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Credit: CDC Visualization of American Diabetic Population (2005) http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/DDT_STRS2/NationalDiabetesPrevalenceEstimates.aspx
Credit: International Diabetes Foundation Visualization of Increase of Diabetes in Childrenhttp://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas/5e/diabetes-in-the-young
Background5% to 10% of the Diabetic community suffer from type 1 Diabetes.
26 million Americans with diabetes (8% of the population)
85% of people with Diabetes type 1 are adults.
Diabetes type 1 in children is expected to increase by 3% per year worldwide.
Diabetes has been known since antiquity but its pathogenesis was discovered in 1921.
Background ContinuedCaucasians are statistically more prone to Diabetes than African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans.
Familial history of diabetes increase likelihood of the disease.
First written description of diabetes appears on a 1500 BCE Egyptian manuscript
Symptoms
Dehydration Fatigue Blurry vision Polyphagia
Polyuria Dry skin Hyperventilation Nausea
Dramatic weight loss
Tingling sensation in
feet
Diagnostic Procedure
Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis
Glucometer; higher than 200mg/dl
Fasting plasma
glucose test; >126mg/dL
(FPG) Oral glucose tolerance
test; >200mg/dL
(OGTT)
Mechanism
Glucose is prevented from entering cell.
Destruction of Pancreatic beta cells which secrete insulin.
Autoimmune
disorder
Causes Hyperglycemia
Credit: User Meiquerhttp://www.idf.org/commons/8/8c/Insulin_glucose_metabolism.jpg
Treatment
Avoid alcohol and cigarettes. Change in diet. Physical activity.
Insulin replacement therapy by injection or
insulin pump.
Credit:Istockphotohttp://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20390441_2,00.html
ResearchUniversity of North Carolina School of Medicine.
Published June 29, 2012.
Antibodies specific for CD4/CD8.
Blood sugar returns to normal after 48 hours.
After 5 days, 80% of mice in remission..
Observed effect: Increase in regulatory T-cells.
https://dokuwiki.noctrl.edu/doku.php?id=bio:440:antigen_recognition_-_group_2
Citations Costanzo, Linda S.. Physiology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier, 2010. Print. Miller, Michael . "Increasing Diabetes Rate and Awareness in US | Health Policy and
Communications." Health Policy and Communications | Health Policy Consulting and Writing to Improve Quality, Reduce Costs, and Increase Value in US Healthcare. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2012. <http://www.healthpolcom.com/blog/2008/06/25/increasing-diabetes-rate-and-awareness-in-us/>.
"Diabetes in the young | International Diabetes Federation." International Diabetes Federation. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2012. <http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas/5e/diabetes-in-the-young>.
"Diabetes Statistics - American Diabetes Association." American Diabetes Association Home Page - American Diabetes Association. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2012. <http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-statistics/>.
"What Are The Warning Signs Of Diabetes?." MamasHealth.com: simple, easy to understand information about health. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2012. <http://www.mamashealth.com/diabetes/di
"National Diabetes Statistics, 2011 - National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse." National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2012. <http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/sta
University of North Carolina School of Medicine (2012, July 5). Antibodies reverse type 1 diabetes in new immunotherapy animal study