Post on 09-Sep-2020
transcript
I R I S S H A C H A R - L A V I E
DIGITAL NATIVES: NVR , INTERNET USE AND OVERUSE
Digital Natives & Digital Immigrants Iris Shachar - Lavie March 2012
LECTURE HIGHLIGHTS:
1. Challenges to parental authority in the
digital age and the New Authority theory:
Digital Natives and Immigrants
2. An NVR intervention program for computer
overuse (‘internet addiction’)
2
Digital Natives & Digital Immigrants Iris Shachar - Lavie March 2012
DIGITAL NATIVES – THE CONCEPT:
• A new, “born digital” generation*:
• Communication patterns & Relationships
• Cognitive skills
• Private VS. Public
• Who are the digital immigrants?
3 * Palfrey, John; Gasser, Urs (2008). Born Digital:
Understanding the First Generation of Digital Natives. Basic
Books
Digital Natives & Digital Immigrants Iris Shachar - Lavie March 2012
THE DIGITAL REVOLUTION:
2000
350 Million (internet users)
2002
550 Million
2004
800 Million
2006
1,000 Million
2008
1,500 Million
2010
2,000 Million
Digital Natives & Digital Immigrants Iris Shachar - Lavie March 2012
DIGITAL IMMIGRANTS – THE CONCEPT:
• The new family paradigm –
a. Children are the parents’ link to the digital culture
b. Physical proximity vs. cultural distance
c. Emerging technological means to supervise and control, raise important questions regarding parental monitoring
practices
Digital Natives & Digital Immigrants Iris Shachar - Lavie March 2012
CHALLENGES TO PARENTAL AUTHORITY:
Knowledge
Privacy
The “Media Tsunami”
Where to draw the parental line? 6
Digital Natives & Digital Immigrants Iris Shachar - Lavie March 2012
DIGITAL IMMIGRANTS: KNOWLEDGE
• Can I supervise without the technological
knowledge? Will I be embarrassed by my lack of
knowledge?
• New Authority's reply: Knowledge is no longer the
basis for Authority…. This is emphasized by the
internet more than ever!
Helping parents accompany their children in
cyberspace without the technological know how.
Digital Natives & Digital Immigrants Iris Shachar - Lavie March 2012
DIGITAL IMMIGRANTS: PRIVACY
• Should I spy? Use spy software? Are the child’s
correspondences private at all time?
• New Authority's reply: Vigilant care is visible to the
child. It announces its presence. The internet makes
it impossible to rely on spying anyway…
Helping parents make the transition from supervising
through technology to a parental involvement
about technology use.
Digital Natives & Digital Immigrants Iris Shachar - Lavie March 2012
DIGITAL IMMIGRANTS:
9
*(Lemish & Reevak, 2008)
86%
68% 64%
71%
65% 61%
30%
18% 22%
27% 30%
10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
asks the child
what is he doing
looks at the
screen every
now and then
helps the childsurf the net
togtether with
the child
stays in the
same room
gets angry
about the child's
internet use
What does the parent do when the child uses the internet*?
Parent
Child
Digital Natives & Digital Immigrants Iris Shachar - Lavie March 2012
DIGITAL IMMIGRANTS: “MEDIA TSUNAMI”
• How can I control and block unwanted content
and negative effects of the media?
• New Authority's reply: To protect from such powerful
forces, the ‘anchoring function’ becomes even
more salient.
Helping parents feel the legitimacy and necessity to
anchor themselves in a parental stance regarding
internet use.
Digital Natives & Digital Immigrants Iris Shachar - Lavie March 2012
DIGITAL IMMIGRANTS: WHAT IS ‘NORMAL’ INTERNET USE?
• How many hours of internet use are ‘too much’? Is
the internet damaging? Do computer games
encourage violence?
Will I EVER know???
• New Authority's reply: A parental action or a dialog
is more important than the answers to the questions
above. Trying to answer them may lead to a
paralyzing uncertainty
Digital Natives & Digital Immigrants Iris Shachar - Lavie March 2012
INTERNET ADDICTION
• Diagnosis controversy: Is this a disorder in its own
right?
• Beyond the controversy- Parental distress… For our
purposes we designed an intervention without
referring to internet addiction – but rather to the parental distress arising from the child’s internet use.
Digital Natives & Digital Immigrants Iris Shachar - Lavie March 2012
INTERNET ADDICTION NVR INTERVENTION
13
Functional impairment:
• Sleep
• School
• Family conflict
• Family activities
• Social
Digital Natives & Digital Immigrants Iris Shachar - Lavie March 2012
COMPUTER OVERUSE: THE INTERVENTION STRUCTURE
• Initial screening via the phone
• A single meeting at the parents home (1.5 hour), only
the parents were present.
• Leaving a comprehensive booklet on ‘vigilant care’
principles and practical tools.
• 2-6 successive phone calls: support and
maintenance of the tools. Each conversation was
followed by a summarizing e-mail.
Digital Natives & Digital Immigrants Iris Shachar - Lavie March 2012
COMPUTER OVERUSE: INTERVENTIONS’ PRINCIPLES
Raising legitimacy: for parental involvement and action
Reducing demonization of the internet
15
Digital Natives & Digital Immigrants Iris Shachar - Lavie March 2012
COMPUTER OVERUSE: INTERVENTIONS’ PRINCIPLES
• Vigilant Care – adapting the open dialog and
focused questioning to internet use.
• Non violent reduction of “computer time” – as
opposed to complete elimination (Or – how to non
violently turn off the computer).
• Using NVR tools to reinstate “lost activities” (school
attendance).
16
Digital Natives & Digital Immigrants Iris Shachar - Lavie March 2012
COMPUTER OVERUSE: STUDY METHODOLOGY
• 30 families [children’s mean age=12.42 (2.1)]
• Parents answered self report questionnaires during 3
stages:
1. Screening
2. After a 3-week waiting period
3. 3-weeks after the intervention.
We expected NO difference between time 1 and 2,
and a difference between time 2 and 3.
Digital Natives & Digital Immigrants Iris Shachar - Lavie March 2012
COMPUTER OVERUSE – STUDY'S RESULTS: CHILD’S DYSFUNCTION
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Time 1 Time 2 Time 3
Child's Functional
Impairment
** T(1,27)=4.894, P<0.01
**
Digital Natives & Digital Immigrants Iris Shachar - Lavie March 2012
COMPUTER OVERUSE – STUDY’S RESULTS: VIGILANT CARE A
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4
4.1
time 1 time 2 time 3
How much does the
parent know?
** T(1,27)=5.283 , P<0.01
**
Digital Natives & Digital Immigrants Iris Shachar - Lavie March 2012
COMPUTER OVERUSE – STUDY’S RESULTS: VIGILANT CARE B
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6
time 1 time 2 time 3
parenal supervision
("vigilan care")
**
** T(1,27)=3.244, P<0.01
Digital Natives & Digital Immigrants Iris Shachar - Lavie March 2012
DIGITAL NATIVES & IMMIGRANTS – SUMMATION:
• The ‘internet age’ introduces changes in the family
• Parental presence, involvement and supervision in
the child’s media life is crucial –
a challenge that can be met!
THANK YOU :)
I R I S SHACHAR LAVIE // I R I SSHACHAR@GMAIL .COM