DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF VEHICLE MOUNTED AIR TURBINE USING

SOLIDWORKS

 SUBMITTED BY:

M.JAYAVEL - 80106114038

S. PULITHEVAN - 80106114040

B.RAJAGOPALAN - 80106114046

S.SASIKUMAR - 80106114307

PROJECT GUIDE:

Mr. S. MURALI, M.E., (Ph.D.,)

PROFESSOR

 

1

CONTENTS

OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM METHODOLOGY PART FILE CREATION ASSEMBLY DRAWING FEA IN SOLIDWORKS FLOW ANALYSIS FLOW TRAJETORY FLOW SIMULATION RESULTS POWER EXTRACTED FROM WIND NET POWER EXTRACTED FINDINGS RESULT

OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

To capture the opposing air and convert its

into power while vehicle is in running.

To design the system which extracts the energy without affecting the vehicle performance as much.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM

To avoid prototyping of the model the design is evaluated in SolidWorks software.

To find the exact environmental condition of the model the design is analyzed using SolidWorks Flow Simulation.

METHODOLOGY

The conceptual design problem is evaluated using SolidWorks professional 2009.

The part files are created and assembled Into model.

Then the model is analyzed with SolidWorks Flow Simulation to find out the maximum and minimum velocity conditions.

The result is studied; finally the power extract from the air is correlated.

MATERIAL SELECTION

AISI 1020 is a Standard grade Carbon Steel.

It is composed of (in weight percentage) 0.18-0.23% Carbon (C), 0.30-0.60% Manganese (Mn), 0.04% Phosphorus (P), 0.05% Sulfur (S), and the base metal Iron (Fe).

PART FILE CREATION

The part files are created using the following features.

They are extrusion, revolve, sweep, loft, thickening of a surface, or a sheet metal flange, chamfers, fillets, shells etc.,

ROTOR SELECTION

There are two types of radial blades

Forward-curved, Backward-curved. The backward curvature mimics that of an

airfoil cross section and provides good operating efficiency with relatively economical construction techniques.

Hence backward-curved rotor is suitable for our project.

ROTOR DESIGN It has 8 blades with central hub. This

central hub eliminates the cyclic load variation

CASING SELECTION

There are two types of casing, namely circular and spiral.

From various literature survey, it is seen that the efficiency of circular casing is higher than that of the spiral casing in all flow rate and efficiency is 7% higher than that of spiral casing. It also suitable for backward curved rotor.

Hence we select the circular casing.

PART SPECIFICATIONS

CASING Radius = 125 mm

Clearance = 36 mm Inlet & outlet: rectangular duct

200mm x 100mm ROTOR Blade thickness = 5mm Number of blades = 8 Hub Width = 150mm

ASSEMBLY DRAWING

FEA IN SOLIDWORKS

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) provides a reliable numerical technique for analyzing engineering designs. The process starts with the creation of a geometric model.

Then, the program subdivides the model into small pieces of simple shapes (elements) connected at common points (nodes).

Finite element analysis programs look at the model as a network of discrete interconnected elements.

ELEMENT TYPES Solid Mesh

The SolidWorks program creates a solid mesh with tetrahedral 3D solid elements for all solid components in the Parts folder.

Tetrahedral elements are suitable for bulky objects.

Shell Mesh

The program automatically creates a shell mesh for sheet-metals with uniform thicknesses (except drop test study) and surface geometries.

For sheet metals the mesh is automatically created at the mid-surface

The program extracts the shell thickness from the thickness of the sheet metal. The diagram shows the typical shell element.

DEVELOPMENT OF ELEMENT

Two elements are created on the side of the meshed face with the thickness of t/2(t is thickness of sheet metal). Hence the element is added on the three nodes according to the model.

MESHING

Meshing is a very crucial step in design analysis.

But here the automatic mesher in the software generates a mesh based on a global element size, tolerance, and local mesh control specifications.

MESHER TYPE

Standard mesh. Activates the Voronoi-Delaunay meshing

scheme for subsequent meshing operations. This mesher is faster than the curvature- based mesher and should be used in most cases.

Curvature based mesh. Activates the Curvature-based meshing

scheme for subsequent meshing operations. The mesher creates more elements in higher-curvature areas automatically.

FLOW ANALYSIS

SolidWorks Flow Simulation is a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solution for Flow Analysis and Simulation.

SolidWorks combines a high level of functionality and accuracy with ease-of-use.

It is perfect for the engineer who needs flow analysis, but is not necessarily an expert in the field of fluid simulation.

PREPARING MODEL FOR ANALYSIS

transparent the model so that we see the flow trajectories when during results.

The model should have, only one inlet and only one outlet.

Enclose the inlet and outlet openings with lids which must be solid features, such as extrudes.

