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R. Gupta, M. Anerella, J. Cozzolino, P. Joshi
W. Sampson, P. Wanderer, BNL, NY USA
A Zeller, FRIB, MI, USA
Design, Construction and Test Results
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 2 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
Overview
• Why HTS magnets for the Facility for Rare
Isotope Beams (FRIB)?
FRIB is a major US facility under construction at MSU
• Brief overview of the significant HTS magnet
R&D for over last ten years (~4M$)
Primary focus: the test results
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 3 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
Radiation Tolerant HTS Quad for the
Fragment Separator Region of FRIB
Exposure in the first magnet itself:
Head Load : ~10 kW/m, 15 kW
Fluence : 2.5 x1015 n/cm2 per year
Radiation : ~10 MGy/year
Pre-separator quads and dipole
To create intense rare isotopes, 400 kW beam hits the production target.
Several magnets in the fragment separator region are exposed to
unprecedented radiation and heat loads.
Courtesy: Zeller, MSU
Radiation resistant
Court
esy: A
l Z
elle
r, F
RIB
/MS
U
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 4 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
Benefits of HTS Magnets Against Large Energy Deposition
Technical Benefits:
HTS magnets provide a large temperature margin.
HTS magnets can withstand large (10 K or more) local
and global increase in temperature.
Economic Benefits:
Removing such large heat loads at 38 K (with HTS) is over
an order of magnitude more efficient than at ~4 K (with LTS).
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 5 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
Radiation Tolerant HTS Magnet Design
• All material used in the magnet can withstand large
radiation loads (10 MGy/year for > 10 years)
• Most parts used are metallic
Turn-to-turn insulation, often the weak-link in the
magnet, is stainless steel
• Experiments performed on 2G HTS at BNL show that it
can withstand these doses Radiation Damage Studies on YBCO by 142 MeV Protons
by G. Greene and W. Sampson at BNL (2007-2008)
0.0
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1.1
0 25 50 75 100 125
Radiation Dose (mA.Hours)
I c (Ir
rad
iate
d)
/ I c
(O
rig
inal)
SuperPower Sample#1
SuperPower Sample#2
SuperPower Average
ASC Sample#1
ASC Sample#2
ASC Average
100 mA.hr dose is ~ 3.4 X 1017
protons/cm2 (current and dose scale linearly)
Ic Measurements at 77 K, self field
Ic of all original (before irradiation) was ~100 Amp
Ramesh Gupta, BNL 3/2008
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Ic(m
in),
Ic(m
ax),
Am
p
Dose (mA-hours)
Ic Measurements of SuperPower and ASC at 77K in field of 1T
Imin(SP)
Imax(SP)
Imin(ASC)Imax(ASC)
HTS Quad is now the baseline design of FRIB FS
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 6 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
First Generation Design
• Short model built with ~5 km of ~4 mm wide
first generation (1G) HTS tape from ASC
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 7 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
77 K Test of Coils Made with ASC 1st Generation HTS
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Coil No.
Cu
rre
nt
(@0
.1 m
V/c
m) Single Coil Test
Double Coil Test
Note: A uniformity in performance of a large number of HTS coils
13 Coils made HTS tape in year #1 12 coils with HTS tape in year #2
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Double Coil Test
Coil No.
Each single coil uses ~200 meter of tape
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 8 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
6 feet
1.3 m
Warm Iron Design to Reduce Heat Load
1st Generation HTS Quad
Mirror Iron
Return YokeIron Pole
HTS Coils
in Structure
Mirror cold iron
Mirror warm iron
Three magnet structures, built and tested
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 9 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
Summary of First Generation HTS Quad Tests
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Tempratue (K)
Cu
rren
t @
0.1
mV
/cm
(A
)
Two Coils
Four Coils
Six Coils
Twelve Coils
Operation over a large temperature range- only possible with HTS
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 10 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
Second Generation Design
• Full size model built with 12 mm wide 2G tape from
two vendors (SuperPower and ASC)
~9 km equivalent of 4 mm tape
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 11 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
Magnet Design
• Warm iron magnet design to reduce heat loads
• 12 mm ReBCO (2G) HTS Tape from two vendors
• Designed for remote/robotic replacement of coil
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 12 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
Para
mete
r List
of t
he
Seco
nd G
ene
ration
Design
Parameter Value
Pole Radius 110 mm
Design Gradient 15 T/m
Magnetic Length 600 mm
Coil Overall Length 680 mm
Yoke Length 546 mm
Yoke Outer Diameter 720 mm
Overall Magnet Length ~880 mm
HTS Conductor Type Second Generation (2G)
Conductor Vendors Two (SuperPower and ASC)
Conductor width, SP 12.1 mm ± 0.1 mm
Conductor thickness, SP 0.1 mm ± 0.015 mm
Cu stabilizer thickness SP ~0.04 mm
Conductor width, ASC 12.1 mm ± 0.2 mm
Conductor thickness, ASC 0.28 mm ± 0.02 mm
Cu stabilizer thickness ASC ~0.1 mm
Stainless Steel Insulation Size 12.4 mm X 0.025 mm
Number of Coils 8 (4 with SP and 4 with ASC)
Coil Width (for each layer) 12.5 mm
Coil Height (small, large) 27 mm (SP), 40 mm (ASC)
Number of Turns (nominal) 220 (SP), 125 (ASC)
Field parallel @design (maximum) ~1.9 T
Field perpendicular @design (max) ~1.6 T
Minimum Ic @2T, 40 K (spec) 400 A (in any direction)
Minimum Ic @2T, 50 K (expected) 280 A (in any direction)
Operating Current (2 power supplies) ~210 A (SP), ~310 (ASC)
Stored Energy ~40 kJ
Inductance 0.45 H (SP), ~1.2 (ASC)
Operating Temperature ~38 K (nominal)
Design Heat Load on HTS coils 5 kW/m3
220 mm
15 T/m
38 K
12 mm 2G
SuperPower
and ASC
8 HTS coils
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 13 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
Winding with Computer Controlled Universal Coil Winder
