Post on 13-Jul-2020
transcript
The Pulse of Democracy in the Americas:Results from the 2019 AmericasBarometer Study
Dr. Elizabeth J. ZechmeisterDr. Noam Lupu
October 15, 2019
AmericasBarometer Partners
Representative samples (national & subnational)
Standardized methods
Common core content
Colombia Sep-Dec, 2018Costa Rica Sep-Oct, 2018Honduras Oct-Nov, 2018Panama Oct-Dec, 2018El Salvador Nov-Dec, 2018Brazil Jan-Mar, 2019Guatemala Jan-Mar, 2019Mexico Jan-Mar, 2019Ecuador Jan-Mar, 2019Peru Feb-Mar, 2019Paraguay Feb-Apr, 2019
100% interviews audited (location, integrity, & quality)
100% e-devices
Transparency & full dissemination of data and reports
2018/19 Round
Chile Jan-Mar, 2019Argentina Feb-Apr, 2019Jamaica Feb-Apr, 2019Uruguay Mar-May, 2019Bolivia Mar-May, 2019Nicaragua Apr-May, 2019Dominican Rep Apr-May, 2019Canada Jun-Jul, 2019United States July, 2019
Presentation Outline
Part I: Declines in Support for Democracy
Part II: Contributing Factors to the Democratic Deficit
Part III: What Predicts Democratic Support?
Part I. Declines in Support for Democracy
“Democracy may have problems, but it is better than any other form of government.” To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Strongly Disagree Strongly Agree
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Support Democracy
Support for democracy is at an all-time low in the LAC region
ING4. Democracy may have problems, but it is better than any other form of government. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 5, 6, 7 coded as “support”.
67.6% 69.2% 68.4% 67.3% 66.4%58.2% 57.7%
0
20
40
60
80
Supp
ort f
or D
emoc
racy
(%)
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016/17 2018/19
Survey Wave
95 % Confidence Interval (with Design-Effects)
Source: AmericasBarometer, LAPOP, 2018/19; (GM August 2019)
Note: On average, the young are less supportive.
Support for democracy is low: Peru, Bolivia, Guatemala, and Honduras
ING4. Democracy may have problems, but it is better than any other form of government. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 5, 6, 7 coded as “support”.
45.0%
48.9%
49.1%
49.3%
51.2%
51.2%
51.5%
53.8%
54.4%
58.6%
59.2%
60.0%
60.2%
62.7%
63.9%
71.1%
71.7%
72.4%
74.3%
76.2%
Honduras
Guatemala
Bolivia
Peru
Jamaica
Paraguay
Nicaragua
Panama
Ecuador
El Salvador
Dominican Republic
Brazil
Colombia
Mexico
Chile
Argentina
United States
Costa Rica
Canada
Uruguay
0 20 40 60 80
Support for Democracy (%)2018/19
95 % Confidence Interval (with Design-Effects)
Source: AmericasBarometer, LAPOP, 2018/19; (GM August 2019)
Support for democracy has declined in a number of countries
Increased: Brazil Chile Colombia El Salvador Mexico Paraguay
ING4. Democracy may have problems, but it is better than any other form of government. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 5, 6, 7 coded as “support”.
45.0%
48.9%
49.1%
49.3%
51.2%
51.2%
51.5%
53.8%
54.4%
58.6%
59.2%
60.0%
60.2%
62.7%
63.9%
71.1%
71.7%
72.4%
74.3%
76.2%
Honduras
Guatemala
Bolivia
Peru
Jamaica
Paraguay
Nicaragua
Panama
Ecuador
El Salvador
Dominican Republic
Brazil
Colombia
Mexico
Chile
Argentina
United States
Costa Rica
Canada
Uruguay
0 20 40 60 80
Support for Democracy (%)2018/19
95 % Confidence Interval (with Design-Effects)
Source: AmericasBarometer, LAPOP, 2018/19; (GM August 2019)
Decreased: Argentina Bolivia Jamaica Honduras Nicaragua Panama Uruguay
In LAC region since 2016/17, support has:
Satisfaction with democracy has decreased since 2010
PN4. In general, would you say that you are very satisfied, satisfied, dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with the way democracy works in (country)? Graph shows % very satisfied or satisfied (vs. not).
