Post on 22-Apr-2015
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DNA barcoding the vascular plant flora of the Canadian Arctic
Jeffery M. Saarela, Lynn J. Gillespie, Laurie L. Consaul, Roger D. Bull, Brianna N. Chouinard, Paul Abraham, Julian R. Starr
Creative Commons: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike licence
Field Work SupportPolar Continental Shelf Program, Natural Resources Canada
Parks CanadaCanadian Museum of NatureNSERCInuvialuit people of the western Canadian Arctic
Barcode Data Paul Hebert, Guelph University, OntarioaMaria Kuzmina & staff at the Canadian Center
for DNA Barcoding (CCDB), Guelph, OntarioGenome CanadaCanadian Museum of Nature
The Canadian Arcticca. 800 vascular plant species
Projected changes in the Arctic climate, 2090
Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA), 2005
Climate change and Arctic vegetationVegetation communities are changing
e.g., shrubs are getting bigger, more densePredicted that some species ranges are likely to expand,
others are likely to contract
Treeline is likely to change, and some plant species are expected to migrate N as temperature increases
A.E. Porsild –1955, 1957, 1980 (w/ Cody)
Plant Species Diversity and Distribution
Floras of the Canadian Arctic
Aiken et al. 2007
Flora of Northern Quebec and Labrador
(in progress – forthcoming 2011?)
We are now in the initial planning stages for a new:
Vascular Plant Flora of the Canadian Arctic
Gillespie, Saarela & collaborators
Prince Patrick I
Baffin I
Banks IMelville I
Cambridge Bay
Victoria Island
20082009
2010
Poster -Consaul et al.
Barcoding the Arctic Flora
Option OnerbcL + matK + trnH-psbA
Option TworbcL + matK
Consortium for the Barcode of Life
Two proposals for an official plant barcode were made
“The Executive Committee therefore concludes that only rbcL and matK areapproved and required barcode regions for land plants. ”
“However, the Executive Committee accepted the review panel's recommendation to reassess the situation in 18 months. The current inability of the proposed plant barcode to resolve more than ~70% of species indicates that improvement in the approach is needed, along with more rbcL and matK data. A reassessment in 18 months would evaluate progress being made on matK primers and sequence assembly techniques for non-coding regions such astrnH-psbA.”
And now ITS2 is contending for barcode status (!)Chen et al. 2010 PLoS ONE
Sedges are everywhere in the Arctic
C. atrofusca C. aquatilis var. minor C. bicolor C. bigelowii subsp. lugens
C. glareosa C. glacialis C. maritima C. garberi
C. nardina C. petricosaC. membranacea C. scirpoidea
C. ursina
Arctic island sedge diversity . . . 40%
Barcoding Arctic Island Sedges (Carex & Kobresia) A Regional Approach to DNA Barcoding
SW Victoria Island, 2008
matK
20 spp.95% success
Le Clerc-Blain et al. 2010, Mol. Ecol. Res.Tested seven plastid regions
- matK was the best
Carex membranacea
Carex saxatalis
Barcoding works for Arctic sedges -- some taxa differ by only a single nucleotide
“As plot moisture continues to increase . . . graminoids (i.e., Eriophorum spp. and Carex spp.) or bryophytes (i.e., Sphagnum spp.) or both become dominant “
- Laidler et al. 2008, Arctic Remote sensing of Arctic vegetation
Applications for Arctic plant barcode data
Added precision in ecological studies…at least for some taxa
Boothia Peninsula, Nunavut
Barcoding can help!
?
Moving forward with barcoding the entire Canadian Arctic flora….
571 specimens & 262 species as of early June, 2010
n t a x = 1 9 4 n c h a r = 1 4 3 1 ;
matK + rbcLindividuals = 194 nucleotides =1431
Barcoding the Arctic Flora
Saxifragaceae
Brassicaceae
Onagraceae
Fabaceae
Salicaceae
Rosaceae
Ericaceae
RanunculaceaePolygonaceae
Asteraceae
Caryophyllaceae
Papaveraceae
Scrophulariaceae
Primulaceae
Poaceae
Cyperaceae
Parnassiaceae
Salix niphoclada
Salix arctica Salix hastata
There is no plastid variation in Salix
matK + rbcL
Salix richardsonii
Cardamine pratensis
Draba cinerea
Draba corymbosa
Parrya arctica
Brassicaceae- mustard family -
Eutrema edwardsii
Descurainia sophioides
Genus-level resolution
Antennaria mediaSymphiotrichum pygmaeum
Taraxacum hyperboreum Taraxacum phymatocarpum
Askellia nana
Artemisia borealis
Asteraceae- sunflower family -
Genus-level resolution
Rhododendron lapponicum
Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Rhododendron tomentosum
Cassiope tetragona
Empetrum nigrum
Arctous rubra
Ericaceae- heath family -
Andromeda polifolia
Genus-level resolution
Caryophyllaceae- pink family -
Genus and some species-level resolution
Orobanchaceae, Plantaginaceae,Lentibulariaceae
Genus and some species-level resolution
ITS variation in Arctic Puccinellia
diploids & polyploids
In most Arctic plant families, current plastid barcode data can clearly and reliably distinguish most genera. Species-level resolution varies.
**BUT – many Arctic genera have only one or a few species, so at a regional level (Arctic) barcoding performs fairly well.
Preliminary Conclusion
Plant DNA barcoding is one more tool for the botanical toolkit.
Usually you need more than one tool to do a job properly.
And it’s always nice to have access to all the tools!