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DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 340 851 CE 059 914
AUTHOR Rodekohr, Sherie; Harris, Clark RichardTITLE Identifying and Selecting Plants for the Landscape.
Volume 23, Number 5.INSTITUTION Missouri Univ., Columbia. Instructional Materials
Lab.
SPONS AGENCY M4ssouri State Dept. of Elementary and SecondaryEducation, Jefferson City. Div. of Vocational andAdult Education.
PUB DATE Dec 90NOTE 133p.; For the Instructor Guide, see En 325 708.AVAILABLE FROM Instructional Materials Laboratory, University of
Missouri, 2316 Industrial Drive, Columbia, MO 65202(order no. 10-2020-S: $7.95).
PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Instructional Materials (ForLearner) (051)
EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS.DESCRIPTORS Adult Education; Botany; *Floriculture; Higher
Education; *Landscaping; Ornamental Horticulture;*Plant Growth; *Plant Identification; Selection;Trees; Turf Management
ABSTRACTThis handbook on identifying and selecting landscape
plants can be used as a reference in landscaping courses or on anindividual basis. The first of two sections, Identifying Plants forthe Landscape, contains the following tables: shade treeidentification; flowering tree identification; evergreen treeidentification; flJwering shrub identification; evergreen shrubidentification; ground cover and vine identification; perennialidentification; and turfgrass identification. For plants listed inthese tables, the following information is provided: common name,botanical name, form, branching habit, growth habit, stem, buds, leafarrangement, venation, type of leaf, leaf shape, margin shape, tipshape, base shape leaf color, bark characteristics, leaf surface,and unique charact3r:is....ics. The second section, Selecting Plants forthe Landscape, contains the following tables: shade tree selection;flowering tree selction; evergreen tree selection; flowering shrubselection; evergreen shrub selection; ground cover and vineselection; perennial selection; and turfgrass selection. For plantsin these tables, some or all of the following information is given:common name, botanical name, height, width, form, growth rate,hardiness zone, use in landscape, texture, leaf color, floweringcolor, length of bloom, fruiting time/type, fertilizer requirements,soil conditions, water requirements, light requirements, temperaturerequirements, transplantability, disease problems, insect problems,pruning method/time, special considerations, life span, and uniquecharacteristics. A list of 23 references is included. (NLA)
********************************V*****************m********************Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
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MISSOURI AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONOfffee of Educational Research and Improvement
EqUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATIONCENTER (ERIC)
cl True document rise been rePrOduCed esreceived Irom the perSOn or orgenitationOriginating it
0 Minor changes hve been made to improvereproduction Cluslity
Points of view or opinions stated in this docu
ment do not necessarily represent officisiOE RI Million or policy
Identifying and Selecting Plantsfor the Landscape
COMMONNAME
TEMPERATUREREQUIREMENTS
TRANSPLANT-ABILITY
DISEASEPROBLEMS
INSECTPROBLEMS
Red Maple tolerates city heatand glare
easy, B & B andbareroot: spring
leaf hoppers
Sugar Maple to zone
River Birch to zone
EuropeanWhite Birch
to zone
Green Ash to zone
HoneyLocust
to zone
In cooperation withAgricultural Education
Department of Practical Artsand Vocational-Technical Education
College of Education and College of AgricultureUniversity of Missouri-Columbia
.,
10-2020-S
"PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THISMATERIAL IN MICROFICHE ONLYHAS BEEN GRANTED BY
TO THE EDUCATIONAL RE 9URCESINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC):'
In cooperation withAgricultural Education Section
Division of Vocational and Adult EducationDepartment of
Elementary and Secondary EducationJefferson City, Missouri
BEST COPY AVAILABLE 3
Available from theInstructional Materials LaboratoryUniversity of Missouri-Columbia
8 London HallColumbia, MO 65211
314-882-2883
The activity which is the subject of this report was supported in whole or in part by funds from the Department of Elementary and SecondaryEducation, Division of Vocational and Adult Education. However, the opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the position or policies
of the Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education or the Division of Vocational and Adult Education, and no officialendorsement should be inferred.
IDENTIFYING AND SELECTING PLANTS FOR THE LANDSCAPE
Writers:Sheie Rodekohr and Clark Richard Harris
Instructional Materials LaboratoryUniversity of Missouri-Columbia
Consulting Editors:Richard Unhardt and Jim Riley
Agricultural EducationUniversity of Missouri-Columbia
Editor and Project Coordinator:Veronica Feilnor
Instructional Materials LaboratoryUniversity of Missouri-Columbia
8 London HallColumbia, Missouri 65211
Volume 23Number 5
Catalog Number 1C-2020-SDecember 1990
7
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Recognition is given to the Landscaping and Turf Managementadvisory committee members for providing their valuable time andsuggestions in developing the outline for the tables. The committeeconsisted of Ralph Ball, Jim Be ills, Harry Bertrand, Stephen Bryant,Jon Ellis, Alan Harrell, Jim Lee, Delbert Lund, Jim MacLean, RichardMcConnell, David Minner, Ramona Schescke, Hubert Shuler, DavidStokely, Leon Snyder, Donald Ward, and Jim Wine.
Appreciation is expressed to the following staff members of theInstructional Materials Laboratory for their efforts in producing thismaterial: Harley Schlichting, Director; Amon Herd, Associate Director;Phyllis Miller, Assistant Director; Dan Stapleton, Assistant Director; andLori Holliday, Word Processor.
Veronica Feilner, Editorand Project Coordinator
Instructional Materials LaboratoryUniversity of Missouri-Columbia
Jim Riley and Richard LinhardtAgricultural EducationUnlversily of Missouri-Columbia
FOREWORD
The Introduction to Landscaping advisory committee suggested thethat these materials be made available as a reference for use by adultsin the class. The olant identification and selection tables weredeveloped based on Missouri conditions.
Thme using this publication on an Individual basis may want to consultwith the local agriculture instructor about additional materials orclasses related to horticulture.
Bob R. Stewart, Professor and CoordinatorAgricultural EducationUn:versity of Missouri-Columbia
Terry Heiman, DirectorAgricultural EducationDepartment of Elementary and
Secondary Education
9
IDENTIFYING AND SELECTING PLANTS FOR THE LANDSCAPE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ill
FOREWORD iii
Identifying Plants for the Landscape
Table 1 - Shade Tree Identification 3
Table 2 - Flowering Tree Identification 9
Table 3 - Evergreen Tree Identification 13
Table 4 - Flowering Shrub Identification 17
Table 5 - Evergreen Shrub Identification 21
Table 6 - Ground Cover and Vine Identification 25
Table 7 - Perennial Identification 29
Table 8 - Turfgrass Identification 33
Selecting Plants for the Landscape
Table 9 - Shade Tree Selection 37
Table 10 - Flowering Tree Selection 41
Table 11 - Evergreen Tree Selection 45
Table 12 - Flowering Shrub Selection 49
Table 13 - Evergreen Shrub Selecticl 53
Table 14 - Ground Cover and Vine Selection 57
Table 15 - Perennial Selection 61
Table 16 - Turfgrass Selection 65
REFERENCES 69
Identifying and Selecting Plants for the Landscape
12
IDENTIFYING PLANTS FOR THE LANDSCAPE
Table 1 - Shade Tree Identification
Table 2 - Flowering Tree Identification
Table 3 - Evergreen Tree Identification
Table 4 - Flowering Shrub Identification
Table 5 - Evergreen Shrub Identification
Table 6 - Ground Cover and Vine Identification
Table 7 - Perennial Identification
Table 8 Turfgrass Identification
1
13
Identifying and Selecting Plants for the Landscape
14
TABLE 1 - SHADE TREE IDENTIFICATION
Acer rubrum - red maple
Acer saccharum - sugar maple
Betula nigra - river birch
Betula pendula European white birch
Fraxinus Pennsylvania - green ash
Gleditsia triacanthos inermis - honey locust
Liquidambar styraciflua - sweet gum
Liriodendron tulipifera - tulip tree
Plantanus occidentalis - sycamore
Quercus oalustris - pin oak
Tilia cordata - littleleaf linden
31 5
Table 1 - Shade Tree identification
COMMONNAME
BOTANICALNAME
FORM BRANCHINGHABIT
GROWTHHABIT
STEM BUDS LEAFARRANGEMENT
VENATION
Red Maple Acer rubrum upright to round ascending upright-spreading
red to green glabrousstems
terminalblunt,scaled, clustered;lateralscales
opposite palmate
Sugar Maple Acer saccharum upright, oval ascending lowbranches, upright-spreading
dense mass,upright torounded
slender, brown stemswith lenticels
terminallong,pointed; lateral1/2 the size ofterminal buds
opposite
,
palmate
River Birch Betula nigra upright, oval,rounded withmaturity
drooping withmaturity
open; multipletrunks
pubescent, glabrous;turning reddish
terminalsmall,1 /5" long,pubescent;reddish-brown;lateralvery small
alternate pinnate
European11iihite Birch
Betula pendula oval graceful,pendulousbranches
single or multi-trunk;pyramidal-young
light tan, turning whitewith irregular, verticalblack markings;glabrous
terminalpointed,curved, brownish-black
alternate pinnate
Green Ash Fraxinuspennsylvanica
round to oval;irregular withmaturity
3-5 mainbranches; dense,upright, upturnedat ends
irregular withage
rounded, stout,glabrous to pubescent;leaf scar looks like asmile; green turninggray
terminaldarkrusty brown;lateralsmallerbuds
.
,opposite pinnate
Honey Locust Gleditisiatriacanthosinermis
-
oval zig zag stems,strong horizontalbranching
openspreading,crown
smooth, reddish-brownzig zag stems
terminalabsent;lateral--small
alternate pinnate
Sweet Gum Liquidambarstyracifhia
oval toirregualar
spreading dense cciky ridges on darkbrown stems
terminal-1/4 to1/2" long, large,imbricate; reddish-brown; lateral--smaller
alternate palmate
Tulip Tree Liriodendrontulipifera
oval high branched,spreading
massive aromatic when broken;green to reddish brown
terminal-1/2"long, looks likeducks bill;greenish toreddish-brown;lateral--very small
alternate pinnate
4
161 7
Table 1 - Shade Tree Identification continued
TYPE OF LEAF LEAF SHAPE MARGIN SHAPE TIP SHAPE BASE SHAPE LEAF COLOR BARK CHARACrTERISTICS
LEAFSURFACE
UNIQUE CHAR-ACTERISTICS
simple; 2-5" long orbicular, 3-5lobed
triangular ovatelobes; irregularteeth, v-shaped
acuminate rounded tocordate
medium green;light green below;new leaves arereddish; red,scarlet in fall
light gray whenyoung; dark grayand rough whenmature
smooth; hairyveins below
new growth anr,petioles often red
simple; 3-6" across orbicular tobroadly obovate,3-5 lobed
coarsely toothed acuminate cordate medium green;yellow to red in fall
dark gray-brown smooth
simple; 1-3" long ovate doubly serrate acute,pointed
cuneate toacute; wedge-shaped
medium green;yellow in fall
beige to reddishbrown; exfoliating
impressedveins
simple; 1 1/4 to 3"long
broad ovate doubly serrate acuminate truncate glossy green; palerbelow, yellow in fall
white, marked withdark patches, blackwith maturity
glabrous
pinnatelycompound; 5-9leaflets, 2-6" long
ovate to oblong,lanceolate
entire, crenate,serrate
acuminate broad crenate medium-darkgreen; paler under,yellow In fall
gray to gray-brown;ridged andfurrowed
can bepubescentbeneath
choose male orseedless form"MarshallSeedless"
oinnately orbipinnatelycompound; 6-8"long with alternateleaflets
up to 80 1/2-1"long oblong-lanceolateleaflets
slightly crenate leaflet-obtuse leaflet-oblique dark green; yellowin fall
textured; gray toblack
pubescent onmidribs
interestingbranching habit
simple; 4-7" across nearly orbicular,5-7 star shapedleaves
finely serratedlobes
acuminate cordate glossy lustrousgreen; yellow, red,scarlet and purplein fall
gray when yound,deeply furrowedwith maturity
smooth
simple; 3-6 long nearly orbicular 4 lobes nearly flat;truncate lobe
rounded totrunclte
shiny green; palerbelow; yellow in fall
ash-gray textured smooth
I s5
Table 1 - Shade Tree Identification continued
COMMONNAME
BOTANICALNAME
FORM BRANCHINGHABIT
GROWTHHABIT
STEM BUDS LEAF
ARRANGEMENTVENATION
Sycamore Platanusoccidental/a
oval to irregular spreading rounded headwith maturity
stout, round, smooth orpubescent, yellow-brown, slightly zig zag;long internodes
terminalabsent;laterallarge,conical, darkbrown
alternate palmate
Pin Oak Quercuspalustris
pyramidal lower brancheshang down; upperbranches ascend;middle branchesere horizontal
dense, centralleader
slender; greenish-brown
imbricate, conical,brown, pointed,1/8" long
alternate pinnate
UttieleaUnden
Tilia corriata upright; oval topyramidal withmaturity
dense pyramidalwhen you'll)
slender, brown stems terminal--absent;laterallong,reddish brown,egg-shaped buds
alternate palmate
2 0 6
0 1
Table 1 - Shade Tree Identification continued
TYPE OF LEAF LEAF SHAPE MARGIN SHAPE TIP SHAPE BASE SHAPE LEAF COLOR BARK CHARAC-TERISTICS
LEAFSURFACE
UNIQUE CHAR-ACTERISTICS
simple; 4-12"across
S-lobed, broad-triangular lobes,ovate' to reinform
coarsely toothed acuminate cordate medium green;tan in fall
smooth upper gray,trunk hasexfoliating bark inlarge pieces
pubescentalong veins,below
simple; 3-5" long elliptical 5-7 deep lobes acuminate cuneate dark green above;lighter beneathwith tufts of halr;red or brown In fall;foliage persists Intowinter
brown to gray withmaturity; lightlyridged
smooth brown leavesrermin on treeduring the winter
simple; 1 1/2-2"long
orbicular finely serrate acuminate cordate dark green; yellowto red in fall
brownish-gray,ridged withmaturity
glabrous,axillary tuftsof brownhairs below
fragrant flowersattract bees
0 94.