52.3%49.6% 52.4%
58.7% 57.8%53.4%
40.8% 39.6%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Satis
fied/
Very
Sat
isfie
d w
ith D
emoc
racy
(%)
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016/17 2018/19
Survey Wave
95 % Confidence Interval (with Design-Effects)
Source: AmericasBarometer, LAPOP, 2018/19; (GM August 2019)
A minority of the public is satisfied with how democracy works
PN4. In general, would you say that you are very satisfied, satisfied, dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with the way democracy works in (country)?
26.1%
28.0%
29.3%
32.2%
35.5%
35.9%
36.6%
38.7%
40.8%
41.0%
41.2%
41.7%
42.6%
43.1%
45.6%
46.4%
46.4%
55.8%
59.5%
76.2%
Panama
Peru
Colombia
Jamaica
Argentina
Honduras
El Salvador
Ecuador
Bolivia
Guatemala
Chile
Brazil
Paraguay
Dominican Republic
Costa Rica
Mexico
Nicaragua
United States
Uruguay
Canada
0 20 40 60 80
Satisfied/Very Satisfied with Democracy (%)2018/19
95 % Confidence Interval (with Design-Effects)
Source: AmericasBarometer, LAPOP, 2018/19; (GM August 2019)
A minority of the public is satisfied with how democracy works
PN4. In general, would you say that you are very satisfied, satisfied, dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with the way democracy works in (country)?
In LAC region since 2016/17, satisfaction has:
26.1%
28.0%
29.3%
32.2%
35.5%
35.9%
36.6%
38.7%
40.8%
41.0%
41.2%
41.7%
42.6%
43.1%
45.6%
46.4%
46.4%
55.8%
59.5%
76.2%
Panama
Peru
Colombia
Jamaica
Argentina
Honduras
El Salvador
Ecuador
Bolivia
Guatemala
Chile
Brazil
Paraguay
Dominican Republic
Costa Rica
Mexico
Nicaragua
United States
Uruguay
Canada
0 20 40 60 80
Satisfied/Very Satisfied with Democracy (%)2018/19
95 % Confidence Interval (with Design-Effects)
Source: AmericasBarometer, LAPOP, 2018/19; (GM August 2019)
Increased: Brazil Chile Mexico Paraguay
Decreased: Argentina Bolivia Costa Rica Ecuador El Salvador Nicaragua Panama Uruguay
Trust in elections continues to slip
B47A. To what extent do you trust elections in this country? 5, 6, 7 coded as “trust”.
45.5%41.4% 39.9% 38.0%
0
10
20
30
40
50
Trus
t in
Elec
tions
(%)
2012 2014 2016/17 2018/19
Survey Wave
95 % Confidence Interval (with Design-Effects)
Source: AmericasBarometer, LAPOP, 2018/19; (GM August 2019)
21.7%
29.1%
30.6%
31.6%
32.9%
33.2%
33.2%
33.6%
33.7%
35.3%
38.3%
38.4%
42.3%
42.3%
42.9%
43.7%
47.5%
47.7%
65.3%
68.0%
Honduras
Dominican Republic
Jamaica
Guatemala
Colombia
Brazil
Peru
Panama
Bolivia
Paraguay
El Salvador
Argentina
Mexico
United States
Ecuador
Nicaragua
Chile
Costa Rica
Canada
Uruguay
0 20 40 60 80
Trust in Election (%)2018/19
95 % Confidence Interval (with Design-Effects)
Source: AmericasBarometer, LAPOP, 2018/19; (GM August 2019); b47a
Trust in elections is highest in Uruguay, lowest in Honduras
B47A. To what extent do you trust elections in this country? 5, 6, 7 coded as “trust”.
21.7%
29.1%
30.6%
31.6%
32.9%
33.2%
33.2%
33.6%
33.7%
35.3%
38.3%
38.4%
42.3%
42.3%
42.9%
43.7%
47.5%
47.7%
65.3%
68.0%
Honduras
Dominican Republic
Jamaica
Guatemala
Colombia
Brazil
Peru
Panama
Bolivia
Paraguay
El Salvador
Argentina
Mexico
United States
Ecuador
Nicaragua
Chile
Costa Rica
Canada
Uruguay
0 20 40 60 80
Trust in Election (%)2018/19
95 % Confidence Interval (with Design-Effects)
Source: AmericasBarometer, LAPOP, 2018/19; (GM August 2019); b47a
Trust in elections is highest in Uruguay, lowest in Honduras
In LAC region since 2016/17, trust in elections has:
B47A. To what extent do you trust elections in this country? 5, 6, 7 coded as “trust”.