4 coils made with ASC:
~210 m double sided
(420 m HTS per coil)
~2x125 turns
4 coils made with SP:
~330 m per coil
~213 turns
Note: This is a 12 mm tape
(3X the standard 4 mm)
(~9 km of standard 4 mm equivalent used)
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 14 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
SuperPower
(4 pancakes)
Coils Made with HTS from 2 Vendors (SuperPower and ASC)
ASC
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 15 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
FRIB HTS Quad in Simple Cryostat
77 K tests of
HTS coils
with LN2
provide a
useful QA
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 16 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
Performance of FRIB Coils @77 K (4 made with SuperPower and 4 with ASC)
Ic defined at 0.1 mV/cm
Actual current is coils made with double HTS from ASC HTS was twice
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 17 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
Completed 2G HTS Quad for FRIB
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 18 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
Lower Temperature
Tests with Helium
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 19 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
Large Temperature Margins (only possible with HTS)
Provides robust operation against local and global heat loads
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 20 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
Advanced Quench Protection Electronics
Detects onset of pre-quench voltage at < 1mV and with
isolation voltage > 1kV allows fast energy extraction
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 21 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
Protection of HTS Magnet During an Operational Accident Near Design Current
175A
185A Design: 210 A in SP Coils
Ringing in power supply
made situation worse
90mV
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 22 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
Snap Shot of the Event (Quench?) that Triggered the Shut-off
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Vo
ltag
e (m
V)
Time (msec)
P-R, SP#1
S-T, SP#2
SP#1-SP#2
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91
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Vo
ltag
e (m
V)
Time (msec)
P-R, SP#1
S-T, SP#2
SP#1-SP#2
7 per. Mov. Avg. (SP#1-SP#2)
Fast data logger:
One point/msec
Large inductive voltage in
individual coils (ramp)
Small quench detection
threshold (2 mV) kept during
the ramp by monitoring
difference voltage
Diff
voltage
No degradation in coil performance after the event
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 23 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
-100
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12:04:19 PM 12:05:02 PM 12:05:46 PM 12:06:29 PM 12:07:12 PM 12:07:55 PM 12:08:38 PM 12:09:22 PM 12:10:05 PM 12:10:48 PM 12:11:31 PM
Cur PS 2
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6
12:04:19 PM 12:05:02 PM 12:05:46 PM 12:06:29 PM 12:07:12 PM 12:07:55 PM 12:08:38 PM 12:09:22 PM 12:10:05 PM 12:10:48 PM 12:11:31 PM
-600
-500
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12:04:19 PM 12:05:02 PM 12:05:46 PM 12:06:29 PM 12:07:12 PM 12:07:55 PM 12:08:38 PM 12:09:22 PM 12:10:05 PM 12:10:48 PM 12:11:31 PM
Event (Quench?) while ASC Coils were held at 382 A (design: 310 A) at ~50 K (design: 38 K)
Cu
rren
t (A
) C
oil
Vo
ltag
es
(m
V)
Zo
om
Slow logger:
One point/sec
Shut-off
Shut-off
Events prior
to Shut-off
Co
il V
olt
ag
es
(m
V)
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 24 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
Snap Shot of the Event in ASC Coils (individual and difference voltages)
-40
-20
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60
80
100
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13
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25
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43
49
55
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91
97
Vo
ltag
e (m
V)
Time (msec)
B-C, ACS-4
D-E, ACS-1
ASC1-ASC4
Dif
fere
nce V
olt
ag
e
Fast data logger
One point/msec
Shut-off • This and previous event appear to be the sign of flux jump
• This exceeded quench threshold, triggered shutoff & energy extraction
Event at (a)12 K
above the design
temperature and
(b) at 24% above
design current
No degradation in coil performance observed
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 25 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
Operation Well Beyond the Quench Detection Threshold Voltage (~ mV)
Operated at about two order of magnitude beyond the quench
detection threshold. No degradation in coil performance observed.
Test te
mpera
ture
: ~
67 K
(A
SC
to
15
0 A
mp
; S
P t
o 1
00
A)
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 26 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
http://science.energy.gov/np/highlights/2013/np-2013-08-a/
Spinoff of FRIB HTS Magnet Technology
SMES magnet was also tested at about
the FRIB design operating temperature
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 27 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
Summary • A decade of R&D has developed medium field HTS magnet
technology to a level that it can be considered in a real machine.
• FRIB could be the 1st major accelerator with HTS magnets
playing a crucial role - a unique solution to unprecedented energy
deposition and radiation loads.
• A variety of tests have shown that the technology (including
quench protection) can withstand several failure mode scansions
well beyond the normal operating conditions.
• This demonstration is a major development in magnet technology.
This provides a good base for other applications of HTS magnets.
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 28 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
Extra Slides
Superconducting Magnet Division
HTS Quadrupole for FRIB Ramesh Gupta , …, BNL, Al Zeller, FRIB Slide No. 29 ASC2014 August 11, 2014
Major Topics NOT Covered due to Lack of Time
• Details of magnet design
• Details of magnet constructions
• Several other magnet tests
• Quench protection
• Energy deposition experiments
• Radiation damage experiments