7
0 f)t., ti
.: '
Identifying and Selecting Plants for the Landscape
TABLE 2 - FLOWERING TREE IDENTIFICATION
Albizia julibrissim - mimosa
Cercis canadersis - eastern redbud
Cornus florida - flowering dogwood
Crataegus phaenopyrum - Washington hawthorne
Koelreuteria panicillata - golden raintree
Magnolia soulangiana - saucer magnolia
Malus species - flowering crabapple
Pvrus calleryana "Bradford" - Bradford pear
Table 2 - Flowering Tree Identification
COMMONNAME
BOTANICALNAME
FORM BRANCHINGHABIT
GROWTHHABIT
STEM BUDS LEAFARRANGEMENT
VENATION
Mimosa AlbfriaJullbrissin
broad-spreading,vase-shaped
arching multi-trunk slender, greenish,glabrous stem withlenticels
terminalabsent; lateral2-3 small, brown, roundedscales
alternate pinnate
EasternRedbud
Cerciscanadensis
rounded horizontallyascending
m'ulti-stemmed
dark brown or gray-tanwith lenticles; zig zag
terminalabsent; lateral--1/8" long, flattened;sometimes two together
alternate palmate
FloweringDogwood
Comusflorida
semi-rounded horizontallayered effect
widespreading
slender, greenish topurple; pubescent Inyouth; scar encirclesstem
terminalflower bud atstem apex; flattened, 2large scales cover It;lateralsmall slender buds
opposite pinnate;parallel tothe margins
WashingtonHawthorn
Crataegusphaenopyrum
oval to round;upright
low branching multi-trunk;dense
brown slender; with 1-3" long thorn
termlnallarger scales,reddish; lateralsmaller,reddish, globular
alternate pinnate
GoldenRaintree
Koelreuteriapaniculata
rounded,spreading
spreading andascending
medium stout with raised leafscars; lenticels
terminalabsent; lateralhalf elliptical, 2 scales
alernate pinnate
SaucerMagnolia
Magnoliasoulangiana
oval to rounded;irregular withmaturity
spreading multi-trunk brown, glabrous withgrayish lenticles;stipular lines enclrclestem
terminalpubescent, silkyto the touch, 1/2 to 3/4"long, large, oval; lateralsmaller, short pubescent
alternate pinnate
FloweringCrabapple
Malusspecies
oval to spreading upright tospreading
multi-trunk reddish brown termlnaloval with scales;pubescent; lateralovalwith scales
alternate pinnate
BradfordPear
Pyruscalleryana'Bradford'
pyramidal to oval verticalbranching
uprightbranches
glossy brown terminallarge wooly ovalelongated buds, 1/2"long; lateralsame
alternate pinnate
2 610 0 "1
Table 2 - Flowering Tree Identification continued
TYPE OF LEAF LEAF SHAPE MARGINSHAPE
TIP SHAPE BASE SHAPE LEAF COLOR BARK CHAR-ACTERISTICS
LEAF SURFACE UNIQUE CHAR-ACTERISTICS
bipinnatelycompound; 20"long
40-60leaflets, 1/4-1/2" long
smooth, entire acute oblique medium green;yellow in fall
gray, brown sometimes pubescenton midribs onunderside
interestingflowers; week-wood
simple 3-5" long broadly ovate entire acuminate cordate, thepetiole isswollen at theblade
dark green; yellow infall
brownish-black;scales
glabrous topubescent; glabrousunderside
persistent fruitin winter;showy flowers
simple, 3" long elliptic orovate
entire-wavy acuminate cuneate torounded
dark green; brilliantin fall, whitishunderside
light-gray,textured
glabrous uppersurface; glaucousunderside; pubescenton veins
winterbranching; 4seasons ofinterest
simple, 1-3 long triangular;ovate
,3 to 5 sharplyserrate lobes
acute truncate orsubcordate
dark green, palerunderslde; reddishin spring; yellow infall
light to mediumgray
smooth leaf-like stipulesmay be presentat base of leaf,
pinnate or bi-pinnatelycompound; to 14"long
7-15 ovalleaflets; 3"long
coarselyserrate; inciselylobed
acuminate rounded green; yellow in fall light grayish-brown; lightlytextured
glabrous; pubescent nice, persistentveins on underside fruit in winter
simple, 3-6 long obovate tobroad-oblong
entire acuminate,narrow,abruptlyshort-pointed
taper-pointed,rounded-cuneate
green; yellow tobrown in fall
light gray finely pubescentupperside andunderside
simple, 2-3" long ovate toelliptic
serrate to entire acute rounded green to red; yellowto red in fall
grayish-brown smooth showy flowers
simple, 1 1/2-2 1/2" long
broad-ovate crenate short,acuminate
rounded glossy green; purplein fall
glossy brownturning gray-brown withmaturity
glabrous good fall color;fruit notimportant; nicein bloom
2 S ,% 1 1
Identifying and Selecting Plants for the Landscape
TABLE 3 - EVERGREEN TREE IDENTIFICATION
Ilex opaca - American holly
Juniperus virginiana - Eastern red cedar
Magnolia a andiflora - southern magnolia
Picea abies - Norway spruce
Picea pungens "Glauca" - blue spruce
Pinus niqra - Austrian pine
Pinus strobus - white pine
Pinus sylvestris - Scotch pine
Tsuga canadensis - hemlock
13:3 1
Table 3 - Evergreen Tree Identification
COMMONNAME
BOTANICALNAME
FORM BRANCHING HABIT GROWTH HABIT STEM BUDS LEAFARRANGEMENT
VENATION
AmericanHolly
Ilex opaca pyramidal horizontalbranching; lowbranching
densely open,irregular
slender; blackstipules on eauhside of leaf scar
termlnal--short,round, pointed;lateral--same
alternate pinnate
Eastern RedCedar
Juniperusvirginiana
pyramidal tobroadly pyramidal
horizontalbranching, upward,curved branches
upright,spreading
reddish-brown not important whorls of 3 parallel
SouthernMagnolia
Magnoliagrandiflora
pyramidal;rounded inmaturity
low brancNng dense green to gray-brown;pubescent
terminallarge,fuzzy; lateralsmaller, fuzzy
alternate pinnate
NorwaySpruce
Picea abies pyramidal horizontal brancheswith pendulousbranchlets
retains lowbranches
slender; reddish-brown; glabrous
1/4" rosetteshaped, brownbuds
spreadingaround the stem
parallel
Blue Spruce Picea pugens'Glauca
broadly pyramidal horizontal branchesto ground
dense-compact stout; orange-brown
conical with blunttip, yellowish-brown
spreadingaround stem
parallel
Austrian Plne Pinus nigra pyramidal; oval inmaturity
horizontalbranching
dense, compactto open
rough with leafbases
terminaloval tooblong or cylln-drical, 1/2-1" longwith sharp point
spirally arrangedclusters
parallel
White Pine Pinus strobus pyramidal toirregular;pyramidal inmaturity
symmetrical;horizontalbranching
symmetrical; sottappearance
green togreenish-brown;straight, slender
terminal-1/4"long oval, longpointed buds
spkaHy arrangedclusters
parallel
Scotch Pine Pinus sylvestris irregularpyramidal
lower branches diewith age
wide-spreading,open
green to brown;turning orangewith maturity
termlnaloblong-ovate, 1/4-1/2"long
spiralling aroundstem
parallel
Hemlock Tsugacanadensis
pyramidal horizontal;pendulous with ageto ground
roughened bypersistent leafbases
terminal--minute,oval with hairyscales; lateralsame
spirally arranged parallel
32 1433
Table 3 - Evergreen Tree IdentificatIon continued
TYPE OF LEAF LEAF SHAPE MARGIN SHAPE TIP SHAPE BASESHAPE
LEAF COLOR BARK CHAR-ACTER1STICS
LEAF SURFACE UNIQUE CHAR-ACTERISTICS
simple; leathery elliptical toelliptic-lanceolate
flattened withshort spines,rarely nearly entire
acuminate,pointed withspin
truncate dull, yellow-green light gray,smooth
glossy, smooth
scale like awl shaped pointed pointed NA dull reddish-green !sh-gray;peels withmaturity
glaucous upper-side; greenunderside
Mill reddish colormay not contrastwith other plants
simple; ;eathery;5-10" long
obovate-obiongor eHiptic
smooth, entire obtusgily short-acuminate orobtuse
cuneate shiny dark green;rust colored andpubescent onunderside
dark grayish-green
leathery upper-side; pubescentunderside
1/2-1" longsquarish needles
straight or curved smooth blunt NA bright to mediumgreen
reddish-brown;warty
glaucous branches droop
3/4-1" longsquarish needleswith 4 angles
auricular, sharppointed
encu, ved pointed NA gray to blue-green orange-brown glaucous blue colordetracts fromother plants
4-6" long sharp,stiff needles; 2per bundle
straight or curved minutely toothed pointed; sharpto touch
leaf sheathpresent
sharp stiff; darkereenJ
dark brown,furrow; graymottled ridges
smooth sticky, resinoussap
3-5" long softneedles; 5 perbundle
acicular, slender,flexible
finely serrate pointed leaf sheathusuallyabsent
bluish to gray- green thin smoother,grayish-brown
smooth sticky, resinoussap
1 1/2 -3" longneedles; 2 perbundle
twisted, stiff minutely toothed short pointed NA blue-green;yellowish-green inwinter
reddish-orange;grayish-red-brown withmaturity
glaucous resinous sap
simplc 2 ranked linear,obtuse oracutish, 1/4-2/3"long
minutely serrate obtuse rounded dark green upperside; 2 whitish bandson underside
brownish-red togray; scaly;deeply furrowed
obscurelygrooved
3,415
Identifying and Selecting Plants for the Landscape
3
TABLE 4 - FLOWERING SHRUB IDENTIFICATION
Berberis thunbga - Japanese barberry
Cornus sericea redosier dogwood
Chaenomeles speciosa flowering quince
Euonymus alatus winged euonymus or burning bush
Forsythia x intermedia - border forsythia
Liciustrum .Nax leaf privet
Nandina domesticum nandina or heavenly bamboo
Pvracantha coccinea scarlet firethorn
Salix gracilistyla - rosegold pussy willow
Spirea vanhouttei - Vanhoutte spirea
Syringa vulgaris common lilac
173 7
Table 4 - Flowering Shrub Identification
COMMONNAME
BOTANICALNAME
FORM BRANCHINGHABIT
GROWTH HABIT STEM BUDS LEAFARRANGEMENT
JapaneseBarberry
Berberisthunbergli
rounded; dense multi-stemmed very dense;broader than tall
--slender, dark reddish-brown stems with smallthorns at buds
terminal-ovoid, scales;lateral-located at axis ofthorn with smaller bud oneither side
alternate
RedosierDogwood
Comus sericea broad spreading multi-stemmed spreads byundergroundstems; loose
slender, dark red stemswith lenticels
terminal-hairy floweringbud sticks out from stem;lateral-vegetative buds areelongated
opposite
FloweringQuince
Chaenomelesspeciosa
rounded; irregular stiff branches;twiggy
open slender, light brownspines
terminal-rounded, scaly;lateral-small conical, scaly
alternate
WingedEuonymus orBurning Bush
Euonymosalatus
upright; flat top;rounded
dense; upright multi-stemmed light brown with corkyridges
terminal-small with 4-6scales conical, oval, acute,glabrous; lateral-same
opposite tosubopposite
BorderForsythia
Forsythia xintermedia
rounded witharching branches
arching, upright,spreading
normal density 4-sided, yellowish brownstems with lines downstem and lenticels
lateral-vegetative andflowering, long, pointed,clustered at the nodes
opposite
Wax Leaf Privet Ligustreumjaponicum
upright tospreading round
upright tospreading
multi-stemmed buds and stems atnearly right angles tobranchlets; hairy,slender
lateral-small conical, scaly opposite
NandinaHeavenlyBamboo
Nandinadomestica
upright, irregular unbranchedstems; stronglyvertical
spread byrhizomes
upright, rough darkbrown bark with verticallines
not applicable alternate
ScarletFlrethorn
Pyracanthacoccinea
upright; rounded;irregular
