Digestive system

End Products of Digestion

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

End Products of Digestion

• Proteins Amino acids(used to make your own proteins)

• Carbohydrates Simple sugars (used by the mitochondria for energy) 1gram= 4Calories

• Lipids Fatty acids & glycerol (used for cell membranes, energy protection) 1gram= 9Calories

Trail Mix

DIGESTION

• The Acts of digestion requires:– mechanical means that increase the surface

area &– Chemicals such as ENZYMES, HCL, sodium

bicarbonate and water.

Digestion begin in the mouth

• Teeth –Mechanical digestion increase the surface area for enzymes to work upon.

• Chemical digestion- Saliva contains a salivary amylase which breaks down starch to maltose (disaccharide )

Mouth Ulcer

Epiglottis

Name the organs

1

8

5

4 2

10

7

6

3

9

11

Welcome to the esophagus

• Bolus-ball of food• Peristalsis- waved-

like contractions of smooth muscle: forces food along the digestive tract

• Esophagus= 25cm

Stomach

• Food holder• Secretions result from:

– Nerve action (brain)– Food contact w/ stomach– Hormone-gastrin

• Pepsin & HCL-break proteins into polypeptides chains– HCl kills bacteria– PH (acid) activates pepsin PH1-3– HCl dissolves mineralsCHYME-

Heartburn

Gastric Ulcer

Bleeding Ulcer

Toothbrush in stomach after 2 years : 30 year old female

Liver / Gall bladder

• 4 lbs• Produces Bile-

emulsification of fats (Physical)

• Contains no digestive enzymes!!!

• Large globs to small globs to increase the surface area

• Gall Bladder stores some bile.

Laparoscopic Gall Bladder removal

Pancreas

• Secretes 1st set of digestive enzymes

• Proteases, amylases and lipases

• Produces sodium bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid –PH -6—

Duodenum

Villi and glandular tissue of the duodenum

Intestinal glands

• Wall of the intestine secrete 2nd set of digestive enzymes (Proteases, amylases and lipases) completes digestion

• Amylases-maltase, surcease, .

• Secretion-hormone stimulates glands to secrete

Small Intestine

• Diffusion -22 ft long• Increase folds• Villi / microvilli• Thin membranes• Muscular contractions

Large Intestine

• No digestion of food• 1-Absorption of water• 2-Bacterial action –

production of vitamin K for proper blood clotting

• Rate of waste flow– Fast—Diarrhea– Slow– Constipation

Need fiber (cellulose) to clean the colon and possibly prevent polyps

Lap colon

Fecal transplantation

Tube pH Mass of Precipitate

(mg)123456

468101214

2.82.52.02.32.62.9

Application Trypsin -Protease

Application questions

• Medication for five days 7 6 5 4 3   Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5

PH of the stomach

Polyp on intestine wall

Large Intestine & contraction