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Dr. Turgut TumerDr. Turgut Tumer
Professor,Professor,
Middle East Technical University,Middle East Technical University,
TurkeyTurkey
• Former Associate Vice President, TUBITAK
• Turkey Vision 2023
• Several Research & Industrial Projects
• MSc and PhD, UK
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY OF TURKEY
past, present and the futureTurgut Tümer
METU, Dept. of Mech. Eng.tumer@metu.edu.tr
MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Innovation and Competitiveness Practitioners Workshop
19 April 2004Istanbul
TheWorld Bank
Milestones of the Turkish S&T policy
Present S&T system of Turkey and indicators
Where is Turkey now?
What is missing?
Planning for the future: Vision 2023 Project
Presentation Plan
1963: Basic research; Establishment of TÜBİTAK
1972: Strategic research; Marmara Research Center (TÜBİTAK-MAM)
1973: Technology development in five-year plan
1983: Comprehensive S&T policies: 1983-2003; Establishment of Supreme Council for S&T (SCST)
1993: Revised S&T Policies:1993-2003; Priority areas, National Innovation System
1995: Industrial S&T support programme
Milestones in S&T Policy of Turkey
Institutional framework
• SCST / TÜBİTAK (main actor)
• Universities / Public Research Institutes / Firms
• State Planning Organisation
• KOSGEB (SME Org.)
• TTGV (Tech. Dev. Found.)
• Turkish Patent Institute (TRIPS)
• National Metrology Institute (TÜBİTAK)
• Accreditation Board
• Technology Development Regions –Technoparks
S&T System of Turkey (1/8)
SCST in 1989-2003
• 1989 Inaugural meeting
• 1993
Priority Areas of S&T / Industrial R&D Support Program
• 1997-2003
Significant developments / action plans / implementations
S&T System of Turkey (2/8)
SCST 1993 Policy Approach
Strategic choice to acquire capabilities in science and technology,• not only to achieve excellence in scientific and
technological research,• but also to turn scientific and technological
findings into economical and/or social benefits.
Hence, the present S&T Policy of Turkey is based on the establishment of a National Innovation System
S&T System of Turkey (3/8)
Current Priority Areas of S&T
Information and communication Flexible manufacturing and automation Transportation (with particular interest in rail transport) Aeronautics, space and defence Genetic engineering and biotechnology (with
particular emphasis on agricultural applications in relation with the “South-Western Anatolian Project-GAP)
Environment friendly technologies and renewable energy systems
Eartquake related problems and disaster management
S&T System of Turkey (4/8)
TÜBİTAK
1. S&T policy formulation (Secretariat of SCST)
2. Academic R&D support (8 Grant Committees)
3. Industrial R&D support (TİDEB)
4. R&D manpower development
5. Popularisation of science (Books, magazines, journals)
6. International relations
7. In-house research (11 research institutes)
8. R&D support services (ULAKBİM, UME, labs.)
S&T System of Turkey (5/8)
• 71 Universities
1.900.00 students 1.100.000 undergraduates 110.000 graduates (of which 25.000 Ph.D) 240.000 open university 400.000 vocational training
76.000 academic staff 10.000 Professors 5.500 Associate Professors 12.500 Assistant Professors
• 150 public R&D institutions mostly agriculture, forestry, veterinary 11 research institutes of TUBITAK
• 1000 firms involved in R&D activities (%75 SMEs)
S&T System of Turkey (6/8)
100 M USD/year (excluding personnel)
SPO : 40% (Adv.Res.Proj.)
Ministry of Finance : 40% (Sci. Res. Proj.)
TÜBİTAK : 6 % (8 Grant Comm.)
Other (KOSGEB, ...) : 14%
Public Funds for Academic Research
S&T System of Turkey (7/8)
TÜBİTAK (Grant to the budget)
$157 million has been granted since 1995 for 959 projects
TTGV (Soft loan)
$130 million has been loaned since 1991 to 351 projects
KOSGEB (various)
Industrial R&D Support
S&T System of Turkey (8/8)
Outcome in ten years• Scientific publications 41(90):1177 25(00):6074 22(02):9303
• GERD in % of GDP%0.32(90) %0.64(00)
• R&D realised by business enterprise%20.4(90) %33.4(00)
• R&D financed by business enterprise%27.5(90) %42.9(00)
• R&D personnel intensity per 10,000 labour force7.5(90) 13.1(00)
S&T Indicators
Turkey on the Globe
• Demography : 1.1 %
• GDP (Wealth) : 0.6 %
• S&T (Knowledge) : 0.9 %
Turkey in the EU-13 Candidates• Demography : 37 %
• GDP (Wealth) : 21 %
• S&T (Knowledge) : 23 %One of the opportunities for Turkey is to create economic and social value added by utilizing
knowledge through technology development...
Where are we now?
What is missing?
Long term, strategic perspective
Public awareness / Community support
Committment of the Governments
Drive for innovation in industry
An integrated, well structured Turkish Research Area
Missing elements and harmonious operation of the National Innovation System
Missing elements of the NIS
Independent assessment institutions National R&D programmes in specific areas Diversified R&D support instruments Innovation Relay Centres Regional innovation systems National information infrastructure Mobility of researchers Speciliased technology service providers Seed capital, start-up support Venture Capital (investment, management) Public procrument, Off-sets
Arıkan, Akyos, Durgut, Göker, “NIS”, TÜSİAD Pub., 2003
VISION 2023PROJECT
EUROPEAN UNIONSIXTH FRAMEWORK
PROGRAM
USING S&T AS A LEVERAGEFOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
Two major steps in 2002towards planning for the future
Planning for the future
Decision of theSupreme Council of
Science and Technology (SCST)
A new national S&T policy document for the period 2003-2023 is to be prepared to build a
welfare society in 2023: 100’th Anniversary of the Foundation of the
Turkish Republic
Vision 2023 Project
Period: Jan. 2002 - 2004
TECHNOLOGY FORESIGHT
TECHNOLOGICAL CAPACITY
R&D MANPOWER
R&D INFRASTRUCTURE
2003-2023 STRATEGY DOCUMENT• S&T Vision• Strategic Technologies and R&D Priorities• Policy Recommendations
Vision 2023 Project
Steering Committee:
27 Public (Co-ordination: TUBITAK) 29 NGO’s and Chambers 9 Universities
Total of 65 bodies represented by high
ranking officials and managers
Turkish Technology Foresight Project - Organisation
Panels 10 sectoral, 2 thematic panels Over 200 meetings in one year
Delphi Survey 413 statements and 20 questions in 11 areas Reached 7000 experts / general anouncements Return rate (first round): 34% 44.000 statements: 105 response/statement
(Technology Demand)
(Technology Supply)
Turkish Technology Foresight Project - Methodology
11 Panels have come up with 95 "Technological Activity Area - TAA" , by utilising the results of the Delphi survey.
A road map was prepared for each TAA, which includes the list of "Technology Fields - TF" needed.
Prioritisation of the technology fields in progress.
Synthesis reports (4 volumes) to appear soon.
Strategy Document to be submitted to SCST in autumn 2004.
Current state of the project
Thank you for your attention
MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY