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India is a land where every corner is evident with the
greatness of art and craft. It is a land that reflects a
love for colour, an eye for details and form and the innately
artistic personality of the people of India. Craft is an
expression of the human spirit in material form, which
gives delight to mankind. Of all the art-craft of India hand
spun and hand woven textiles are probably the oldest
(Mehta, 1960; Hatanaka, 1993).
In woven textile craft, one of the famous craft is rug
or durrie weaving handicraft. Woven rugs are made by
interweaving weft and warp. A rug usually comes in two
varieties, one that is used on the bed instead of mattress
or below the thin cotton mattress and the other which is
used as a floor covering. The former variety, smaller in
sizes, is made on a pit-loom while the later is made on an
elementary loom called adda. Rugs are usually woven in
India with either cotton or woolen yarns
In today’s fast changing fashion rugs are also
coming in various types with new techniques and designs,
to suit the rapidly growing need of the market. An
attempt has been made to make new type of rug for the
Indian local market. One such type of rug is the screen
printed rug. It is originally made by printing the motifs
or designs on the surface of the woven rugs with the
help of screens.
The art of rug making can be given a new face using
paper folding and cutting motifs on them with the help of
screen printing. A paper folding and cutting motif is an
art used by Chinese people. These people used to cut
HIND INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ABSTRACTThe present study was aimed to know the origin and history of rug and screen printing, creating 30
rug designs and weaving and printing of selected rug. Most preferred designs were taken for
designing of rugs. Different colour combinations were made following the colour forecast for fall/
winter 2011/12 and evaluation was done. 30 designs of rugs were created with the help of computer
software Coral Draw and Adobe Photoshop. Designs were evaluated and the most preferred design
was selected for weaving and printing. Pre-testing of the sample to check the colour-fastness to
washing and crocking was done in laboratory. The printed rug was shown to leading shopkeepers of
Chandigarh and Panchkula to study the market acceptability. The responses were very encouraging,
overwhelming and positive and it was appreciated by everyone.
Designing of rugs with paper folding and cutting motifs using screen printing
SIMAR PRABH KAUR AND HEMA BISHT
See end of the paper for
authors’ affiliations
Correspondence to:
SIMAR PRABH KAUR
Department of Clothing and
Textiles, Govt. Home Science
College, CHANDIGARH
(U.T.) INDIA
simarprabhkaur@gmail.com
KEY WORDS : Designing, Evaluation, Weaving, Printing, Market acceptability
animals, flowers and figures in the paper with a pairs of
scissors or a knife mainly to decorate their doors and
windows. These motifs have special significance at
festivals and on holidays as it is believed that they bring
good luck so here an attempt has been made to create
unique patterns using paper folding and cutting motifs for
rug designing.
Limitations:
– Only cotton yarns were used for rug weaving.
– The size of rug was limited to 3 feet x 5 feet.
– Most preferred design was woven and printed.
A great numbers of studies have been done related
to present study. Researchers got inspired after studying
these research works and moulded their inspiration to
create designs. The related studies are as follows:
Jain (1993) did a study on chindi durries of Fatehpur
Sikri, with a view to study the origin and development of
chindi durries, its raw material type of motifs and colours
used. The study was also undertaken to know the annual
turnover and export potential of chindi durries. Sohal
(1994) conducted a study regarding the evaluation of
indigenous method of screen printing using pigment dye
and rapid fast colour on cotton fabric, Shivani (2008) did
a study on the designing of dining sheets using foil printing
inspired from Persian motifs. The aim of the study was
to know the Persian motifs and creating 30 designs for
dining sheets by combining them with the help of CAD.
Kalia (2008) did a study on designing of ladies Kurta
How to cite this paper: Kaur, Simar Prabh and Bisht, Hema (2011). Designing of rugs with paper
folding and cutting motifs using screen printing. Asian J. Home Sci., 6 (2) : 240-245.
Article chronicle: Received: 22.08.2011; Revised: 30.09.2011; Accepted: 15.11.2011
Research Paper Volume 6 Issue 2 :240-245Asian Journal of Home Science December, 2011
HIND INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYAsian J. Home Sci. |||| Dec., 2011 |||| Vol. 6 | | | | Issue 2 241
inspired from Hawaiian motifs using stencil printing. The
aim of the study was to modify the motifs into different
shapes and create designs for ladies Kurta using stencil
printing. These motifs were then artistically combined
with fabric to form new styles in Kurtas along with
delicacy, decoration yet comfortable to wear.
