Post on 01-May-2015
transcript
Dr. Jeffrey MorrisSound Resource ManagementOlympia, Washington, USA360-867-1033Jeff.Morris@zerowaste.com
The Environmental & Economic Waste Caused by Incineration
Gli sprechi ambientali ed economici causati dalla pratica dell’incenerimento
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
Raw Materials Acquisition
Materials Manufacture
Product Manufacture
Product Use or Consumption
Final Disposition – Landfill,
Combustion, Recycle or
Reuse
Energy Energy EnergyEnergyEnergy
Wastes & Pollution
Wastes & Pollution
Wastes & Pollution
Wastes & Pollution
Reuse
Product Recycling
One or limited number of return cycles into product that is then disposed – open-loop recycling. Repeated recycling into same or similar product, keeping material from disposal – closed-loop recycling.
Raw Materials Acquisition
Materials Manufacture
Product Manufacture
Product Use or Consumption
Final Disposition – Landfill,
Combustion, Recycle or
Reuse
Energy Energy EnergyEnergyEnergy
Wastes & Pollution
Wastes & Pollution
Wastes & Pollution
Wastes & Pollution
Reuse
Product Recycling
One or limited number of return cycles into product that is then disposed – open-loop recycling. Repeated recycling into same or similar product, keeping material from disposal – closed-loop recycling.
Analisi sul ciclo di vita
Energia Energia Energia Energia Energia
Rifiuti ed inquinamento
Rifiuti ed inquinamento
Rifiuti ed inquinamento
Rifiuti ed inquinamento
Riuso
Acquisizione materie prime
Materiali da lavorazione
Prodotti da fabbricazione
Prodotti da uso o
consumo
Collocamento finale in discarica,
combustione riciclaggio o riuso
Energy Use: Recycled & Virgin Content Products (MJ/kg)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Recycled
Virgin
28x
2x 2x
4x 8x
8x 1.3x
Utilizzo di energia per prodotti da materia riciclata e materia vergine (MJ/Kg)
Allum
inio
Plast
ica
PET
Plast
ica
HDPE
Giorn
ali
Carto
ne
Accia
ioVet
ro
Riciclata
Vergine
Energy Savings: Recycling versus Incineration (MJ/kg)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Recycling
Incineration
4x 3x
3x 3x 25x 30x
324x Riciclaggio
Incenerimento
Risparmio di energia: riciclaggio contro incenerimento (MJ/Kg)
Lattin
e
Bottiglie
PET
Bottiglie
HDPE
Giorn
ali
Carto
ne
Latta
Vaset
ti ve
tro
CO2 Emissions: Recycled &Virgin Content Products (kg eCO2/kg)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Recycled
Virgin
8x 7x
4x
3x
3x
11x
2x
Emissioni di CO2 per prodotti da materia riciclata e materia vergine (Kg eCO2/Kg)
Allum
inio
Plast
ica
PET
Plast
ica
HDPE
Giorn
ali
Carto
ne
Accia
io
Vetro
Riciclata
Vergine
CO2 Emissions: Recycling versus Incineration (kg eCO2/kg)
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Recycling
Incineration
8x
11x
1.3x
Emissioni di CO2: riciclaggio contro incenerimento (kg eCO2/kg)
Riciclaggio
Incenerimento
Vaset
ti ve
tro
Lattin
e
Bottiglie
PET
Giorn
ali
Carto
ne
Latta
Bottiglie
HDPE
CO2 Emissions: Composting versus Incineration (kg eCO2/kg)
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Composting
Incineration
15x 3x10x
Emissioni di CO2: compostaggio contro incenerimento (kg eCO2/kg)
Incenerimento
Compostaggio
Avanzi
alim
enta
ri
Sfalc
i da
giard
ino
Carta
Toxics Emissions: Recycled & Virgin Products (kg eToluene/kg)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Recycled
Virgin
8x
5x
2x
1.2x
4x
5x
2x
Emissioni tossiche per prodotti da materia riciclata e materia vergine (Kg eToulene/Kg)
Riciclata
Vergine
Allum
inio
Plast
ica
PET
Plast
ica
HDPE
Giorn
ali
Carto
ne
Accia
ioVet
ro
Toxics Emissions: Recycling vs. Incineration (kg eToluene/kg)
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
Recycling
Incineration
Emissioni tossiche: riciclaggio contro incenerimento (kg eToluene/kg)
Riciclaggio
Incenerimento
Lattin
e
Bottiglie
PET
Bottiglie
HDPE
Giorn
ali
Carto
ne
Latta
Vaset
ti ve
tro
Toxics Emissions: Composting vs. Incineration (kg eToluene/kg)