stiff; upright open if unpruned
'glossy brown withtt Nns
terminal-small; lateral--same
alternate
RosegoldPuny Willow
,
Salixcracilistyla
rounded low branching broad rather slender, lightyellow-green stems
terminal--absent; lateral-1/6 oblong, rounded atapex; pubescent; flattenedagainst stem
alternate
VanhoutteSpirea
Spireavanhouttei
rounded withpendulousbranches
ascendingbranches archingto ground
dense; compact slender, brown,rounded, glabrousstems
terminal-small; lateral--small
alternate
Common Lllac Syringa vulgaris upright, irregular;multi-stemmed;leggy
upright leggy,spreading
upright leaf scars not connectedby stipular lines; stout
terminal-large dual; lateral--angular with scales inpairs
opposite
3S 18
39
Table 4 - Flowering Shrub Identification continued
VENATION TYPE OF LEAF LEAF SHAPE MARGIN SHAPE TIP SHAPE BASESHAPE
LEAF COLOR BARKCHARACTERISTICS
LEAF SURFACE
pinnate 1/2-1 1/2" long;simple in clusters
obovate tospatulate
entire rounded oblique medium green;reddish in fall
brown glabrous upperside;glaucous underside
pinnate 2-5" long; simple ovate to broad;ovate
entire acuminate rounded medium-green;purplish In fall
red in winter glaucous underside
pinnate simple ovate to oblong; 1-3" long
sharply serrate acuto acute glossy, dark green;yellow in fall
dark grayish-brown lustrous
pinnate simple; 1-2" long elliptic to obovate finely serrate acuminate,acute
cuneate dark green; brilliantred in fall
green when young;turning gray with age
smooth
pinnate 3-5" long; simple narrowly ovate-elliptic
dentate in upperpart of leaf,entire on bottomhalf
acute cuneate medium green;bronze in fall
yellowish brown smooth
pinnate simple; 1-2 1/2"long
elliptic-oblong,ovate
entire acute cuneate glossy, dark green medium gray,smooth
pubescent underside
pinnate 2-3 timescompound; up to30' long
leaflets--ovate; 1-2"long; 1/2-1" wide
entire acute acute medium green;bright red in fall
rough dark brownwith vertical lines
smooth
pinnate simple; 1-1 1/4"long
narrow elliptic tolanceolate
lightly serrate-crenate
acute cuneate glossy, dark green dark brown smooth
pinnate simple; 1 1/2-4"long
lanceolate serrate acuminate,pointed
cuneate bluish-gray ridged and furrowed glaucous and silkyunderside
pinnate simple ovate to obovate;3/4-1 1/2" long
toothed ottenobscurely; 3-lobed
pointed taperingrounded
pale bluish-green;lighter underside;bronze-yellow in fall
dark grayish-brown;shreds on older wood
glabrous
pinnate 2-5' long; simple ovate to broad;ovate
entire acuminate cordate dark green, no fallcolor
dark gray to gray-brown
glabrous
40 19 41
Identifying and Selecting Plants for the Landscape
TABLE 5 - EVERGREEN SHRUB IDENTIFICATION
Buxus microphylla - Korean boxwood littleleaf boxwood
Euonymus kiautschovicus - spreading euonymus
Ilexgrenata "He Herr - Japanese holly
Juniperus chinensis "Hetzir - hetzli juniper
Juniperus chinensis "Phitzeriana" - phitzer juniper
Mahon la aguifolium - Oregon grape holly
Pinus mugo - mugo pine
Rhododendron catawbiense - catawba rhododendron
Taxus cuspidata - Japanese yew
Thuja occidentalis - Eastern or American arborvitae or white cedar
Viburnum rhytidophullum - leatherieaf viburnum
21
4 3
Table 5 - Evergreen Shrub Identification
ICOMMON NAME BOTANICALNAME
FORM BRANCHINGHABIT
GROWTH HABIT STEM BUDS LEAFARRANGEMENT
Korean Boxwoodor Litt !stealBoxwood
Buxusmicrophylla
compact;rounded
dense compact;spreading
slender; green terminal-small, ovoid opposite
SpreadingEuonymus
Euonymuskiautschovica
broadly oval broad spreading multi-stemmed;will climb like avine
slender, green,rounded
terminal-conhal, sharp-pointed; greenish, tinged withred In winter
opposite
Japanese Holly Ilex crenataWelled
compact; dense;rounded
multi-branched;twiggy
dense, compact slender green terminal-small,inconspicuous; lateral-small
alternate
Hetzli Juniper JuniperouschinensisWetzir
spreading 45' branch angle dense-k. .pact;irregular;spreading
stout, ragged bark terminal-small cross arrange-ment whenviewed from endof twig
Pfitzer Juniper JuniperuschinensisPfitzeriana'
wide spreading pendulous at tip;horizontalbranching
dense, compact stout; ragged bark terminal-small cross arrange-ment whenviewed from endof twig
Oregon GrapeHolly
Mahoniaaquifolium
upright; irregular upright irregular, open,straggly habit
roundish, stout; leafscars-narrow, low,half encircling thestem
terminal-large, oval shapewith 6 scales; lateral-small
alternate
Mugo Pine Pinus mugo mounded broad spreading,bushy
spreading short without downturning; brown toblackish-brown
terminal-1-4 to 1/2" oblongbud with reddish-brownscales, encrusted with resin;
2 in a bundle,may last tor 5years
CatawbaRhododendron
Rhododendroncatawbiense
rounded low to ground taller than wide brown with age terminal-large flower buds;lateral-large 1/2" long, scaly,pointed, yellowish-green
alternate
Japanese Yew Taxus
cuspidatabroad oval;compact;Irregular
upright-spreading dense-compact;irregular;spreading
green turningreddish-brown
terminal-ovold, oblong;lateral--oval to oblong,chestnut brown, overlapping
spirally arranged
Eastern orAmericanArborvitae; WhiteCedar
Thujaoccidentalis
pyramidal short ascendingbranches toground
upright;horizontal sprays
alternate,compressed, flatstems
not Important overlappingscales
Leather leafViburnum
Viburnumrhytidophyllum
upright; oval torounded
loosely branchod;upright
upright; stronglymulti-stemmed
gray to brown withpubescence; olderstems becomeglabrous
terminal-large 1/2" oblong,fuzzy buds; lateral-large,rusty-colored, vegetativebuds; 1 1/2-7 flowering buds
opposite
22
44 45
Table 5 - Evergreen Shrub Identification continued
VENA-TION
TYPE OF LEAF LEAF SHAPE MARGINSHAPE
TIP SHAPE BASE SHAPE
.-
LEAF COLOR BARKCHARACTERISTICS-
LEAF SURFACE
pinnate simple; 1/2-1"long
obovate entire rounded cuneate green; yellow tobrownish-yellow inwinter
light tan smooth
,
pinnate simple; 2-3" long broad-elliptic orobovate
crenate-serrate
acute toobtuse
cuneate green; rusty-green inwinter
green stems with age;changing to gray-brown
smooth
,
pinnate simple; 1/2-11/4" long
obovate to oblong crenate-serrate
obtuse acute to broad-cuneate
dark green green young stemsmaturing to yellow-brown
glabrous
notimportant
needle and awl scale-like; a fewawl-shaped
smooth
_
pointed rounded blue-green dark brown, splitting,peeling
glaucous
notimportant
scale and awl-like
juvenile-awl-shaped; adult-scalelike, obtuse,thickened
smooth pointed rounded gray-green dark brown; splitting,peeling
glaucous
pinnate compound; 5-9leaflets; 6-10"long
ovate to oblong-ovate
sinuatelyspiny-dentate
acute rounded-truncate
dark green; holly-like;purplish-bronze in fall
light brown smooth/shiny; stiff
,
parallel in pairs of 2; 2"long
rigid, curved finelytoothed
short, blunt,horny point
rounded medium green brown stomatic lines onboth surfaces
pinnate simple; 2-5" long elliptic to oblong entire,smooth
obtuse,cuspidate
rounded dark green; yellow-green underside
rusty glabrous; leathery
parallel needle; 1" long linear; usually 2ranked
entire cuspidate rounded dark green; yellowishunderside
reddish-brown smooth
notimportant
scale-like,abruptly pointedon main axis;glandular
scale-like; pointed notimportant
pointed rounded dark green; brownish-yellow in winter
reddish- to grayish-brown scaly
pinnate simple; 2-8" long ovate-oblcng toovate-lanceolate
entire acute orobtuse
rounded orsubcordate
dark green; light towhite on underside
medium grayish- brown glabrous; stronglywrinkledupperside;leathery
23
4 f; 4 7
Identifying and Selecting Plants for the Landscape
TABLE 6 - GROUND COVER AND VINE IDENTIFICATION
Ajuga reptans - ajuga or bugleweed
Celastrus scandens - American bittersweet
Coronilla varis - crown vetch
Euonymus fortunei radicans - bigleaf wintercreeper
Hedra helix - English ivy
Juniperus horizontalis - creeping juniper
Lonicera japonica Hal liana' - Hall's honeysuckle
Vinca minor creeping myrtle or periwinkle
25
4S 49
Table 6 - Ground Cover and Vine Identification
COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME FORM BRANCHING HABIT GROWTH HABIT STEM LEAFARRANGEMENT
VENATION
Aluga orBugleweed
Ajuga reptans irregular grows in a clump mat-like ground cover roots form alongstems; squareflower stems
opposite pinnate
AmericanBittersweet
Celastrus scandens irregular spreading twining vine; woodyvine
not important alternate pinnate
Crown Vetch Coronilla varis sprawling prostrate orascending stems
vine-like herb brown in winter;green in growingseason
leaflets opposite pinnate
Big leafWintercreeper
Euonymus fortunei'Radicans
irregular irregular; erect,dense branches
trailing or climbingevergreen vine
green-purple, graywith age
opposite pinnate
English ivy Nedra helix irregular spreading trailing on the groundor climbing by aerialrootlets; woody vine
reddish alternate pinnate
Creeping Juniper Juniperus horizontalis prostrate semi-upright or lowirregular spreading
erect trailing habit not important flattened close tostem, overlapping
NA
Hall'sHoneysuckle
Lonicera japonica'Ha Nana'
irregular spreading climbing; woody vine slender, hairy opposite pinnate
Creeping Myrtleor Periwinkle
Vinca minor mat-forming irregular trailing slender, arching,drooping green
opposite pinnate
5 026
51
Table 6 - Ground Cover and Vine Identification continued
TYPE OFLEAF
LEAF SHAPE MARGIN SHAPE TIP SHAPE BASE SHAPE LEAF COLOR LEAF SURFACE UNIQUE CHAR-ACTERISTICS
simple basal--oblong, ellipticor ovate; upper-elliptic or ovate
entire wavy or bluntserrate
rounded narrowed topetiole
shiny green, burgundy smooth NA
simple elliptic to obovate, 13/4" to 4 1/2" long,up to 2 1/4" wide
toothed, lightlyserrate
acute rounded bright yellow in fall smooth NA
comp., .nd leaflet-oblong toobovate, 1/2" long
entire rounded rounded gray-green smooth NA
simple 1 1/2" to 2" long,elliptical; 1/2 to 1 1/2wide
wavy, smooth toslightly crenate orserrate
acute cuneate dark green smooth shiny aerial roots; largeterminal buds withsharp points
simple juverle-3-5 lobes, 2-F diameter; mature--less lobed
lobed acute rounded mature-deep green upper-side yellow-green under-side; young-light green
pubescent onunderside
NA
needle-hke scale-like and awl-like NA pointed rounded blue-green to greenish;purple in winter
NA NA
simple ovate to oblong, 11/2" to 3" long
smooth acuminate rounded dark green hairy on both sides NA
simple 1/2" to 1 1/2 long;1/2" wide; elliptic tolanceolate
entire acute acute blue-green glossy, wavy uppersurface
NA
rt)27
Identifying and Selecting Plants for the Landscape
5 I
TABLE 7 - PERENNIAL IDENTIFICATION
Artemisia schmidtiana - silver mound
Astilbe x ardendsli - false spirea astilbe