Inlet & outlet is covered by a lid and the top portion is adjusted to view the inner parts.

Model is enclosed by two lids in inlet & outlet, transparency is adjusted.

INLET & OUTLET red head arrow -inlet

blue head arrow - outlet

SIMULATION SOLVER

MESHING

SHELL MESH

VARIATION IN MESH

MIN/MAX TABLE

FLOW TRAJECTORY

TRAJECTORY CROSS SECTION

TRAJECTORY ON THE MODEL

CUT PLOTFlow around the model shows the velocity 75-

230m/s effectively strike the rotor blades.

CELLS IN THE REGION

Each node in a solid element has three degrees of freedom that represent the translations in three orthogonal directions.

The software uses the X, Y, and Z directions of the global Cartesian coordinate system in formulating the problem.

For X(m) = -0.038666093, Y(m) = -0.107836062 Z(m) =0.016536792 Cell volume [m³] is 1.00466E-06

INPUT DATA

Basic Mesh Dimensions

Number of cells in X 20;Xmax= 0.175397

Xmin = -0.222872 Number of cells in Y 12;Ymax= 0.123246

Ymin = -0.123246 Number of cells in Z 10;Zmax= 0.198196

Zmin = 0.001804

Physical Features

Flow type: Laminar and turbulent Default wall conditions: Adiabatic wall Initial Conditions: Thermodynamic

parameters

Static Pressure: 101325 Pa

Temperature: 293.2 K

Boundary Conditions

Inlet Volume Flow 1

Coordinate system: Global coordinate system

Reference axis : X

Flow vectors direction:

Normal to face, Volume flow rate normal to face: 5 m³/s. Environment pressure: 101325 Pa

FLOW SIMULATION RESULTS

Basic Mesh Dimensions Number of cells in X:20 Number of cells in Y:12 Number of cells in Z:10 Number Of Cells Total cells:13964 Fluid cells:7598

Min/Max Table

Name Minimum Maximum

Pressure [Pa] 79693.1 386719

Temperature [K] 254.167 328.671

Density [kg/m^3] 0.928413 4.14506

Velocity [m/s] 0 383.166

X-velocity [m/s] -89.1687 377.683

Y-velocity [m/s] -209.438 320.536

Z-velocity [m/s] -178.491 178.76

Shear Stress [Pa] 1.43812e-08 935.228

Fluid Temperature [K] 254.167 328.671

DYNAMIC VISCOCITY Vs TEMPERATURE CHART

SPECIFIC HEAT Vs TEMPERATURE CHART

OPTIMUM VELOCITY

From the analysis it clearly says the model withstand a maximum velocity of 383.16 m/s.

But for calculation we have to select the desired velocity as 13.85m/s, when the vehicle at 50km/hr .

POWER AVAILABLE IN THE WIND P = 0.5*A* ρ *v³ A = swept area = ∏*D² ρ = air density v = velocity of the air D = dia of the rotor A = ∏*(48²) =7238.23mm² ρ = 1.025 kg/m³ v = 13.85 m/s

P = 0.5*0.007238 *1.225*13.85³ = 11.78 watts.

POWER EXTRACTED

W = (ρAV³)/2 Watts A is the area of the turbine = (πD²)/4

= ∏*(0.048²)/4

= 0.0018m² W = (1.205*0.0018*13.85³)/ (2)

= 2.88 watts

if we consider the efficiency of generator is 80% then the net power extracted

DRAG COEFFICIENT

The force exerted on a body moving in a medium like air or water is called drag force.

When the model is fixed in a vehicle the performance is affected due to drag.

The drag coefficient is always associated with a particular surface area.

It does not depends on the type of material used.

VALUES OF DRAG COEFFICIENTType of Object Drag Coefficient

Passenger Train 1.8

Tractor Trailed Truck 0.96

Streamline body 0.04

Modern Car 0.26

POWER REQUIRED TO OVERCOME THE DRAG FORCE

P = (ρ*V³*A*C)/2 A = front area of the model

=61450.745 mm²

drag coefficient C=0.1 P = (1.025*13.85³*61450.745e-9 *0.1)/2

= 0.0087

~ 0.01 watts

NET POWER EXTRACTED

P net = 2.88-0.01

= 2.87 watts.

If we consider the efficiency of the power generator is 80% then the power extracted is 2.3 watts.

FINDINGS

The design is desired to couple with the power generator directly without any step up or step down device. Hence the loss is less.

The power required to overcome the drag is about few watts. If we fit more air turbine in a vehicle we will extract more amount of energy.

RESULTS

The design and analysis show that the conceptual design of our project can withstand the maximum velocity of 383.16 m/s.

If Consider when a vehicle moving 50 km/hr the available flow is nearly 15 m/s. For this factor the net power extracted is 2.3 watts.

THANK YOU….