Decreased: Bolivia Costa Rica Dominican Rep. Ecuador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua Panama Peru Uruguay
Increased: Brazil Chile Colombia Mexico
Tolerance for dissolving Congress (in times of crisis) is rising
14.8% 14.1%16.3%
20.4%
23.9%
0
5
10
15
20
25
Supp
ort C
ongr
essi
onal
Shu
tdow
n (%
)
2010 2012 2014 2016/17 2018/19
Survey Wave
95 % Confidence Interval (with Design-Effects)
Source: AmericasBarometer, LAPOP, 2018/19; (GM August 2019); jc15a
Do you believe that when the country is facing very difficult times it is justifiable for the president of the country to close the Congress and govern without Congress?
Tolerance for dissolving Congress has increased five countries
JC15A. Do you believe that when the country is facing very difficult times it is justifiable for the president of the country to close the Congress and govern without Congress?
Increased: Dominican Rep. Honduras Jamaica Mexico Peru
In LAC region since 2016/17, tolerance has:
Spotlight on Tolerance for Dissolving Congress in Peru
3 in 5 Peruvians agree it can be justifiable to close congress
+ 21.1 percentage points since 2017
Wealthier and middle aged cohorts are more tolerant
Related: only 8% of Peruvians trust Congress
JC15A. Do you believe that when the country is facing very difficult times it is justifiable for the president of the country to close the Congress and govern without Congress?
Part II. Contributing to the Democratic Deficit: Insecurity, Corruption, Economic Vulnerability
1 in 4 are crime victims
VIC1EXT. Now, changing the subject, have you been a victim of any type of crime in the past 12 months? That is, have you been a victim of robbery, burglary, assault, fraud, blackmail, extortion, violent threats or any other type of crime in the past 12 months? LAC-18 countries only.
Crime victimization is most widespread in Peru
11.7%
13.7%
16.4%
17.7%
18.5%
19.4%
20.4%
20.6%
21.5%
22.0%
22.2%
23.4%
24.0%
25.5%
28.2%
28.8%
29.3%
31.1%
32.9%
35.8%
Jamaica
Canada
United States
Nicaragua
Brazil
Honduras
Guatemala
El Salvador
Panama
Paraguay
Costa Rica
Colombia
Chile
Dominican Republic
Bolivia
Ecuador
Uruguay
Argentina
Mexico
Peru
0 10 20 30 40
Crime Victim (%)2018/19
95 % Confidence Interval (with Design-Effects)
Source: AmericasBarometer, LAPOP, 2018/19; (GM August 2019)
VIC1EXT. Now, changing the subject, have you been a victim of any type of crime in the past 12 months? That is, have you been a victim of robbery, burglary, assault, fraud, blackmail, extortion, violent threats or any other type of crime in the past 12 months?
11.7%
13.7%
16.4%
17.7%
18.5%
19.4%
20.4%
20.6%
21.5%
22.0%
22.2%
23.4%
24.0%
25.5%
28.2%
28.8%
29.3%
31.1%
32.9%
35.8%
Jamaica
Canada
United States
Nicaragua
Brazil
Honduras
Guatemala
El Salvador
Panama
Paraguay
Costa Rica
Colombia
Chile
Dominican Republic
Bolivia
Ecuador
Uruguay
Argentina
Mexico
Peru
0 10 20 30 40
Crime Victim (%)2018/19
95 % Confidence Interval (with Design-Effects)
Source: AmericasBarometer, LAPOP, 2018/19; (GM August 2019)
In LAC region since 2016/17, victimization has:
Decreased: Brazil
Increased: Argentina Panama Uruguay
VIC1EXT. Now, changing the subject, have you been a victim of any type of crime in the past 12 months? That is, have you been a victim of robbery, burglary, assault, fraud, blackmail, extortion, violent threats or any other type of crime in the past 12 months?
Crime victimization is most widespread in Peru
Insecurity continues to rise
Speaking of the neighborhoodwhere you live and thinking of thepossibility of being assaulted orrobbed, do you feel … very unsafe?
14.3% 13.9%
11.0% 11.0%
8.2%
12.2%
17.0%
19.2%
0
5
10
15
20
Feel
s Ve
ry In
secu
re (%
)
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016/17 2018/19
Survey Wave
95 % Confidence Interval (with Design-Effects)
Source: AmericasBarometer, LAPOP, 2018/19; (GM August 2019)
Insecurity has increased in most countries in the region
Decreased: Brazil
AOJ11. Speaking of the neighborhood where you live and thinkingof the possibility of being assaulted or robbed, do you feel verysafe, somewhat safe, somewhat unsafe or very unsafe? Insecurityis coded as those individuals who said they feel very unsafe.
Increased: Bolivia Chile Costa Rica Ecuador El Salvador Mexico Nicaragua Panama Peru
In LAC region since 2016/17, insecurity has:
Corruption Victimization (bribe solicitation)
EXC2. Has a police officer asked you for a bribe in the last twelve months?
EXC6. In the last twelve months, did any government employee ask you for a bribe?
EXC11. In the last twelve months, to process any kind of document in your local government, like a permit for example, did you have to pay any money above that required by law?
EXC13. In your work, have you been asked to pay a bribe in the last twelve months?
EXC14. Did you have to pay a bribe to the courts in the last twelve months?
EXC15. In order to be seen in a hospital or a clinic in the last twelve months, did you have to pay a bribe?
EXC16. Have you had to pay a bribe at school in the last twelve months?
*This series of corruption victimization is converted to an index and then the percentage of respondents who were victims is calculated.
Bribe solicitation dropped slightly
20.3%18.7% 18.0%
19.8%18.3%
19.8%18.7%
0
5
10
15
20
Cor
rupt
ion
Vict
imiz
atio
n
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016/17 2018/19
Survey Wave
95 % Confidence Interval (with Design-Effects)
Source: AmericasBarometer, LAPOP; (GM August 2019)
Bribe victimization is most widespread in Bolivia and Mexico
5.9%
6.8%
8.3%
10.9%
11.0%
11.7%
13.3%
15.6%
16.4%
17.1%
19.4%
23.5%
25.3%
26.3%
26.6%
28.3%
32.2%
38.0%
Uruguay
Chile
Costa Rica
Jamaica
Brazil
El Salvador
Colombia
Panama
Nicaragua
Argentina
Guatemala
Dominican Republic
Honduras
Peru
Ecuador
Paraguay
Mexico
Bolivia
0 10 20 30 40
Corruption Victimization (%)2018/19
95 % Confidence Interval (with Design-Effects)
Source: AmericasBarometer, LAPOP, 2018/19; (GM August 2019)
5.9%
6.8%
8.3%
10.9%
11.0%
11.7%
13.3%
15.6%
16.4%
17.1%
19.4%
23.5%
25.3%
26.3%
26.6%
28.3%
32.2%
38.0%
Uruguay
Chile
Costa Rica
Jamaica
Brazil
El Salvador
Colombia
Panama
Nicaragua
Argentina
Guatemala
Dominican Republic
Honduras
Peru
Ecuador
Paraguay
Mexico
Bolivia
0 10 20 30 40
Corruption Victimization (%)2018/19
95 % Confidence Interval (with Design-Effects)
Source: AmericasBarometer, LAPOP, 2018/19; (GM August 2019)
In LAC region since 2016/17, bribery has:
Decreased: Chile Guatemala Nicaragua
Bribe victimization is most widespread in Bolivia and Mexico
Perceptions of corruption are elevated
EXC7NEW. Thinking of politicians in [country], how many do you believe are involved in corruption?
Graph shows % “more than half” or “all” are corrupt.
43.1%
50.3%
53.4%
54.2%
61.7%
64.2%
64.3%
64.5%
65.4%
67.0%
68.1%
68.7%
68.9%
73.2%
73.3%
75.4%
79.0%
79.0%
84.7%
United States
Uruguay
Nicaragua
Costa Rica
Jamaica
El Salvador
Ecuador
Paraguay
Mexico
Chile
Bolivia
Dominican Republic
Honduras
Argentina
Guatemala
Colombia
Panama
Brazil
Peru
0 20 40 60 80 100
More than Half/All are Corrupt (%)2018/19
95 % Confidence Interval (with Design-Effects)
Source: AmericasBarometer, LAPOP, 2018/19; (GM August 2019)
Perceptions of corruption are elevated
43.1%
50.3%
53.4%
54.2%
61.7%
64.2%
64.3%
64.5%
65.4%
67.0%
68.1%
68.7%
68.9%
73.2%
73.3%
75.4%
79.0%
79.0%
84.7%
United States
Uruguay
Nicaragua
Costa Rica
Jamaica
El Salvador
Ecuador
Paraguay
Mexico
Chile
Bolivia
Dominican Republic
Honduras
Argentina
Guatemala
Colombia
Panama
Brazil
Peru
0 20 40 60 80 100
More than Half/All are Corrupt (%)2018/19
95 % Confidence Interval (with Design-Effects)
Source: AmericasBarometer, LAPOP, 2018/19; (GM August 2019)
In LAC region since 2016/17, perceptions of corruption have:
Decreased: Brazil Chile Mexico Paraguay
Increased: Argentina Bolivia Costa Rica Dominican Rep. Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua Peru Uruguay
More than 1-in-2 adults reports the national economy has gotten worse over the prior twelve months
SOCT2. Do you think that the country's current economic situation is better than, the same as or worse than it was 12 months ago? Graphs shows % who respond “worse”
40.9%44.3%
36.8% 36.1%
45.0%
57.9% 56.6%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016/17 2018/19
Economy has Worsened, by Wave
95 % Confidence Interval (with Design-Effects)
Source: AmericasBarometer, LAPOP; (GM August 2019)
National economic evaluations vary dramatically across countries
SOCT2. Do you think that the country's current economic situation is better than, the same as or worse than it was 12 months ago? Graphs shows % who respond “worse”.
24.1%
28.3%
29.6%
34.0%
35.6%
39.1%
39.2%
41.7%
52.2%
54.2%
54.9%
57.4%
59.8%
63.8%
65.0%
71.9%
74.8%
78.0%
83.9%
84.7%
United States
Canada
Mexico
Brazil
Jamaica
Chile
Bolivia
Peru
Paraguay
Uruguay
El Salvador
Colombia
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Guatemala
Costa Rica
Honduras
Panama
Nicaragua
Argentina
0 20 40 60 80 100
National Economic Situation is Worse
95 % Confidence Interval (with Design-Effects)
Source: AmericasBarometer, LAPOP, 2018/19; (GM August 2019)
National economic evaluations vary dramatically across countries
24.1%
28.3%
29.6%
34.0%
35.6%
39.1%
39.2%
41.7%
52.2%
54.2%
54.9%
57.4%
59.8%
63.8%
65.0%
71.9%
74.8%
78.0%
83.9%
84.7%
United States
Canada
Mexico
Brazil
Jamaica
Chile
Bolivia
Peru
Paraguay
Uruguay
El Salvador
Colombia
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Guatemala
Costa Rica
Honduras
Panama
Nicaragua
Argentina
0 20 40 60 80 100
National Economic Situation is Worse
95 % Confidence Interval (with Design-Effects)
Source: AmericasBarometer, LAPOP, 2018/19; (GM August 2019)
Decreased: Bolivia Brazil Chile El Salvador Jamaica Mexico Paraguay
Increased: Argentina Costa Rica Dominican Rep. Honduras Nicaragua Panama Uruguay
“Increased” means that more people say the national economy is worse off compared to 2016/17. “Decreased” means that fewer people think the economy is worse off in 2018/19 than they did in 2016/17.
Since 2016/17, poor evaluations have:
Perceptions of a poor personal economic situation have been increasing since 2012
IDIO2. Do you think that your economic situation is better than, the same as, or worse than it was 12 months ago? Graphs shows % who respond “worse”.
Pessimism about personal economic evaluations varies across countries
IDIO2. Do you think that your economic situation is better than, the same as, or worse than it was 12 months ago? Graphs shows % who respond “worse”.
Pessimism about personal economic evaluations varies across countries
IDIO2. Do you think that your economic situation is better than, the same as, or worse than it was 12 months ago? Graphs shows % who respond “worse”.
Decreased: Brazil El Salvador Jamaica Mexico Paraguay
Since 2016/17, poor evaluations have:
Increased: Argentina Colombia Costa Rica Honduras Nicaragua Panama
Food insecurity a challenge in many places, esp. Jamaica and Honduras
FS2. In the past three months, because of a lack of money or other resources, did your household ever run out of food? Yes / No
Since 2012, food insecurity has:
Increased: Ecuador Honduras Jamaica Mexico
This question was only asked in a subset of countries, and had not been asked since 2012.