Aauilegia hybrids - columbine
Chrysanthemum x morlfolium - garden mum
Coreopsls lanceolata coreopsis
Hemerocallis hybrids - day lily
Heuchera sanquinea - coral bells
Hosta species - plantain lily or hosta
Liriope spicata - creeping lily turf
Phlox subulata - creeping phlox
2 9
Table 7 - Perennial Identification
COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME FORM BRANCHING HABIT GROWTH HABIT STEM LEAF
ARRANGEMENTVENATION
Silver Mound Memisiaschmidtiana
rounded mound upright rounded mound alternate palmate
False SpiresAsti lbe
Asti lbe x ardendsil erect upright rounded habit with spikedflowers
whorled pinnate
Columbine Aquilegia hybrids erect stems erect several stems rising froma thickened root stock;flowers rise above foliage
whorled palmate
Garden Mum Chrysanthemum xmorifolium
columnar to roundmound
rounded; erectstems
rounded habit alternate pinnate
Coreopsis Coreopsislanceolate
irregular, upright,sprawling
upright, sprawling upright, sprawling opposite pinnate
Day Lily Hemerocallishybrids
rounded with uprightflower stalks
upright, archingbranches
mound-like shape offoliage
NA grow from aclump at base
parallel
Coral Bells Heucherasanguinea
rounded clump withupright flower stalks
upright rounded clump hairy; reddishcolor
grow from the rootstalk
palmate
Plantain Uly orMosta
,
Hosta species rounded mound upright upright, arching leaves;spike flowers
NA grow from clumpat base
parallel
parallelLily Turf Liriope spicata dense grass-like mator clump
upright, arching upright, arching; forminga dense mound
no abovegroundstem showing
grow from clumpat base
Creeping Phlox Phlox subulata prostrate mound,dense
irregular mat forming opposite in pairsor alternate;crowded
pinnate
ti 730
Table 7 - Perennial Identification continued
TYPE OF LEAF LEAF SHAPE
_
MARGIN SHAPE TIP SHAPE BASE SHAPE LEAF COLOR
compound twicepalmately dividedinto linear segments
1 3/4' long, linear smooth acute narrowing intopetiole
silvery-white
simple or twice orthrice compound
leaflets--ovate tooblong
,
doubly serrate
,
acute rounded dark green or bronze
twice or thricecompound
leafletwedgeshaped to nearlyround
notched deeplyIncised
cuneate yellow-green
lower--pinnatecompound; uppersimple
upperlanceolate toovate, 3" long orsmaller
upperlobed 1/3 to 1/2depth of blade; lobesentire or coarsely toothed
acute rounded upper surfacegreento gray; undersidegray-green
compound needle-like smooth pointed dark green
simple strap-like, linear,sword shape
smooth grass-like,pointed
narrows toward basalclump
bright green
simple reniform lobed serrate round rounded dark, bright green;some with silvermarkings
simplei
varies with species smooth to wavy acuminate forms tube-shapedstalk; narrowstowards basal clump
NA
simple linear, wide, 8" to20" long; 1/4" wide
minutely serrate acute narrows towardsbasal clump
NA
simple linear subulate upto 1" long; needle-like
ciliate.
pointed narrowing to stem dark green
5 31
LEAF SURFACE UNIQUE CHAR-ACTERISTICS
slivery-white;hairs; velvetytexture
NA
smooth NA
smooth NA
undersidepubescent
stronglyaromatic
smooth
smooth NA
hairy NA
smooth
smooth
smooth
flower stalkshave bell-shaped flowers
NA
stiff leaves,close together
Identifying and Selecting Plants for the Landscape
G
TABLE 8 - TURFGRASS IDENTIFICATION
Cvnodonclactvlon - Bermudagrass
Festuca arundinacea - tall fescue
Festuca rubra - red fescue
Lolium Derenne - perennial ryegrass
Poa pratensis - Kentucky bluegrass
Zoyzia japonica - zoysia grass
3361
Table 8 - Turfgrass Identification
COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME PICTURE GROWTH HABIT TEXTURE COLOR NATURAL HEIGHT
Bermudagrass G)enodon dactylon stolons and rhizomes fine dark blue-green 12"
Tall Fescue Festuca arundinacea rhizomes and stolons medium to coarse,;forms clumps
medium green 24-36*
Red Fescue Festuca rubra bunch
,
fine dark green
,
8"
Perennial Ryegrass Lolium perenne bunch medium to coarse dark green 20"
Kentucky Bluegrass Poa pratensis
irhizomes and tillers medium
.
blue-green 12-24'
Zoysia Grass Zoysia japonica
St
.
stolons and shortrhizomes
fine dark green 12"
34
Table 8 - Turfgrass Identification continued
BUD LEAFARRANGEMENT
BLADE TIP BLADE COLLAR AURICLE LIOULE SHEATH INFLORESCENSE
folded sharply pointedto the tip
flat or folded narrow with hairson the edge
absent fringe of hairsfused at the base
slightly flat withtutts of hair at thebase of plant;upper rounded,smooth,overlapping
spike
rolled parallel-sided flat, ridged aboveand wide, edgesrough
hairy, broad blunt to absentwith hairs onmargin
indistinct, blunt round, smooth,split
racemic
folded pointed andneedle-like
flat with thickmidrib, thick
indistinct andnarrow
absent indistinct truncate,smooth, entire
round, smooth,split
racemic
folded flat keeled below,glossy on bottom
pointed; ta. peringto tip
broad and distinct large claw-like membranous,entire; may betoothed, roundedto acute
open, flat, almostround, smooth
spike
folded boat-shaped andsmooth
v-shaped, reeled,bottom smooth
medium w/slighthairs
absent membranous,long truncate,entire, smooth
smooth, spHt panicle
rolled short and pointed flat, scattered withlong hairs
indistinct withhairy margins
absent fringe of hairs round, smoothwith hairs at top,split
spike
G 435
Identifying and Selecting , :ants for the Landscape
6E;
SELECTING PLANTS FOR THE LANDSCAPE
Table 9 - Shade Tree Selection
Table 10 - Flowering Tree Selection
Table 11 - Evergreen Tree Selection
Table 12 - Flowering Shrub Selection
Table 13 - Evergreen Shrub Selection
Table 14 - Ground Cover and Vine Selection
Table 15 - Perennial Selection
Table 16 Turfgrass Selection
36 67
Identifying and Selecting Plants for the Landscape
TABLE 9 - SHADE TREE SELECTION
Acer rubrum - red maple
Acer saccharum - sugar maple
Betula niora - river birch
Betula pendula - European white birch
Fraxinus Pennsylvania - green ash
Gleditsia triacanthos inermis - honey locust
Liquidambar styraciflua - sweet gum
Liriodendron tulipifera - tulip tree
Plantanus occidentalis sycamore
Quercus palustris - pin oak
cordata - littleleaf linden
Pb
6 S C37
Table 9 - Shade Tree Selection
COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME HEIGHT WIDTH FORM GROWTH RATE HARDINESSZONE
USE IN LANDSCAPE TEXTURE
Red Maple Acer rubrum 40-60' 25-50 upright to round medium to fast;space 30' apart
3 specimen; street; patio;downtown
medium
Sugar Maple Acer saccharum 40-70' 50-60' upright, oval slow to medium;space 30' apart
3 specimen; street,residential or larger
medium
River Birch Betula nigra 30-50' 30-50' upright, oval; roundedwith maturity
medium to fast;space 30' apart
4 specimen; residential orlarger effect; groupings
medium tofine
European WhiteBirch
Betula pendula 25-40' 10-15' oval, graceful,pendulous branches
medium; space 12'apart
8 good for narrow spaces;residential or larger;specimen
fine
Green Ash Fraxinuspennsylvanica
50-60' 40-50' round to oval; irregularwith maturity
fast; space 40' apart 3 street, quick effect medium,coarse
Honey Locust Glectitsiatriacanthos inermis
30-60' 30-50' oval . medium to fast;space 30' apart
4 street; raised planters;thornless & fruitless vari-eties are good for down-town areas & lawn trees
coarse, winterpattern
Sweet Gum Liquidambarslyraciflua
60-70' 30-40' oval to irregular slow to medium;space 30' apart
5 specimen; street,residential or larger
medium tocoarse
Tulip Tree Liriodendrontulipifera
60-90' 30-50' oval, pyramidal fast; space 40' apart 4 large scale design medium tocoarse
Sycamore Platanusoccidentialis
70-100' 70-100' oval to irregular fast; space 40' apart 4 large scale; parks andlarge estates
coarse
Pin Oak Quercus palustris 60-70' 40-50' pyramidal; bwerbranches hang down
medium; space 40'apart
4 residential or larger;specimen; useful urbantree
medium toslightly coarse
Little leaf Linden Tilia cordata 40-60' 35-40' upright; oval topyramidal withmaturity
medium; space 30'apart
3 dense shade; str: ..t;residential or larger
medium
3871
Table 9 - Shade Tree Selection continued
COLOR (LEAF) FLOWERING COLOR,LENGTH OF BLOOM
FRUITING TIME/TYPE FERTILIZERREQUIREMENTS
SOIL CONDITIONS WATERREQUIREMENTS
LIGHTREQUIREMENTS
medium green; yellowto red in fall
small red colorfulflowers in spring
bright red; samaras inlate spring
medium slightly acidic; chloroficIn highly alkaline soils
dry to wet sun to part shade
dark green; yellow tored in fall
yellow flowers in May greenish-yellow, Samara;early April; semi-attractive
medium prefers acidic soil; welldrained
medium to moist sun to part shade
medium green; yellowin fall
long pistillate small nutlet medium slightly acidic; toleratesmany
wet to dry; first toshow moisture stress
sun to part shade
glossy green; palerunderside; yellow in fall
not important brown cone-like insummer
medium medium drainage high moisture sun
medium to dark green;paler underside; yellowin fall
not important 2"; light tan samara inclusters in early fall
medium wide range; acidic toalkaline
dry to wet; droughtresistant
sun
bright green; yellow infall
not important;greenish pea-like;fragrant
fruiting varieties have 8-18" long twisted brownpods, which persist intowinter
wide range; acidic toalkaline
dry to wet; droughttolerant
sun to part shade
medium green; yellow,red, or scarlet in fall
not important brown spiny balls thatpersist Into winter
subject toch:orosis In highalkaline soil
wide range, acidic toalkaline; best in rich clayor loam
dry to wet sun to shade
shiny green; yellow infall
large yellow-orangetulip-like flowers inearly summer
cone-like fruits thatpersist into winter
medium well-drained; po!ersacidic soils
medium sun
medium green; tan infall
not important brown 1 1/2" balls thatpersist into winter
medium prefers deep rich soil, butwill tolerate many soilsincluding alkaline
moist sun to part shade
dark green; red orbrown in fall; foliagepersists into winter
not important light brown (acorn) nut;single or cluster; 1/2"long
subject to ironchlorosis
does not tolerate alkalinesoils
prefers moist, but willtolerate dry soils
sun to part shade
dark green, yellow infall
very fragrant yellow towhite flowers in lateJune
seeds on ribbon-like leaf wide range of soil; wil:tolerate alkaline soil ifmoist; tolerates poor soil
prefers moisture; nottolerant of drought
sun to part shade
7239
Table 9 - Shade Tree Selection continued
COMMONNAME
TEMPERATUREREQUIREMENTS
TRANSPLANT-ABILITY
DISEASEPROBLEMS
INSECTPROBLEMS
PRUNING METHODAND TIME
SPECIALCONSIDERATIONS
UNIQUECHARACTERISTICS
Red Maple tolerates city heatand glare
easy; B & B andbareroot; spring