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
Composting
Incineration
Emissioni tossiche: compostaggio contro incenerimento (kg eToluene/kg)
Sfalc
i da
giard
ino
Avanzi
alim
enta
ri
Carta
Compostaggio
Incenerimento
EcoToxics Emissions: Recycled & Virgin Products (kg e2,4-D/kg)
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
0.045
0.05
Recycled
Virgin
2x 1.4x
2x 2x 1.1x
17x
2x
Emissioni EcoTossiche per prodotti da materia riciclata e materia vergine (Kg e2,4-D/Kg)
Allum
inio
Plast
ica
PET
Plast
ica
HDPE
Giorn
ali
Vetro
Carto
ne
Accia
io
Riciclata
Vergine
EcoToxics Emissions: Recycling vs. Incineration (kg e2,4-D/kg)
-0.045
-0.04
-0.035
-0.03
-0.025
-0.02
-0.015
-0.01
-0.005
0
0.005
Recycling
Incineration
Carto
ne
Latta
Vaset
ti ve
tro
Lattin
e
Bottiglie
PET
Bottiglie
HDPE
Giorn
ali
Riciclaggio
Incenerimento
Emissioni EcoTossiche: riciclaggio contro incenerimento (kg e2,4-D/kg)
EcoToxics Emissions:Composting vs. Incineration (kg e2,4-D/kg)
-0.045
-0.04
-0.035
-0.03
-0.025
-0.02
-0.015
-0.01
-0.005
0
0.005
Composting
IncinerationIncenerimento
Emissioni EcoTossiche: compostaggio contro incenerimento (kg e2,4-D/kg)
Sfalc
i da
giard
ino
Avanzi
alim
enta
ri
Carta
Compostaggio
Market Value of Recyclables – US Northwest (US$ per short ton)
$0.00
$20.00
$40.00
$60.00
$80.00
$100.00
$120.00
$140.00
$160.00
$180.00
85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
$33
$50
$64
$88
Valore di mercato dei riclabili - US Northwest (US$ per short ton)
Value of Pollution Reductions from Recycling & Composting
Discard Type Environmental Value (US$/metric ton)
Newspapers $367
Cardboard 467
Mixed Paper 172
Glass Containers 61
PET Plastics 712
HDPE Plastics 310
Other Plastics 310
Aluminum Cans 1,607
Ferrous Cans & Scrap 17
Food Scraps 62
Yard & Garden Debris 61
Compostable Paper 52
Valore della riduzione di inquinamento grazie al riciclaggio e al compostaggio
Giornali
Carta mista
Plastiche PET
Altre plastiche
Contenitori di ferro e rottami
Sfalci da giardino e ramaglie
Cartone
Contenitori di vetro
Plastiche HDPE
Lattine in alluminio
Avanzi alimentari
Carta compostabile
References
1) Dijkgraaf, Elbert, and Herman R.J. Vollebergh, Burn or bury? A social cost comparison of final waste disposal methods, Ecological Economics 50(2004) 233-247.
2) Morawski, Clarissa, The New “Eco-Currency”: New model monetizes environmental benefits and reveals new cost savings in waste diversion, Solid Waste & Recycling, December/January 2008.
3) Morris, Jeffrey, Comparative LCAs for curbside recycling versus either landfilling or incineration with energy recovery, International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 10 4 (2005) 273-284.
4) Morris, Jeffrey, and Jennifer Bagby, Measuring environmental value for natural lawn and garden care practices, International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment (forthcoming in 2008).
5) Morris, Jeffrey, Recycling versus incineration: An energy conservation analysis, Journal of Hazardous Materials 47 (1996) 277-293.
6) Rand, T., J. Haukohl, U. Marxen, Municipal solid waste incineration: A decision maker’s guide, The World Bank: Washington, DC (June 2000).
7) Sound Resource Management, The economics of recycling and recycled materials, The Clean Washington Center: Seattle, WA (June 1993).
Net Societal Costs of Landfill and Incineration Disposal
Netherlands (Euros) Northwest US (US$)
Costs per Metric Ton Landfill Incineration Inc +/(-) Lnd Landfill Incineration Inc +/(-) Lnd
Gross private costs 40 103 63
Energy recovery revenue (4) (21) (17)
Material recovery revenue 0 (3) (3)
Net private costs 36 79 43 20 - 23 80 - 111 57 - 91
Gross Environmental Costs 26 46 20
Energy recovery offset (4) (22) (18)
Material recovery offset 0 (6) (6)
Net Environmental Costs 22 18 (4) (6)
Net Societal Costs 58 97 39 51 - 85
Costi netti delle discariche e dell’incenerimento