Double dividends?

WASH services, society and state in fragile contexts

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Why WASH in fragile contexts?

Supporting fragile states through WASH 2

Source: wssinfo.org

Services for their own sake?

Supporting fragile states through WASH 3

Source: WASH Liberia

… or also to support states and societies

Supporting fragile states through WASH 4

Source: WASH Liberia

Politics matters

Supporting fragile states through WASH 5

There is nothing new in this idea

But we need to understand more about•How it matters: more specifically, how particular types of governance and political factors affect service delivery processes and outcomes (at sector and national level)•What to do about it: The key principles and models for more effectively addressing these factors

Politics matters, especially where politics are tricky

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How might WASH support peace & state-building?

Supporting fragile states through WASH 7

Source: : AFP/ Ramzi Haidir; WASH Liberia,; Barbara van Koppen; ; Barbara van Koppen; GVI; UNAMID

So far, so intuitive – but what is the evidence?

Supporting fragile states through WASH 8

ODI research with Tearfund on their WASH programmes in DRC and South Sudan•Visibility: INGOs predominantly seen as service providers in all project sites•Collective action: Scope for collaboration, especially around sanitation provision (CCMP, Central Equatoria)•Inclusion: Who is seen to benefit from WASH services can pose conflict risks (North Kivu, Aweil)•Accountability: Understanding the nature of accountability relationships between different groups is key (incl chiefs, churches)

A plausible framework?

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Collective action

Visibility

Opportunity

Inclusion

Account-ability

Citizen expectatio

ns and relations

Conditioning factors Conditioning factorsEntry points (mediating factors thatcan be considered at programming level)

References:

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Yardley (2013) Double dividends: Exploring how water, sanitation and hygiene programmes can contribute to peace- and state-building. Teddington, UK: Tearfund. http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/WASH%20and%20PBSB%20policy%20FINAL%20web%20(1).pdf Pickwick (2013) Double dividends? Exploring how Tearfund’s water, sanitation and hygiene programmes in South Sudan can contribute to peace- and state-building. Humanitarian Exchange Magazine, Issue 57 May 2013. http://www.odihpn.org/humanitarian-exchange-magazine/issue-57/double-dividends-exploring-how-tearfunds-water-sanitation-and-hygiene-programmes-in-south-sudan-can-contribute-to-peace-and-state-building

Wild and Mason (2012) Examining the role of WASH services within peace- and state- building processes: findings from Tearfund programmes in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Republic of South Sudan. London: Overseas Development Institute. http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/7329-wash-conflict-fragile-states-water-governance

Kooy and Wild (2012) WASH service delivery in South Sudan: Contributions to Peace building and State building. ODI research report, London: Overseas Development Institute. http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/7331-wash-conflict-water-fragile

Kooy and Bailey (2012) WASH service delivery in DRC: Contributions to peace building and state building. ODI research report, London: Overseas Development Institute. http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/7330-tearfund-water-sanitation-hygiene-service-delivery-democratic-republic-congo-contributions-peace-building-state-building

Mason (2012) Relationships between water supply, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) service delivery and peace-building and state-building: a review of the literature. ODI working paper 362, London: Overseas Development Institute. http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/7132-water-supply-sanitation-hygiene-wash-peace-state-building

Questions:

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1.        How could things be done differently - tomorrow - in WASH interventions in fragile states?

2.        What are the obstacles or challenges related to WASH and peace/state building?

3.        What are the skills and capacities required within the WASH sector (donors, NGOs, governments) to enable positive impacts on peace and state building? 

4.        How could WASH interventions make a smoother transition between humanitarian and development activities?

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