leaf hoppers not important good replacement forSilver Maple
colorful fall color
Sugar Maple to zone easy; B & B leaf scorch;verticillium wilt
not important not good In containers orIn pollution; attractivewinter branching
colorful fall color
River Birch to zone easy mildew; woodydecay; leaf spot;dieback
leaf miner; bronzebirch borer; aphids
not important light shade showy peeling bark;good winter branchhabit
EuropeanWhite Birch
to zone easy in spring none serious bronze birch borers;aphids; leaf miner
summer or fall;spring pruningcauses bleeding
litter problem; notrecommended becauseof bronze birch borer
especially interestingwhite bark
Green Ash to zone easy rusts and cankers;many others
borers and scale;many others
in fall roots clog drains; wildlifefood; somewhat toleratessalt
"Marshall Seedless"variety has no seeds;others create litter
HoneyLocust
to zone easy leaf spot; cankers;rust
borers; webworm;spider mites
thin young trees ofnew growth; prune infall
tends to be overused;salt, pollution, and windtolerant; lowmaintenance of leaf drop
interesting branchhabit; filtered shadeallows grass to grow;thornless cultivars arerecommended
Sweet Gum to zone B & B in spring;ditficult
bleeding necrosis;leaf spots
webworm; scales not important seed balls cause litter;not good in city
colorful fall color; seedballs give winterinterest
Tulip Tree to zone B & B; spring leaf spot; sootymold; canker
aphids not important roots can be invasive; nottolerant of air pollution;weak-wooded; flowersare high in the tree
massive stately tree
Sycamore to zone easy anthracnose;witches broom;leaf spots
aphids; scale bug;sycamore planttussock moth
not important don't use as street treetoo messy; use LondonPlane tree instead,because it is anthracnoseresistant
exfoliating bark;colorful winter trunk,branches, andhanging balls;attractive flaking bark
Pin Oak to zone easy galls; ironchlorosis
none serious low branchesfrequently requirepruning
winter foliage blocks sunheat; don't use nearstreets or sidewalks dueto low branches
good for city condi-tions; interestinggrowth habit
Little leafLinden
tolerates heat easy leaf blight; can-kers; powderymildew
aphids: scales;linden mite; borers
can be pruned tohedge
pollution tolerant fragrant flowers attractbees
74 4075
Identifying and Selecting Plants for the Landscape
TABLE 10 - FLOWERING TREE SELECTION
Albizia julibrissirr. - mimosa
Cercis canadersis - eastern redbud
Cornus florlda - flowering dogwood
Crataegus phaenoPyrum - Washington hawthorne
Koelreuteria paniculata - golden raintree
Magnolia soulangiana - saucer magnolia
Ma lus species - flowering crabapple
12 ty_lacarga"Br dford" - Bradford pear
41 77
Table 10 - Flowering 'Free Selection
COMMONNAME
BOTANICALNAME
HEIGHT WIDTH FORM GROWTH RATE HARDINESSZONE
USE IN LANDSCAPE COLOR (LEAF)
Mimosa Albiziajulibrisnin
25-35 25-35' broad-spreading,vase shape
medium 6
j
residential; not muchvalue
medium green; yellowin fall
EasternRedbud
Cerciscanadensis
20-25' 15-20' rounded medium; space 15apart
4 specimen; under-story;shrub border; groupings
dark green; yellow infall
FloweringDogwood
Comus florida 20-30' 15-20' semi-rounded slow to medium;space 12' apart
4 specimen; under-storyresidential; naturalistic;grouping
dark green; brilliantred in fall
WashingtonHawthorn
Crataegusphaenopyrum
_,25' 15-20' oval to round; upright medium; space 10'
apart4 specimen; mass barrier;
accentdark green; reddish inspring; yellow In fall
GoldenRaIntree
Koelreuteriapaniculata
20-40' 20-25' rounded, spreading medium; space 20apart
5 residential;patio/terrace; street tree
green; yellow in fall
SaucerMagnolia
Magnoliasoulangiana
20-25' 15-20' oval to rounded;irregular with maturity
medium; space 12apart
5 specimen green; yellow tobrown in fall
FloweringCrabapple
Malus species 15-25' 20-25' oval to spreading medium; space 15apart
4 specimen; naturalistic;grouping; residential orlarger
green to red; yellow tored in fall
BradfordPear
Pyrus calleryana'Bradford'
30-50' 20-35' pyramidal to oval medium; space 20apart
4 specimen; street;residential scale
glossy green; purplein fall
7 s 42
Table 10 - Flowering Tree Selection continued
FLOWERING COLOR,LENGTH OF BLOOM
FRUITINGTIME/TYPE
TEXTURE CHAR-ACTERISTICS
SOIL CONDITIONS WATERREQUIREMENTS
FERTILIZING
REQUIREMENTSLIGHTREQUIREMENTS
TEMPEPATUREREQUIREMENTS
showy pink powderpuffs in summer
not Important fine well-drained, alkalinesoil
medium medium full sun heat tolerant
pink flowers in earlyspring before leaves
a brown pods Infall that persist Intowinter; legume
medium tocoarse
wide range; well-drained, acidic toalkaline soils
moist to droughtresistant
medium sun to part shade;blooms best in fullsun
to zone
white or pink showyflowers In mid-May
orange to red fruitIn clusters, persistinto winter
medium well-drained acidicsoil; add organicmatter
medium medium part shade to shade to zone
white 1/2" flowers inmid-June
red-orange clustersin fall that persistinto winter
fine-medium wide range, well-drained, acid toalkaline
dry to moist medium sun to part shade to zone
showy bright yellowpanicles in summer
clusters of paperycapsules thatpersist into winter
medium wide range drought resistant medium bast in sun tolerates low wintertemperature andwind
showy, pink to whitesaucer-shapedflowers
not important medium-coarse slightly acidic, loose medium medium sun to part shade protected locationhelps prevent flowerbud frost damage
white to red flowersin early spring
yellow or red pomefruit in late summerand fall
medium well-drained slightlyacidic soil
medium medium sun to part shade to zone
white flowers in earlyspring before leaves
small 1/2" fruits infall: not showy
medium wide range medium to dry medium sun to zone
S 0 43
61
Table 10 - Flowering Tree Selection continued
COMMONNAME
TRANSPLANT-ABILITY
DISEASE PROBLEMS INSECTPROBLEMS
PRUNING METHODAND TIME
SPECIALCONSIDERATIONS
UNIQUECHARACTERISTICS
OTHER COMMENTS
Mimosa difficult vascular wilt webworm prune wide-spreading branchesto relieve weight
not a qualitylandscape plant;winter kills
foliage folds at night;showy flowers
not suited to northernclimates; short lifespan
EasternRedbud
medium; B & B canker; leaf spot;verticillium
borers; scales;leaf hoppers;leaf rollers
prune deadbranches
better related tocool, moist climate
persistent fruit inwinter; showy flowers
blooms same time asdogwood
FloweringDogwood
B & B; difficult fungal wilt; leaf spot borers not applicable subject to winterinjury to flower buds
interesting winterbranching; 4 seasonsof interest
grows wild in SouthernMissouri and south;Missouri's state tree;wildlife food
WashingtonHawthorn
easy; B & B,early spring, assmall tree
cedar Hawthorn rust;fire blight; leaf spots;powdery mildew; scab
lace bug;aphids; borers
winter or earlyspring
tolerates cityconditions
2" thorns none applicable
GoldenRalntree
easy; B & B none serious none serious winter none important nice persistant fruit inwinter
tolerates air pollution
SaucerMagnolia
difficult, B & Bin spring
black mildew; leafspots; leaf blight
none serious prune afterflowering
blooms best in sure showy flowers susceptible to late frostdamage
FloweringCrabapple
easy fire blight; cedar applerust; apple scab;canker; powderymildew
scale; borers;aphid
prune afterflowering
blooms best in tun showy flowers can grown in espalieror raised planter; manyvarieties
BradfordPear
-easy; B & B inearly spring
none serious none serious prune lowerbranches for down-town walk; spring
tolerates pollution good fall color; fruitnot important; nice inbloom
fairly resistant to fireblight
44
63
Identifying and Selecting Plants for the Landscape,
TABLE 11 -117tRGREEN TREE SELECTION
Ilex opaca - American holly
Juniperus virginiana - Eastern red cedar
Magnolia grandiflora - southern magnolia
F_Lteies - Norway spruce
Picea pungens "Glauca" - blue spruce
Pinus nigra - Austrian pine
Pinus strobus - white pine
Pinus - Scotch Dine
Tsuga canadensis hemlock
8 4 4 5
Table 11 - Evergreen Tree Selection
COMMONNAME
BOTANICALNAME
HEIGHT WDTH FORM GROWTH RATE HARDINESSZONE
USE IN LANDSCAPE COLOR (LEAF)
American Holly Ilex opaca 15-30' 15-20 pyramidal slow to medium;space 20' apart
5 specimen; screen,grouping
dull yellow-green
Eastern RedCedar
Juniperusvirginiana
30-40' 15-18' pyramidal tobroadly pyramidal
medium; space12' apart
2 enframement;screen; windbreak;hedge
dull reddish-green
SouthernMagnolia
Magnoliagrandiflora
50-60' 30-40' pyramidal; roundedin maturity
slow to medium;space 35' apart
7 specimen; largesr ale; high screen
shiny, dark green;rust colored andpubescent onunderside
Norway Spruce Picea abies 40-60' 25-35' pyramidal medium; space25' apart
2 specimen;windbreak;enclosure
bright to mediumgreen
Blue Spruce Picea pungens'Gfauca'
80-100' 15-25' broadly pyramidal slow to medium 2 specimen; accent;windbreak
gray to blue-green
Austrian Pine Pinus nigra 30-60' ' pyramidal; oval inmaturity
medium 4 specimen; wind-break; screen orgrouping
dark green
White Pine Pinus strobus 50-60' 25-30' pyramidal toirregular; pyramidalin maturity
fast to medium;space 15' apart
3 specimen; screen;mass; background;residential and largescale
bluish to gray-green
Scotch Pine Anus sylvestris 30-60' 30-40' Irregular pyramidal medium; slowwith maturity;space 25' apart
2 specimen; mass;windbreak; screen
blue-graen;yellowish-green inwinter
Hemlock Tsuga
canadensis50-70' 20-25' pyramidal moderate to rapid;
grows fast atterestablished; space10' apart; closer inhedges
3 tall scraen & hedges;specimen; open areaor understory tree;north exposure;deep shade
dark green; flatneedles
t46
S7
Table 11 - Evergreen Tree Selection continued
FLOWERING COLOR,LENGTH OF BLOOM
FRUITINGTIME/TYPE
TEXTURE SOIL CONDITIONS WATERREQUIREMENTS
FERTILIZINGREQUIREMENTS
LIGHTREQUIREMENTS
TEMPERATUREREQUIREMENTS
not important red berries inOctober that persistinto winter
medium-coarse fertile, well-drained,acidic
moist to dry medium sun to part shade needs windprotection
not important bluish-gray berry onfemale plant
medium wide range; acidic toextremely alkaline;will tolerate poorsoils
dry to moist low sun to zone
large, fragrant whiteflowers in late spring
grayish-brown conewith red seeds inearly fall
coarse wide range, butprefers slightly acidic
medium to moist;not dry
medium sun to part shade protect againstwind and extremecold temperatures
not important brown cones 5-6" inupper part of tree;pendulous
medium don't plant on poorsites; sandy, well-drained
moist, humid
_.....-----good fertility sun to part shade not tolerant of hot
weather
not important pendulous,cylindrical browncone