Aim and objectives of the study are as: to study the
origin and history of rug and screen printing, to create 30
designs of rugs with the combination of checks and plaids
and paper folding and cutting motifs, to select most
appropriate designs of rug for printing, to screen print the
selected design in the selected colour combination, to test
the colour fastness of the printed rug and to find the market
acceptability of the printed rug.
RESEARCH METHODS
The present study was conducted to use the screen
printing with paper folding and cutting motifs to make
designs suitable for rugs. Various issues of textile
magazines like Textile Trend, Indian Textiles Journals,
Clothesline has been read and material related to screen
printing has been sorted out of reference. Google search
engine has been used to visit var ious websites-
www.whatisscreenprinting.com, www.area-rug-tips.com
etc. survey method was adopted to collect information
regarding yarns used for weaving, colours and pigments
used for screen printing. Survey metssshod was also
adopted to check the market acceptability of screen
printed rugs from 20 shopkeepers of Chandigarh and
Panchkula dealing in furnishing material. Evaluation of
yarns, colour combination and designs were done by ten
experts from the faculty of Home Science college
Chandigarh, 10 students of masters in clothing and textiles
and 10 of Bachelor in Fashion designing because of their
knowledge of textile designing as well as good aesthetic
sense. The data were then analyzed out of the recorded
responses.
RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
The main aim of the study was designing of rugs
with paper folding and cutting motifs using screen printing.
30 designs were developed using paper folding and cutting
motifs and checks and plaids.
Selection of motifs:
For designing of rugs, motifs were picked from a
research done on “Creation of various design through
Paper folding and cutting techniques for textile printing”.
For this, the selected motifs were made by the investigator
with paper using the paper folding and cutting techniques.
SIMAR PRABH KAUR AND HEMA BISHT
Table 1 : Selection of colour combination on the basis of
ranks given by judges
Sr.
No. Colours
Marks out
of 300 Ranks
1. Colour combination no.1 65 3
2. Colour combination no.2 37 9
3. Colour combination no.3 57 6
4. Colour combination no.4 60 4
5. Colour combination no.5 59 5
6. Colour combination no.6 86 1
7. Colour combination no.7 34 10
8. Colour combination no.8 45 7
9. Colour combination no.9 69 2
10. Colour combination no.10 38 8
Table 2 : Evaluation of design on the basis of ranks given by
the judges
Design no Marks out of 900 Ranks
2 534 7
4 529 9
5 560 3
6 554 4
7 433 21
8 579 2
12 537 6
16 532 8
22 545 5
26 523 10
27 611 1
Table 4: Result of colour-fastness to crocking
Dry crocking Wet crocking Sr.
No. Colour change Staining Colour change Staining
1. 5 5 3 2
2. 5 5 3 2
3. 5 5 3/4 2/3
4. 5 5 3 2
5. 5 5 3/4 2/3
Table 3 : Result of colour-fastness to washing
Sr. No. Colour change Staining
1. 5 5
2. 5 5
3. 5 5
4. 5 5
5. 5 5
After that investigators scanned the motifs by using input
device A-4 size flat bed scanner with their corresponding
motifs numbers.
HIND INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYAsian J. Home Sci. |||| Dec., 2011 |||| Vol. 6 | | | | Issue 2 242
Motif No. 1
Motif No. 2
Motif No. 3
Motif No. 4
Motif No. 5
Motif No. 6
Motif No. 7
Motif No. 8
Motif No. 9
Motif No. 10
Fig. 1: Paper cutting motifs with its sub-part
DESIGNING OF RUGS WITH PAPER FOLDING & CUTTING MOTIFS USING SCREEN PRINTING
HIND INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYAsian J. Home Sci. |||| Dec., 2011 |||| Vol. 6 | | | | Issue 2 243
Selection of colours:
For selection of colours for rugs designing colour
forcast for fall/winter 2011/12 was referred. Ten colour
combinations were made following the colour forecast.
These colour combination were evaluated by ten experts
from the Faculty of Clothing and Textiles, Govt. Home
Science College who had the knowledge of textile
designing for the selection of one best combination.
Development of 30 rug designs:
Using the paper folding and cutting motifs, 30
designs were made with the help of computer software
Coral Draw and Adobe Photoshop. The selected motifs
were made with paper by using paper folding and cutting
techniques and then scanned and saved on the
computer’s hard disk with their corresponding motifs
number.
