Post on 08-Aug-2015
transcript
DIVING RELATED INJURIES
NON-LIFE THREATING
At constant temperature the volume of a flexible container depends upon the
surrounding pressure and the volume is indirectly proportional to the absolute
pressure.P1 V1 = P2 V2
Boyle explains Barotrauma
Mask
Tooth
Stomach
Dry Suit
Ear
Sinus
Squeeze Barotrauma
• Space Characteristics: – Gas Filled – Rigid walls– Enclosed – Vascular Penetration
• Environment– Ambient Pressure Change
Mask SqueezeAKA: Facial Barotrauma
• Failure to equalize Mask Air Space during Descent
• Occurrence: – as shallow as 15 ft.– Typically unexperienced divers– Not with Full Face Masks
• S/Sx: – Injected Sclera– Periorbital Edema – Usually Painless– Usually No Effect on Vision
• Tx: – Time (approx 2 weeks)– ANY pain or VISION problems Optho Eval STAT
OTS Full Fask Mask
Mask TypesVBPD Divers
VBPD Dive Drill – Dredge Ops 18 MAR 2015
Half Mask
Tooth SqueezeAKA: Barodontalgia
• Occurrence– Descent or Ascent – Decay, filling, abscess
• S/Sx:– Pain, throbbing
• What to do:– During Descent
• Tooth ache = Abort Dive
– During Ascent• Fracture or Rupture of tooth• Don’t swallow !
• Tx: – Pain Medication– Dentist
What could change this to a life threat?
• Cause:– Air Flow from Regulators– Swallowed air
• Occurrence:- ASCENT
- S/sx:- Severe Abdominal Cramps and
bloating
- Tx:- Prevention- Extended DECO stop
Stomach Squeeze
Dry Suit Squeeze
Dry Suit Squeeze
VBPD Dive Drill, Dredge Ops, 18 MAR 2015
VBPD Dive Drill, Dredge Ops, 18 MAR 2015
VBPD Dive Drill, Dredge Ops, 18 MAR 2015
Ear Squeeze“Otic Barotrauma”
• Most Common Diving Related Injury• Types
• Middle Ear Squeeze – Descent • Inner Ear Squeeze (Reverse Ear Squeeze) – Ascent
• Occurrence: • Any Depth• Any Time• Any Diver
• S/Sx: • Acute
• Ear Pain• Vertigo• Tinnitis
• Long Term• Can lead to permanent hearing loss
Ear Squeeze“Otic Barotrauma”
• Tx:• Middle Ear Squeeze – Symptomatic• Inner Ear Squeeze
• In addition to Middle Ear Tx • Bed Rest with Elevated Head of Bed• Avoidance of any Valsalva maneuvers
• Stool Softeners• ENT
Anatomy of the Ear
Middle Ear Squeeze
Reverse Ear Squeeze
Ear Squeeze
Injected Tympanic Membrane TEED Scale
What conditions could increase the risk of Ear Squeeze and possibly Ear Drum (Middle Ear) or
Tympanic Membrane (Inner Ear) Rupture?
Diving Distracted
Sinus Squeeze
Other Dive related injures
• Vertigo– Alternobaric Vertigo (ABV) – Caloric Vertigo
• Nitrogen narcosis
VERTIGO
• Function of Inner Ear Balance
Vertigo: Other Types
• Alternobaric Vertigo– Transient– d/t unequal middle ear pressures on ascent
• Caloric Vertigo– Stimulated by cold water in the ear
Nitrogen narcosis
• Deep Dives– 100 ft or more
• Breathing Compressed Air• Resolve during descent
• s/sx• wooziness;• giddiness; • euphoria; • disorientation; • loss of balance;
• loss of manual dexterity; • slowing of reaction time; • fixation of ideas; • and impairment of complex
reasoning.
Carnival Cruise Lines Return to Norfolk Spring 2015