medium rich moist medium; somedrouctht tolerance
medium to high sun to zone
not important cones; 3" long; somein clusters
medium tolerant of poorlydrained and heavysoils
tolerates moist, notwet soil; toleratessome drought
meoium sun heat resistant
not important 5-6" brown cone;pendant
fin^ well-drained;tolerates dry, rockysoil
medium to high medium sun to zone
not important gray to dull brownrounded cones
medium well-drained; willtolerate poor drysoil; will tolerate acidsoil
low to medium low to medium sun to zone
brown 1/2" cone infall: slender apo;ynearly blunt
fine well-drained; CiCidiC,
deep moist loam;rocky bluff or sandy
medium to high;not drought tolerant
medium sun to 'part shade;grows best inpartial shade
not tolerant of drywinds or prolongedheat
S B47 S
Table 11 - Evergreen Tree Selection continued
COMMON NAME TRANSPLANT-ABILITY
DISEASEPROBLEMS
INSECT PROBLEMS PRUNING METHODAND TIME
SPECIALCONSIDERATIONS
UNIQUE CHAR-ACTERISTICS
OTHERCOMMENTS
American Holly easy; B & B inspring
leaf spot;bacterial blight;twig die back; leafrot
scale; holly leafminer; bud moth;whitefly; berrymidge
winter holiday season smaller leaf varietiesare better for homeand downtown
broadleafevergreen; spinyleaves
tolerates airpollution; plant 1male for every 2-3females
Eastern Red Cedar easy; B & B cedar apple rust bag worms; spidermites
withstands heavypruning; hedges
very easy to grow;may clash withother foliage colors
narrowleafevergreen;resistant tophomopsis
tolerates airpollution
Southern Magnolia difficult; B & B;early spring
none serious none serious after flowering lower branches willhelp hide droppingleaves
broadleafevergreen
protect from winterwinds and sun
Norway Spruce easy; B & B none serious spider mites; sprucegall-aphids; borers;budworm
tolerates heavypruning; spring
NA narrowleafevergreen;branches droop
much over-planted
Blue Spruce easy; B & B none serious spruce gall-aphids;spruce budworm;spider mites
NA looses lowerbranches
narrowleafevergreen; bluecolor will detractfrom other plants
over-used
Austrian Pine easy Diplodia tip blight pine needle; scale none required; prunecandles to shape
tolerates salt andcity conditions
narrowleafevergreen
more tolerant thanother pines
White Pine easy white pine blisterrust
white pine weevil can be a shearedhedge; prune candlesto shape
sweeping winds candamage
narrowleafevergreen
will not tolerate airpollution
Scotch Pine easy; B & B ifroot pruned
root rot; tip blight;many rusts;nematodes aserious problem
pine tip moth prune candles toshape; June
varies in needlelength and color
leaves last severalyears
popular Christmastree
Hemlock easy; B & B ifroot pruned
leaf blight; cankerrust; needle rust;sapwood rot
scale in easternstates; hemlockborer; bagworms;gypsy moth
reponds well toclipping for low orhigh mass effect; canbe trained to thickhedge
sun scorched whentemperature 95°Fand above;si:sceptible to saltinjury
NA NA
48
identifying and Selecting Plants for the Landscape
TABLE 12 - FLOWERING SHRUB SELECTION
Berberis thunbergii - Japanese barberry
Cornus sericea - redosier dogwood
Chaenomeles speciosa - flowering quince
Euonymus alatus - winged euonymus or burning bush
Forsythia x Intermedla - border forsythia
Ligustrum japonicum - wax leaf privet
Nandlna domesticum - nandina or heavenly bamboo
Pyracantha coccinea - scarlet firethorn
Salix graciHstyla - rosegold pussy willow
Spirea vanhouttel - Vanhoutte spirea
Syrinaa vulaaris - common lilac
49
INEMIN1111
9 3
Table 12 - Flowering Shrub Selection
COMMONNAME
BOTANICALNAME
HEIGHT WIDTH FORM GROWTH RATE HARDINESSZONE
USE IN LANDSCAPE COLOR (LEAF)
JapaneseBarberry
Berberisthunbergil
3-6' 4-7' rounded; dense medium; space 3'apart
4 hedge; foundation;specimen; mass barrier;shrub border
medium green;reddish In fall
RedosierDogwood
Comus sericea 7-9' 10 broad-spreading,multi-stemmed
fast 2 specimen; mass; shrubborder
medium green;purplish in fall
FloweringQuince
Chaenomelesspeciosa
6-10' 6-10' rounded to irregular medium; space 4'apart
4 shrub border; specimen;mass; barrier
glossy, dark green;yellow in fall
WingedEuonymus orBurning Bush
Euonymusalatus
15-20' 15-2C' upright; flat top;rounded
medium to slow;space 5' apart
3 specimen; naturalisticmass; barrier; hedge;screen
dark green; brilliantred in fall
BorderForsythia
Forsythia xintermedia
6-10' 10-12' rounded witharching branches
medium to fast;space 4' apart
5 specimen; border; mass;screen;
mdeium green;bronze in fall
Wax Leaf Privet Liqustrumjaponicurn
6-10' 6-8' rounded; upright tospreading;
fast; space 5' apart 7-10 residential and largescale; screen; border;hedge
glossy, dark green
Nandina orHeavenlyBamboo
Nandinadomestica
4-5' 2-3' upright; irregular medium to fast;space 2' apart
6-10 specimen; containers;mass
medium green;bright red in fall
ScarletFirethorn
Pyracanthacoccinea
6-15' 10' upright; rounded;irregular
fast; space 8' apart 6 specimen; barrier;screen; hedge
glossy, dark-green
RosegoldPussy Willow
Salix gracilistyla 6-10' 5-8' rounded extremelv fast 5 specimen; barrier;screen
bluish-gray
VanhoutteSpires
Spireavanhouttei
5-8' 5-8' rounded withpendulousbranches
fast; space 4' apart 5 shrub border; foundation pale bluish-greenupperside; lighterunderside; bronze-yellow in fall
Common Lilac Synnga vulgaris 8-10' 6-12' upright; irregular;multi-stemmed;leggy
medium; space 8'apart
3 shrub border; massing dark green; no fallcolor
50
Table 12 - Flowering Shrub S lection continued
FLOWERING COLOR,LENGTH OF BLOOM
FRUITING TIME/TYPE TEXTURE SOIL CONDITIONS WATERREQUIREMENTS
FERTILIZINGREQUIREMENTS
LIGHTREQUIREMENTS
TEMPERATUREREQUIREMENTS
not showy; smallyellow flowers in earlyspring
red berries in Octoberthat persist Into winter
fine to medium wide range; well-drained; acidic toalkaline
moist to dry;withstandsdrought
medium sun to part shade;best in full sun
to zone
white 1 1/2 to 2 1/2"flowers in late May toJune
white 1/5" berry-likefruits in September
medium wide range moist to wet medium sun to zone
red, white, or pinkflowers in early spring(March)
yellowish-green pompin late summer
medium wide range; well-drained
medium medium;chlorosis inalkaline soils
sun to part shade to zone
not important 4-lobed capsule; redto orange
medium wide range; acidic toalkaline; well-drained
medium to dry medium to low sun to part shade to zone
bright yellow flowersin early spring thatlast 2-3 weeks
not important medium wide range; well-drained; acidic toalkaline
low to medium medium sun to part shade;best in full sun
to zone
white 4-6" fragrant,showy clusters in Juneand July
black clusters in falland winter
medium tocoarse
wide range; acidic toalkaline; mediumdrainage
medium; droughtresistant
medium sun to part shade to zone; severewinters will killtwigs
showy white paniclesin mid-summer
red cluster in fall andwinter
fine wide range; loam; pH5.0-6.5; chlorosis inalkaline soils
drought resistant low sun to part shade heat resistant; diesback at 0°, losesleaves at 10'
showy white clustersin June
bright orange-redclusters that persistinto winter
medium wide range; welldrained, acidic toalkaline
medium to dry medium sun to part shade;better flowers infull sun
to zone
showy; 1 1/4" long;pinkish-reddish tingedcatkins
capsule that containscottony or silky, hairyseeds
fine well-drained; deep,not chalky soil
moist medium to low sun to zone
white showy flowers inlate spring
not important medium to fine wide range, pH 6.0-7.0
medium medium sun to part shade to zone
white, pink, purple. orblue frag,ant flowersin late spring
not importah' medium tocoarse
wide range; neutralpH
medium to low medium to low sun to zone
;) 6 51
9 7
Table 12 - Flowering Shrub Selection continued
COMMONNAME
TRANSPLANT-ABILITY
DISEASE PROBLEMS INSECTPROBLEMS
PRUNING METHOD ANDTIME
LIFE SPAN SPECIALCONSIDERATIONS
OTHER COMMENTS
JapaneseBarberry
easy; bare root bacterial leaf spot;anthracnose; root rots;wilt
barberry aphid;scale
anytime medium many thorns; good fallcolor
some clutivars havepurple foliage; collectstrash,
RedoslerDogwood
easy; bare rootor B & B
stem canker scales;bagworms
to keep yellow colorprune old wood
medium good fall color; attrac-tive red stem In winter
spreads byunderground stolons
FloweringQuince
easy; B & B leaf spot scale; aphids prune to 6" abovegroundatter spring bloom orannually; thin stemsatter blooming
medium only showy 2 weeks ofyear In spring; thorny;collects trash
fruit good for jellies;thornless varietiesavailable
WingedEuonomous orBurning Bush
easy; B & B none serious none serious withstands pruning long sensitive to salt;excellent fall color insun
compact varieties (5')are the commonplants in nurseries
BorderForsythia
easy; bare rootor B & B
crown gall; leaf spots;forsythia stem gall
spider mites prune atter flowering;remove older stems
medium late frosts can killblooms; not forfoundation planting
attractive archingbranch pattern Inwinter; overused
Wax LeafPr ivet
easy; B & B none serious none serious attei flowering medium showy, fragrant flowers wildlife food
NandinaHeavenlyBamboo
easy none serious none serious atter flowering medium plant in groups forcross pollination;protect from southwestwinds
wildlife food
ScarletFirethorn
difficult:container; inspring
fireblight; scab on fruit;twig blight; root rot
scale; lace bug;aphids
needed to keep inbounds; any time
long fruit produced on 2-year wood; fruit hasnice character
wildlife food; thorns
RosegoldPussy Willow
easy; containeror B & B
bacterial twig blight;crown gall; leaf blight;puvvdery mildew; rust;scabs
lace bug; aphid;willow flea;weevil borer;scale
summer or fall long showy male flowers
VanhoutteSplrea
easy none serious aphids should not be sheared;best to prune to base;prune after flowering
long very showy flowers good shrub borderplant
Common Lilac easy powdery mildew;bacterial blight
borer; scale needs constantgrooming annually afterblooming; remove 1/3of oldest canes
long fragrant flowers best for cool climates;renew old overgrownplants; sensitive to airpollution
52
.1;IMI Identifying and Selecting Plants for the Landscape
TABLE 13 - EVERGREEN SHRUB SELECTION
Buxus microohylla - Korean boxwood littleleaf boxwood
Euonymus kiautschovicus - spreading euonymus
Ilex crenata "Helleri" - Japanese holly
Juniperus chinensis "Hetzil" - hetzli juniper
Juniperus chinensis "Phitzeriana" - phitzer juniper
Mahonia aquifolim - Oregon grape holly
Pinus mugo - mugo pine
Rhododendron catawbiense - catawba rhododendron
Taxus cuspidata - Japanese yew
Thuja occidentalis - Eastern or American arborvitae or white cedar
Viburnum rhytidophullum - leatherleaf viburnum
100 53 101.
