Digital Rhetoric Critical Race Theory and Cyberspace J. Santoy Spring 2008.

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Critical Race Theory andCyberspace

J. SantoySpring 2008

Spring 2008 J. Santoy 2

ric Theoretical

Frameworks Critical Race TheoryTheories of Online

6 tenets of CRT• Racism is endemic • Questions objectivity and

neutrality• Insists on contextual and

historical analysis • Acknowledges experience of POC • Interdisciplinary • Seeks to change physical

conditions

pace in

Saco’s Theories

of space created via

the use of digital technologies

Perceived

Conceived

PerceivedRealm of physical

experience produced and reproduced

through spatial practices and

movement

ConceivedRealm of mental

experience constructed as

representations of spaceSeek to order

movement

LivedPassively experienced; realm

of dominated spaces of

representationPossibility for Resistance and Rearticulation

Critical Race Theory

Theories of Online Space

ric Mainstream

Scholarship

Race Digital

Technologies

Digital DivideAccess

Digital Divide

No participation by POC in

Digital Rhetoricwithout access

Digital Divide

ric Academic Search

PremierDD 1477 Economics 252 Gender

60Race 50 Culture 48

430428176

Who has access?

What type?

What factors influence access?

ric What are useful

strategies and programs

toprovide more

access?

ric Concentrate

on Power dynamics

Computer Tech = Power

Who has power?Who is being left out of the power

structure?How? What can we

do about it?

Power Dynamics

Online Spaces

will work to keep

out of

pace in

Useful frame

Saco’s Theories

PerceivedConceived

pace in

Perceived spaces created via spatial

practices

Conceived spaces constructed as representations

Lived spaces dominated spaces of

representation

CRT #1Racism is endemic. Racism is occurring

onlineWhat does

examination of space(s) reveal?

pace in

Perceivedwhat interaction is

happening

understudiedRhetoric of DD

focuses on access not examining those who are

interacting

pace in

ConceivedAccess affects how digital technologies are conceived; the

perspective and experiences of POC not included during

design

pace in

LivedThe ongoing cost of

technological access makes it out

of reach for POC

pace in

perceived

conceived

People of

CRT #2

No objectivity or neutrality.

How is design of space(s) not objective?

pace in

Conceivedrepresentation

constructed does not help POC when they

do get accessthe perspective and experiences of POC not included during

design

ric Use of Digital

Technologies by POC

Already restricted

Design limits the possibilities for

racial representation

Design limitations

Only acknowledges certain identity

constructions.

Design functions to demonstrate

what is privileged

and what is not deemed important.

Check off the box

blackplanet.commigente.com

asian.com

which doesn’t acknowledge the

complex racial and ethnic identities

conceived

People of

pace in

LivedHow are lived

spaces affected?Despite inroads in

access no significant progress

has been made

CRT #4

Acknowledge experience of POC. How can the

perceived and conceived spaces

do this?

pace in

Resistance

a. Education / language / literacyb. Social

i. Networksii. Connections

c. Economici. money ii. material possessionsiii. Property

Digital Divide & rhetoric of deficiency

perceived

Education

LiteracyConnecti

onsMoney

Deficient

NO EducationLiteracy

NetworksMoney

Digital Divide & Cultural Capital

Deficiency modelTeach them

functional literacy skills derived from

dominant definitions of

digital literacy.

CRT #6Seek improvement

of material conditions. How can our

research not support hegemony

and resist deficiency model ?

As POC gain accessand

Use digital technologies

Study rhetorical strategies used and to what ends they

are used

New Framework for Cultural Capital

•Aspirational

•Linguistic•Familial

•Navigational

•Social•Resistant

New Framework• Aspirational maintains hopes

and dreams for the future; despite low outcomes; high expectations

• Linguistic• Familial• Navigational• Social• Resistant

• Aspirational• Linguistic intellectual and social

skills attained through communication, experience in more than one language or style

• Familial• Navigational• Social• Resistant

New Framework

• Aspirational• Linguistic• Familial cultural knowledge nurtured

among family carry sense of common history; commitment to community well being, concept of family more broad

• Navigational• Social• Resistant

New Framework

New Framework• Aspirational• Linguistic• Familial• Navigational skill of maneuvering

through social institutions not created with people of color in mind; social and phychological; critical navigational skills to maneuver though structure of inequity; acknowledges individual agency within institutional constraints and connects to social networks

• Social• Resistant

New Framework• Aspirational• Linguistic• Familial• Navigational• Social: Networks of people and

community resources; provide emotional and instrumental support to navigate through society’s institutions

• Resistant

New Framework• Aspirational• Linguistic• Familial• Navigational• Social• Resistant--Knowledges and skills

fostered through oppositional behavior that challenge inequity; legacy of resistance to subordination

Further Study

• Education– Language, literacy

• Social – Networks

• Economicmoney material possessionsProperty

• Aspirational• Linguistic• Familial• Navigational• Social• Resistant

Digital Rhetoric Critical Race Theory and Cyberspace J. Santoy Spring 2008.

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