Spotlight on Food Insecurity in Honduras
Food insecurity affects 2 in 5 in Honduras
Increased by 171% between 2012 and 2018
Older individuals, those who are poorer, and those with children under 13 at home are more likely to experience food insecurity
45.6% who have experienced food insecurity express intentions to emigrate, compared to 33.5% who have not run out of food in the last three months
FS2. In the past three months, because of a lack of money or other resources, did your household ever run out of food? Yes / No
2018
Part III. What Predicts Support for Democracy? Security, Rule of Law, Prosperity, Social Media, and Elections
IIIA. Lower levels of democratic attitudes are connected to security, corruption, and economic vulnerability
Democratic attitudes are loweramong those who:
(Lower)Support for Democracy
(Lower) Satisfaction with
Democracy(Lower)
Trust in Elections
(Lower)Intolerance of
Dissolving Congress
Are victims of a crime
Feel very insecure
Were asked for bribe(s)
Think most/all politicians are corrupt
Perceive worse national economy
Report a worse household economy
Note: Checkmarks indicate a statistically significant negative relationships. Results of regression analysis of 2018/19 data,controlling for SES/demographic factors and including country fixed effects.
IIIB: Democratic Attitudes Vary by Social Media Use
In the LAC region, the 2018/19 AmericasBarometer finds:
Social media use is widespread, especially WhatsApp and Facebook
Frequent social media users are more supportive of democracy
Frequent social media users are less satisfied with democracy and less trusting in elections (and other institutions)
Social media use is prevalent among adults in the LAC region
Support for democracy is highest among frequent social media users in the LAC region
Support for democracy = % agreeing that“democracy…better than any other form of gov’t.”
High users: Access social media on Facebook,Whatsapp and/or Twitter daily or weekly.
Low users: Access monthly or yearly.
Non-users do not access social media.
Satisfaction and trust in elections are lower among frequent social media users in the LAC region
IIIC: Elections are Democracy-Promoting
In the LAC region, the 2018/19 AmericasBarometer finds:
The more proximate a national election was to the 2018/19 fieldwork, the more positive the shifts in public support for democracy
Mexico, Brazil, and Colombia in particular benefitted from recent elections
Honduras demonstrates that not all elections have positive consequences
The recency of elections is associated with increasing support for democracy
ColombiaBrazil
Costa Rica
Mexico
Paraguay
Honduras
ChileEcuador
Nicaragua
PeruDominican RepublicJamaica
Guatemala
ArgentinaUruguay Bolivia
Panama
El Salvador
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Shift
in S
uppo
rt fo
r D
emoc
racy
201
6 to
201
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60Months Since Last President ial Elect ion at 2018/19
ING4. Democracy may have problems, but it is better than any other form of government. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 5, 6, 7 coded as “support”.
More recent elections
Shift
in S
uppo
rt fo
r Dem
ocra
cy, 2
016/
17 to
201
8/19
Months Since Last Presidential Election at Time of 2018/19 Survey
Brazil
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Paraguay
Honduras
Chile
EcuadorNicaragua
Peru
Dominican Republic
Jamaica
Argentina
Guatemala
Uruguay
Panama
Bolivia El Salvador
-20
-10
0
10
20
Shift
in S
atis
fact
ion
with
Dem
ocra
cy 2
016
to 2
018
0 10 20 30 40 50 60Months Since Last President ial Elect ion at 2018/19
The recency of elections is associated with increasing satisfaction with democracy
PN4. In general, would you say that you are very satisfied, satisfied, dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with the way democracy works in (country)? Graph shows % very satisfied or satisfied (vs. not).
More recent elections
Shift
in S
atisf
actio
n w/
Dem
ocra
cy, 2
016/
17 to
201
8/19
Months Since Last Presidential Election at Time of 2018/19 Survey
Colombia
Brazil
Costa Rica
Mexico
Paraguay
Honduras
Chile
Ecuador
Nicaragua
PeruDominican Republic
Jamaica ArgentinaGuatemala
Uruguay
Bolivia
PanamaEl Salvador
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Shift
in T
rust
in E
lect
ions
201
6 to
201
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60Months Since Last President ial Elect ion at 2018/19
The recency of elections is associated with increasing trust in elections
B47A. To what extent do you trust elections in this country? 5, 6, 7 coded as “trust”.
More recent elections
Shift
in Tr
ust i
n El
ectio
ns, 2
016/
17 to
201
8/19
Months Since Last Presidential Election at Time of 2018/19 Survey
Report Credits
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This study was made possible thanks to the support of the United States Agency for International Development. The opinions expressed in this study correspondto the authors and do not necessarily reflect the point of view of the United States Agency for International Development.
Authors:Noam Lupu
Elizabeth J. Zechmeister
Daniel MontalvoGeorgina Pizzolitto
Alexa RainsMaita SchadeCarole Wilson
Rubí AranaFernanda BoidiOscar CastorenaSebastian Larrea
Tonya Mills
LAPOP Central Team:
Research Assistants:Kaitlen Cassell
Claire Evans