Table 13 - Evergreen Shrub Selection
COMMON NAME BOTANICALNAME
HEIGHT WIDTH FORM GROWTH RATE HARDINESZONE
USE IN LANDSCAPE COLOR (LEAF)
Korean Boxwood orLittle leaf Boxwood
Buxusmicrophylla
3-4' 3-4' compact;rounded
moderate toslow; space 2'apart
5; hardiest ofspecies
specimen; hedge; massgrouping; container;foundation; border;
green, yellow tobrownish-green Inwinter
SpreadingEuonymus
Euonymuskiautschovica
6-8' 8-10' hroadly oval fast; space 6'apart
5 natualistic; espalier;screens, informal hedge,massing
green; rusty-green in winter
Japanese Holly Ilex crenataWelled
2-4' 3-4' compact; dense;rounded
slow; space 2'apart
5 containers (will trail over);hedge; foundation; patio;border
dark green
Hetzil Juniper Junlperouschinensis "Hetzir
15' 15' upright;spreading
fast; space 5'apart
4-10 screen; foundation; dry,windswept slope; mass;specimen
blue-green
Pfitzer Juniper Juniperuschinensis'Pfitzeriana"
6' 6-8' wide-spreading; medium to fast;space 5' apart
4 specimen; mass; screen;hedge
gray-green;needle-like
Oregon GrapeHolly
Mahoniaaquifolium
3-9' 3-5' upright; irregular slow--2' to 3' over3 to 4 years
5 shrub border; foundation;specimen
dark green; holly-like, purplish-bronze In fall
Mugo Pine Pinus mugo 10-20;"compacta"4 to 5'
25-30';"compacta" 4 to 5'
mounded slow; space 4'apart
2 accent; specimen; rockgardans; residentialscale; mass; foundations
medium greenneedles; 2 in abLndle
CatawbaRhododendron
Phododrendroncatawbiense
6-10' 6-8' rounded slow to medium;space 4' apart
4 mass; specimen; under-story; woodland area
dark green;yellow-greenunderside
Japanese Yew Taxus cuspidata 4-6' 5-7' broad oval;compact;irregular
slow; space 4'apart
4 foundation; hedge;screen border; mass
dark green;yellowishunderside
Eastern orAmericanArborvitae or WhiteCedar
Thujaoccidentalis
40-60' 10-15' pyramidal slow to medium 2 hedge; screen;windbreak;
dark green;brownish yellowin winter
Leather leafViburnum
Viburnumrhytidophyllum
8-10' 6-8' upright; oval toround; looselybranched
medium; space5' apart
6 specimen; shrub border;accent
dark green; lightto white under-side; leathery
54
102 103
Table 13 - Evergreen Shrub Selection continued
FLOWERING COLOR,LENGTH OF BLOOM
FRUITING TIME/TYPE TEXTURE SOIL CONDITIONS WATERREQUIREMENTS
FERTILIZINGREQUIREMENTS
LIGHTREQUIREMENTS
TEMPERATUREREQUIREMENTS
fragrant terminalclusters; not important
capsule fine well-drained; highorganic matter; best Inslightly acidic soils
medium medium sun to part shade protect florn dryingwinds and extremelow temperature
showy, small,greenish-white clustersIn August
,pale green; orange infall and winter;showy; November
mediumto coarse
wide range; acidic toalkaline; fertile to poor
medium medium sun to part shade may die back inwinter with coldtemperature
not important 1/4" black berry-likefruit in September
fine medium drainage; pH5.0-6.0; loam
medium high each year sun to part shade,part shade If poorsoil
to zone
not important bluish-gray; fall andwinter; colorful
fine wide range; well-drained; prefers alkaline,though tolerates acid
medium, doeswell in dry areas
medium full sun, will grow inpart shade
to zone
not important small cones fine wide range; alkaline;tolerates acid; well-drained; good for rockysoils
medium medium sun to part shade to zone
bright yellow flowers Inlate April; slightlyfragrant
grape-like true berry;blue-black with 1/3"bloom on surface;August to September
medium acidic; well-drained moist medium shade not in hot sun orwind
not important cones; not important medium wide range; prefersdeep, moist, loam
medium medium sun to part shade to zone
rosy-lilac to magenta-purple and white inearly summer; veryshowy
capsule bold-coarse
well-drained; organicacid soil
medium to high medium best in part shade to zone
not important red-coated on femaleonly
mediumto fine
well-drained; acidic toalkaline soil
medium to high medium sun to shade to zone
not important 1/3 to 1/2" long;yellowish cones
medium-fine
well-drained; marshy;loam; tolerates alkalinesoil
high humidity;medium to moist
medium sun to zone
creamy-white terminalcluster 4"-8" across inlate spring
not important coarse medium drainage;acidic to alkaline
medium fertilize each year shade to partshade
to zone
55
104 105
Table 13 - Evergreen Shrub Selection continued
COMMON NAME TRANSPLANT-ABILITY
DISEASEPROBLEMS
INSECT PROBLEMS PRUNING METHODAND TIME
LIFE SPAN SPECIALCONSIDERATIONS
OTHER COMMENTS
Korean Boxwoodor Uttle leafBoxwood
easy; B & B orcontainer
canker; blight; leafspot; root rot
mealy bugs; boxwoodleaf miner; gianthornet; boxwoodwebworm
prune to removedead twigs
long don't cultivatearound as roots areclose to surface
hardier than commonboxwood; broadleafevergreen
SpreadingEuonymus
easy mildew;anthracnose; crowngall; leaf spot
aphids; thrips; scale some varieties maybe tree form ifpruned
long flowers attract flies;not good for patio
leaves droop in winter
Japanese Holly easy none serious none serious can be sheared intoformal shapes
medium attractive lightreflective ability
a hardier variety
Hetzil Juniper easy phomopsis twigblight
bagworms anytime long not applicable not applicable
Pfitzer Juniper easily; B & B orcontainer
phomopsis blight bag worms; juniperscale; mites; aphids
specimens may bepruned to treeforms
long sometimes found togrow taller thanlisted
good landscapingcultivars are available
Oregon GrapeHolly
medium leaf rust; leaf spot;leaf scorch
barberry aphid; scale;whitefly
annually, just atterflowering
medium good yellow flowersand grape-like fruit
unsweeping windsand winter sun causeleaf scorch
Mugo Pine easy; B & B ifroot pruned
rusts; wood rots borer; scale prune annually tokeep dwarf
long slow growing confusing due tovariety of sizes;compact varietiesused most often
CatawbaRhododendron
B & B orcontainer
botrytis blotch;blights; gray blight;canker; crown rot;powdery mildew
leaf hopper; whiteflies;mealybugs; borer;scales thrips
atter flowering long life if ingoodconditions
protect from wintersun and wind; mulchat all times;
must have goodconditions
Japanese Yew easy; B & B none serious none serious anytime long tolerates cityconditions
hardiest yew; lots ofgood varieties
Eastern orAmericanArborvitae orWhite Cedar
easy leaf blight; tip blight;juniper blight; cedartree canker; leafbrowning andshreding
bagworm; arborvitaeaphid; leaf miner;mites; mealybug; scale
tolerant; prior togrowth in spring
long high w; is, snow,and ice candamage; has tansy-odor when bruised
other varieties turnugly yellow-brown inwinter
Leather leafViburnum
easy; B & B none serious none serious prune afterflowering
long hardiest of evergreenviburnums
best with protectionfrom sun and wind
IC 6 56 107
Identifying and Selecting Plants for the Landscape
1 0
TABLE 14 - GROUND COVER AND VINE SELECTION
Ajuga reptans - ajuga or bugleweed
Celastrus scandens - American bittersweet
Coronilla varis - crown vetch
Euonymus fortunei radicans - bigleaf wintercreeper
Nedra helix - English ivy
Juniperus horizontalis - creeping juniper
Lonicera japonica Halliana' - Hall's honeysuckle
Vinca minor - creeping myrtle or periwinkle
57
Table 14 - Ground Cover and Vine Selection
COMMONNAME
BOTANICALNAME
HEIGHT WIDTH FORM GROWTHRATE
HARDINESSZONE
USE IN LANDSCAPE COLOR (LEAF)
Ajuga orBugleweed
Ajuga reptans 3-6" spreading mat-like clump fast; may beinvasive
3 ground cover: rock garden,edging, border
shiny green,burgundy
AmericanBittersweet
Celastrusscandens
20 15.20'-variable,space 12" apart
spreading fast 3 Vine: screen with supportfrom walls, trellises, orarbors
bright yellow In fall
Crown Vetch Coronilla varis 9-1W 20"; space 24"apart
sprawling,spreading
fast 4 ground cover: steep banks,rock garden, highwayerosion control; too coarsefor most gardens
gray-green
Big leafwintercreeper
Euonymusfortunei73adicans'
6-7' vine; 12-24" groundcover
variable irregularspreading
medium tofast
4 ground cover or shrub vine;will grow as vi '4 withsupport
dark green
English Ivy Nedra helix 6-10" asground cover
variable; space12" apart
spreading fast 6 vine: trellis cover; groundcover: planter box, lawnsubstitute; deop roots goodfor erosion control
maturedeep greenupperside, yellow-green underside;youngfight green
CreepingJuniper
Juniperushorizontalis
12-16" 10'; space 8'apart
irregularspreading
moderate 2 ground cover: rockgardens; hangs over a wall
blue-green;greenish-purple Inwinter
Hall'sHoneysuckle
Lonicerajaponica1-lalliane
as groundcover 6"mound
20-30'; space 6-10' apart
spreading fast 3 vine; to cover bank or fencewhen controlled
dark green
CreepingMyrtle orPeriwinkle
Vinca minor 10" moderatespread; space12" apart
mat-forming moderate 5 ground cover: rock garden,tub, hanging basket
blue-green
58 1 1 1
Table 14 - Ground Cover and Vine Selection continued
FLOWERING COLOR;LENGTH OF BLOOM
FRUITINGTIME/TYPE
TEXTURE SOIL CONDITIONS WATERREQUIREMENTS
FERTILIZINGREQUIREMENTS
LIGHTREQUIREMENTS
TERMPERATUREREQUIREMENTS
April to May; violet-blueto purple
not important medium tolerates poor soil;well-drained
medium low to medium shadewhere grasswill not grow; alsopart sun
to zone
inconspicuous yellow and orangethrough winter
medium tocoarse
any soil medium medium to low sun to part shade;best fruiting in fullsun
to zone
p.nk-purple in summer not important fine tomedium
tolerates poor soils;well-drained, dry soils
low low f WI sun to zone
not showy many brightorange fruitthrough winter
medium wide range of soil moderatelydrought resistant
responds well tofertilizer
full sun to partshade
not hot, westernexposure
inconspicuous, globe-shaped
not important medium tocoarse
wide range; fertile,moist, well-drained
moist medium to high grows well in shade;will take sun
to zone
inconspicuous blue on a shortstem, sometimesglaucous
fine wide range of soils;grows well in sandy,rocky soils
moderately dry todry
medium to low sun; susceptible tofungus in shade
to zone
Nhite, fragrant 2" flowersthat yellow with age
black, fleshy berry coarse most any soil drought-tolerant medium sun or light thade to 20°F
bright blue (white andpurple cultivarsavailable): not showy
none fine tomedium
tolerates most soils moderatelytolerant of drought
--J-
medium best in part shadeor shade, buttolerates full sun
does not toleratehot temperatures
112 59
Table 14 - Ground Cover and Vine Selection continued
COMMON NAME TRANSPLANT-ABILITY
DISEASEPROBLEMS
INSECTPROBLEMS
PRUNING METHOD ANDTIME
-LIFE SPAN SPECIAL
CONSIDERATIONS
OTHER COMMENTS
AjuqaBugleweed
easy by division crown rot fromovercrowding orpoor aeration
none serious division long can remove flower stalkswith a lawn mower set ata high setting
AmericanBittersweet
easy
,
none serious Euonymus scale.
