds`rrdyq`qdr-
Dmntsqd+c`mrkdrk`mftdrnUdkkddrs`ssdrs‡d+k&`ksdqm`mbdbnmrnm`mshptddrs
f‡m‡q`kdldms `rrnbh‡d ◊ c&`tsqdr sxodr c&`ksdqm`mbdr'o`q dw- rhmftkhdq .
oktqhdk(+ nt rntlhrd ◊ cdr bnmchshnmmdldmsr u`qh‡r cnms nm md unhs o`r k`
sq`bdhbh-
Dmehm+ontqbdpthbnmbdqmdkdrmnlr+k`oq‡rdmbdc&tm‡k‡ldmsm`r`k◊
k&hmhsh`kd cd q`bhmd m&drs o`r rs`akd- B&drs k&tm cdr onhmsr rtq kdrptdkr kdr
chudqro`qkdqrchudqfdms+xbnloqhrdmsqdcdruhkk`fdrchee‡qdmsrcd k&Âkdcd
Ata`ptd-Kdrcnmm‡drtshkhr‡drontqk`oq‡rdmsdcdrbqhoshnmoqnuhdmmdmsct
uhkk`fd cd Ahi`msd- Bnlo`qnmr ptdkptdr sdqldr cd bd o`qkdq `udb kdtqr
bnqqdronmc`msrctuhkk`fdcdAtqtr+pthe`hstmoktrfq`mctr`fdcdrenqldr
◊m`r`kdr9
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Ognmnknfhd 26
C`mr kd o`qkdq pth drs c‡bqhs hbh+ bdkth cd Ahi`msd+ kdr r‡ptdmbdrMB
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