Post on 14-Apr-2017
transcript
NEWER VACCINE
SPECIAL THANKS TO:-
Dr. Bhagat Baghel Dr. K. Vishvanadhan Dr. Anurup Sahu Dr. D.R. Mandavi Dr. Maninder Singh Dr. Nandlaal Kanwar
INDEX1.IPV2.PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINE3.MENNINIGOCOCCAL VACCINE4.VARICELLA VACCINE5.HEPATITIS A VACCINE
Introduction of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine
PRESENTED BY:-DHANPAL SINGH
“SALK VACCINE”INACTIVATED POLIO VACCINE
IPV was developed by Dr. Jonas Salk in 1955 It is injectable vaccine and is available only in
trivalent form It consists of inactivated (formalin killed)
strains of all three types of polioviruses(Type 1,2,3- 40D,8D,32D antigen unit).
It provides excellent humoral immunity but no mucosal intestinal immunity
It is highly effective in preventing paralytic disease
In the event of infection, the antibodies produced by IPV prevent the spread of virus to CNS and protect against paralysis.
Studies in India shows that IPV given to OPV primed children boosts the mucosal intestinal immunity.
No risk of VAPP and VDPV IPV may contain formaldehyde, and traces of
streptomycin, neomycin or polymyxin B. Some formulations of IPV may contain 2-phenoxyethanol(0.5%)
IPV is freeze and heat sensitive vaccine. Stored at 2-8°C in the basket of ILR.
Liquid vaccine, no reconstitution is required Dose 0.5ml It reduces quantity and duration of virus
shedding in stool samples, which may contribute to a reduction in transmission
IPV is one of the safest vaccine in use
IPV is not recommended for routine use in Polio-endemic countries or in developing countries at risk of poliovirus importations.
Polio eradication & endgame strategic Plan 2013-2018
The Plan differs from previous eradication plans because it addresses paralytic cases associated with both wild polioviruses and
vaccine-derived poliovirus/VAPP
Goal: complete the eradication & containment of all wild, vaccine-related and Sabin polioviruses.
refers to wild virus
Eradication Endgamerefers to
management of VDPVs and
VAPP
The Plan has Four Objectives• Detect and interrupt all poliovirus
transmission.1• Strengthen immunization systems,
introduce inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and withdraw oral polio vaccines (OPV).
2• Contain poliovirus and certify
interruption of transmission.3• To plan how to utilize the legacy of
the fight against polio.4
Three distinct steps of polio endgame strategy
Introduce atleast one dose of IPV in RI
Switch tOPV to bOPV
Withdraw bOPV & routine OPV useBefore
end 2015
2016
2019-2020
On going strengthening of routine immunization
Rational For The Introduction Of IPV
Primary purpose of introducing IPV into routine immunization is to boost population immunity against Type 2 poliovirus during & after the planned global withdrawal of OPV2 and switch from tOPV to bOPV
It will also facilitate the interruption of transmission with the use of monovalent OPV type2 in the case of outbreaks
To boost both humoral & mucosal immunity against poliovirus Type 1&3, which will also hasten the eradication of these WPVs
Mitigate the risk of emergence & transmission of cVDPV
IPV is not replacing OPV
It is a pre-requisite for tOPV to bOPV
switch
Why withdraw OPV Type2 ORWhy switch from tOPV to bOPV
Thus, need to remove OPV2, but need to maintain
population immunity against type 2 with IPV prior to OPV2 cessation
Type 2 wild poliovirus apparently eradicated since 1999 (last case detected in Aligarh, India)
New diagnostics and experience suggest that type 2 polio vaccine causes >95% of VDPVs
Type 2 causes approximately 40% of VAPP today Type 2 component of OPV interferes with immune
response to types 1 and types 3
Risks of OPV2 far outweigh the benefits
Thus, SAGE recommends a single dose of IPV at 14 weeks or first contact afterwards, or with DTP3/OPV3/OPV4, in the EPI schedule
The immune response to one dose of IPV is substantially higher against Type 2 poliovirus (63%) when administered at 4 months of age compared to 6 weeks to 2 months of age (32%-39%).
Rational for introducing single dose of IPV at 14 weeks
The immune response to IPV varies based on the number of doses (higher with more doses) and the age at vaccination (higher with delayed immunization). 3 doses: ~100% against all 3 serotypes 2 doses: ~90% against all 3 serotypes, when
given >8 weeks of age 1 dose: ~19%-46% against Type 1, 32%-
63% against Type 2, and 28%-54% against Type 3 poliovirus.
Why IPV not later than 14 weeks
The purpose of IPV is to give infants protection against type 2 VDPVs after tOPV-bOPV switch
This IPV dose will be the only protection an infant will receive against type 2 poliovirus
So vaccinating after 14 weeks will leave child unprotected for a longer period of time
CONTRATINDICATIONS Documented or known allergy to
Streptomycin, Neomycin or Polymyxin B
History of allergic reaction following a previous injection of IPV
Site For Injection
Right upper arm:- Measles
Anterolateral aspect of right mid thigh:- IPV
Left upper arm:- BCG, JE
Anterolateral aspect of left mid thigh:-Pentavac or DPT, HepB
IPV Key Messages for Community Children are still at risk of polio till it is not
eradicated from the world
Just one dose of IPV with the third dose of OPV to your child in routine immunization at 14 weeks of age gives additional protection against polio
IPV is available free of cost at RI session site
THANK YOU!