This involved the following main steps:
A total of 30 base designs of rugs were created (in
selected colour combination) using checks and plaids in
different ways with the help of computer software Coral
Draw.
Fig. 2: Selection of colour combination on the basis of ranks given by judges
Colour forecast for Fall/Winter 2011-2012 Colour combinations according to colour forecast for the
selection of colours for Rugs designing
– The base design made on coral drawn was exported
by clicking on file to open in Photoshop.
– Then the scanned motifs and base image was opened
in Photoshop. From the scanned motifs, the required
area of the motif was selected by using the magic
tool and coloured with the help of colour bucket. By
using move tools, it was transferred on to the base
design.
– Sizes of the motifs were adjusted according to the
base design sub part of the cutout design and more
than two cutout designs were used. The created
designs were saved in new file. 30 designs were
created by combining the base design and scanned
motifs.
Evaluation of design:
The 30 rug designs were then evaluated by a panel
of judges who had the knowledge of textile designing to
select the best design.
Results of colour-fastness:
The pretesting of the sample to check colour fastness
to washing and crocking was done in laboratory. The
degree of color change and staining were evaluated
against grey scale. The printed samples showed good
result during washing and dry crocking but poor fastness
(in staining) during wet crocking.
Costing of the printed rug:
Before checking the marketability of the printed rug,
the cost of the rug was estimated, after adding costs of
cotton yarn, printed material and labour charges, the
estimated cost of printed rug was Rs.295/-
Table 5: Costing of the printed Rug
Sr.
No. Particulars Cost in rupees
1. Dyed cotton yarns required for one
rug of size 3 feet x 5 feet (1800gm)
180
2. Printed material required for one rug
of size 3 feet x 5 feet (binder, fixer,
emulsifier etc.)
50
3. Labour charges 65
Total 295
SIMAR PRABH KAUR AND HEMA BISHT
HIND INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYAsian J. Home Sci. |||| Dec., 2011 |||| Vol. 6 | | | | Issue 2 244
Market acceptability of printed rug:
A market survey was conducted to see the market
acceptability of the printed rug. The designing of printed
rug was greatly appreciated by all the shopkeepers.
They found printed rug unique and good in quality.
According to the majority of the shopkeepers, the
quoted price was reasonable and they found it perfect
for selling.
Conclusion:
Man is inherently creative and seeks means to
express it in his day-to-day life. Thus, all items of use
become medium of expression for his creativity. In today’s
world it is not only the fabric that spells elegance but
design or motifs also counts. The design is of basic
importance in any human expression and material
production as it is the design that gives identity to an object.
Keeping the requirement of present consumers in mind,
the designers of today are putting their talents to use, by
offering a wide range of design from different sources
such as nature, civilizations, architecture, sculpture etc.
In the long run to meet the ever increasing demand
of people, many new techniques and methods in printing
are emerging in the world of textile. This rich treasure
will give new shape to the textile handicraft art by
making society aware of the rich heritage of our old
civilization.
Hence, to conclude, the execution of this study
revealed that the charm of paper cutting motifs has
unfolded several possibilities, paving the way to the
discovery of wide range of designs. And the application
of screen printing has provided a new look to the
ornamentation of textiles.
Significance:
The study therefore reflects the fact that the real
art and craft knows no confirmed bound. Art and craft
always confront man with concrete facts taken from life.
It is an ideal depiction of certain phenomenon from the
real world.
So, there is sufficient scope to prepare printed rugs
at a commercial scale and sell them in the market after
adding reasonable profit.
Authors’ affiliations:
HEMA BISHT, Department of Clothing and Textiles, Govt.
Home Science College, CHANDIGARH (U.T.) INDIA
REFERENCESHatanaka, K. (1993). Textile art of India. Kyoto Shoin Co., Ltd.
323 pp.Fig. 3: Rug designs
DESIGNING OF RUGS WITH PAPER FOLDING & CUTTING MOTIFS USING SCREEN PRINTING
HIND INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYAsian J. Home Sci. |||| Dec., 2011 |||| Vol. 6 | | | | Issue 2 245
Mehta, R.J. (1960). Handicraft and industrial arts of India.
D.B Taraporevala Sons and Co. Private Ltd.
Shivani (2008). Designing of dinning sheets using foil printing
inspired from Persian motifs. Master’s Thesis, Punjab
University, CHANDIGARH, U.T. (India).
WEBLIOGRAPHYhttp://www.area-rug-tips.com/history-of-rugs.html
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SIMAR PRABH KAUR AND HEMA BISHT