.
heavy pruning required inlate winter or spring tokeep in bounds
long need male and female toflower and fruit; 1 maleper 6 female
Crown Vetch by seed; 1pound/1,000 sq.ft
none serious none serious mow to 6", 2-3 times ayear
legume-nitrogen fixer
Big leafwintercreeper
easy mildew in shady,calm locations
Euonymus scale,stem gall,nematodes
clip back as needed long easy to grow
English Ivy easy bacterial leaf spot spider mites trim back when necessaryand to enhance compactgrowth
long
CreepingJuniper
easy juniper blight spider mites trim back when necessary long
HallsHoneysuckle
easy none serious none serious cut back heavily to keepin bounds
long can be invasive; veryvigorous
must keep in bounds,use as either vine orground cover
Myrtle orPeriwinkle
easy none serious none serious shear annually to formdense growth
long roots develop at nodeswith contact with soil
60rJ
Identifying and Selecting Plants for the Landscape
TABLE 15 - PERENNIAL SELECTION
Artemisia schmidtiana - silver mound
Asti lbe x ardendsii - false spirea astilbe
Aquilegia hybrids - columbine
Chrysanthemum x morifolium - garden mum
Coreopsis lanceolata - coreopsis
Hemerocallis hybrids - day lily
Heuchera sanquinea - coral bells
Hosta species - plantain lily or hosta
Liriope spicata - creeping lily turf
Phlox subulata - creeping phlox
61 H7
Table 15 - Perennial Selection
COMMONNAME
BOTANICAL NAME HEIGHT WIDTH FORM GROWTHRATE
HARDINESSZONE
USE IN LANDSCAPE COLOR(LEAF)
Silver Mound ArtemisiaSchmidtiana
4-6" 12"; space 8" apart round mound medium-slow
4 perennial border;specimen; rockgarden; border
silvery-white
False Spires'Asti lbe
Astilbe x ardendsil 4' 2'; space 2 apart erect medium-fast
5 border; wild gardens;water areas
green
Columbine Aquilegia hybrids 2-3' 1'; space 9" apart rounded erectstems
fast 4 naturalized settings;rock gardens; border
deep green
Garden Mum Chrysanthemum xmorifolium
1-3' 2 1/2'; space 12-18" apart
columnar toround mound
fast 5 border; massplantings; late flowerdisplay
green tograyish-green
Coreopsis Coreopsislanceolata
2' space 12" apart upright,sprawling
fast 3 front or middle ofborder
dark green
Day Lily Hemerocallishybrids
depends onvariety--20 to 3-4'
2'; space 18-36"apart
rounded upright medium 4 mass planting;border
bright green
Coral Bells Heucherasanguinea
flower stalk--2',10-12" tall
space 12" apart round clumpw/stalkedflowers
medium-slow
4 for small areas; anedging or openborder
dark, brightgreen
Plantain Lilyor Hosta
Hosta species 2 1/2' tall 40"; space 30-36"apart
rounded mound medium 3 border bluish-green
Creeping UlyTurf
Liriope spicata 8-12" tall: flowerscapes 10 tall
12" and spreading;space 12" apart
moundw/archingleaves
fast 4 ground cover;edging; rock garden
dark green;pale green inwinter
CreepingPhlox
Phlox subulata 3-6" 2'; space 12-18"apart
prostratemound; dense
fast 4 edging; walls; groundcover
bright green
S 62
Table 15 - Perennial Selection continued
FLOWERING COLOR; LENGTHOF BLOOM
TEXTURE SOIL CONDITIONS WATERREQUIREMENTS
FERTILIZINGREQUIREMENTS
LIGHTREQUIREMENTS
TEMPERATUREREQUIREMENTS
small, white, or yellow flowers;not showy
fine tolerates poor, sandy soil;well-drained
low; will rot in wetsoils
low full sun hot
red, pink, white, or lavenderspike-like flowers in June to July
medium well-drained, fertile, moist summer--dry; winterdry
medium-high;fertilize each spring
full sun or partialshade
to zone
red, pink, yellow, blue, white, orpurple flowers from May to June
medium-coarse
excellent drainage; sandy-loam soil
medium-high medium full sun; partial shadelengthens floweringseason
to zone
yellow, orange, red, bronze,white, or lavender flowers fromAugust to frost
medium-coarse
prefers well-drained, moistsoil; well-drained soilessential for winter survival
high heavy full sun to zone
bright yellow flowers from Juneto September
medium well-drained; ordinary gardensoil
medium medium full sun to zone
many colors; 3-4 weeks atdifferent times depending onvariety; some are repeatbloomers
fine well-dralned, high inorganicmatter, medium fertility moistsoil
medium medium prefer sun, but willgrown in partialshade
to zone
bell-shaped; red, coral, or pink1/2" wide flowers on 2 stalksfrom June to September
coarse well-drained, moist soil withhigh organic matter
medium-high low part shade is best keep out of hotafternoon sun
white to pale lilac flowers in July coarse well-drained , moist; high inorganic matter; no soggy soil
moist, not wet low-medium partial or deep shade to zone
1/4" wide, pale violet to whiteflowers on stalks; 8-10r; summer
fine well-drained, moist; fertiliesoil with organic matteradded
moist medium partial shade toshade
to zone
red-purple, violet-purple, pink,and white flowers from Marchthrough May
fine well-drained, gritty soils;alkalihe
low-medium medium-low sunny or partialshade
to zone
1 2 0.6 3
Table 15 - Perennial Selection continued
COMMONNAME
TRANSPLANT-ABILITY
DISEASE PROBLEMS INSECT PROBLEMS PRUNING METHOD ANDTIME
LIFE
SPANSPECIAL CONSID-ERATIONS
OTHERCOMMENTS
Silver Mound easy by rootdivision
rust none serious prun foliage beforeflowering to keep plantfrom falling open in themiddle
long does not tolerate muchwinter moisture becauseof silvery coating on theleaves
False SpireaAsti lbe
easy powdery mildew; wilt Japanese beetles;spider mites
divide every 3 years long
Columbine easy; divide inspring
leaf spot; crown rot; rootrot; rust
leaf miner; columbineborer; aphids
none required usuallyacts asannual
should be planted wherefading leaves car becamouflaged by otherfoliage
can be used as cutflowers
Garden Mum easy bacterial blight; leafspot; wilt; rust; powderymildew; aster yellows
aphids; stalk borers;leaf miner; spider mites
can prune back earlysummer to maintainheight; stop pinching inmid-summer or whenflowering begins
long shallow rooting Causesneed for regularwatering; apply a lightwinter mulch
can be used as cutflowers; manycultivars available
Coreopsis easy leaf spot, rust, powderymildew
chewing insects remove faded flowersbefore they seed
long not invasive like othervarieties
Day Uly easy none serious noi.e serious divide most vigorousvarieties every 3 years
long individual blossoms lastone day, but bloom overa long season
Coral Bells easy none serious none serious divide when woody;remove faded blooms
long drainage important inwinter
Plantain Ulyor Hosta
easy none serious snails, Mugs, and otherchewing insects
remove faded bloomingstalks
long divide clumps asneeded in spring or fall
wet soil in thewinter can damagethese plants
Creeping UlyTurf
easy none serious none serious can mow over the top inearly spring to removeold foliage; set mowerblade high
long foliage may beunattractive in winternorth of zone 6
remove old foliagein spring topromote newgrowth
CreepingPhlox
easy rust spider mites mow halfway to groundafter flowering to formdense plant
long evergreen
1 2 364
Identifying and Selecting Plants for the Landscape
TABLE 16 - TURFGRASS SELECTION
Cynodon dactylon - Bermudagrass
Festuca arundinacea tall fescue
Festuca rubra - red fescue
Lolium perenne - perennial ryegrass
Poa pratensis - Kentucky bluegrass
Zoyzia japonica - zoysia grass
12565
Table 16 - Turfgrass Selection
COMMONNAME
BOTANICALNAME
HARDINESSZONE
SEASONWARM/COOL
ANNUAL/PERENNIAL
GROWTHHABIT
NATURALHEIGHT
MOWINGHEIGHT
SOILTOLERANCE
FERTILIZING
REQUIREMENTS
BermudaGrass
Cynodondactylon
7 warm perennial stolon, rhizome,creeping
12"
.----1-2" rich, moist,
pH 5.2-7.0medium
Tall Fescue Festucaarundlnacea
5.8 cool perennial bunch 24-36" 1 1/2-3" wide range, pH5.3-7.5
medium
Red Fescue Festuca rubra 3-6 cool perennial bunch ' 3/4-1 1/2" wide range;low pH
low
Perennial RyeGrass
Lolium perenne 3-7 coal perennial bunch 12-24" 1 1/2-2 1/2" wide range medium-low
KentuckyBluegrass
Poa pratensis 3-7 cool perennial rhizome,creeping
12-24" 3/4-1 1/2" fertile loam,pH 6.0-7.5
medium
Zoysia Grass Zoysia japonica 6 warm perennial stolon, rhizome,creeping
12" 1/2-1" well-drained,pH 5.5-7.0
medium
66 1. 0 "&,.. i
Table 16 - Turfgrass Selection continued
FERTILIZING TIME MOISTUREREQUIREMENTS
LIGHTREQUIREMENTS
HOWESTABLISHED
ESTABLISH-MENT TIME
RATE OF SEEDING(#/1,000 SO. FT.)
RATE OFPLUGGING
WHEN TOESTABLISH
3-4 x/year good droughttolerance
full sun seed or plug rapid 2-3
_
6-12 apart early summer
I
late fall, earlyspring
excellent droughttolerance
sunny; somewhateshade tolerant
seed rapid 4-8 (K-31)10-12 (Turf-type)
not applicable early fall
late fall, earlyspring
1-
good droughttolerance
sun or shade seed moderate 3-5 not applicable early fall, earlyspring
early fall, earlyspring
not very droughttolerant
sunny; not veryshade tolerant
seed rapid 4-6 not applicable early fall
early spring, earlysummer, early fall
not drought tolerant sun in north; shadein south
seed rapid 2-4 nnt applicable early fall, earlyspring
early spring, mid.summer, early fall
excellent droughttolerance
sun to part shade stolon slow, 6-9 months usually vegetativelypropagated
6" apart May
671 2
Table 16 - Turfgrass Selection continued
COMMONNAME
TEMPERATURETOLERANCE
DISEASE PROBLEMS INSECT PROBLEMS USE TEXTURE COLOR OTHERCOMMENTS
Bermuda Grass high heat dead spot; brown patch;dollar spot
none importarn parks; footballfields; homes
fine dark blue-green salt tolerant;goes dormant
Tall Fescue heat tolerant leaf spot; brown patch;resistant to most diseasesexcept snow mold
not many unless heavypopulations; army worm;grubs; sod-webworm
utilit .; roadways,athletic fields,eroslon prevention
coar medium green
Red Fescue not heat tolerant fungus none important lawns fine dark green1
don't over feedPerennial RyeGrass
not heat tolerant leaf spot rust any worms; sod-webworms
lawns; high trafficareas
medium tocoarse
,
bright green sheaths havepinkish color
Kentucky BlueGrass
130°F moderately resistant tomost cool seasondiseases
grubs; cinch bugs; sod-webworms; cut worms;army worms
sunny lawns;1 athletic fields;I parks
medium blue-green resistant to leafspot
Zwesla Grass high heat nematodes; brown patch;dollar spot; Pythium
mole crickets; sod-webworms; Billbugs;grubs; army worms; mites;scales
c )1f course sandtraps; lawns
medium medium green low maintenance;grows above60°F
130611
131
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Diecker, William W. Grasses and Grasslike Plants of Cultivated Fields,and Pastures in Mi ri: Identification by Vegetative Characteristics.(M118). University of Missouri-Columbia: University Extension, 1980.
Dirr, Michael. All About Evergreens. San Francisco, CA: Ortho Books(Chevron Chemical Co.), 1984.
Dirr, Michael A. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants. 2nd ed.Champaign II: Stipes Publishing Co., 1977.
Ferguson, Barbara, ed. All About Trees. San Francisco, CA: OrthoBooks (Chevron Chemical Co.), 1982.
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Ingels, Jack E. Ornamental Horticulture Principles and Practices.Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers, 1985.
Kucera, Clair K. The Grasses of Missouri. University of Missouri-Columbia: University Extension, 1961.
132 69
Little, Elbert Luther. The Audobon Society Field Guide to NorthAmerican Trees. New York, NY: Random House, Inc., 1980.
MacCaskey, Michael. All About Lawns. San Francisco, CA: OrthoBooks (Chevron Chemical Co.), 1985.
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Reiley, H. Edward; Carroll L. Shry, Jr. Introductory Horticulture. 3rd.ed. Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers, Inc., 1988.
Residential Landscape Desian. Manhattan, KS: Cooperative ExtensionService, Kansas State University.
Scotts Professional Turf Manual. Marysville, OH: ProTurf Division, TheO.M. Scott and Sons, Inc., 1981.
Sinnes, Cort A. All About Perennials. San Francisco, CA: OrthoBooks (Chevron Chemical Co.), 1981.
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Still, Steven. Herbaceous Ornamental Plants. Champaign, IL: StipesPublishing Co., 1980.
Sunset. Lawns and 5round Covers. Menlo Park, CA: Lane PublisNngCo., 1984.
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133