Dream team session

Warren Elvery (Australia)

Free draining – Red kraznozen

Not too sandy and not too heavy clay

Organic mater important

Gently undulating

Rainfall of 1,500 – 2,000mm per year

Avoid irrigation – expensive and high maintenance

Dry rainfall period during flowering

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Rainfall

dependant on cash flow ◦ 8m x 4m spacing = 312 trees/ha

◦ $15/tree = $4,680.00/ha

◦ 312 trees/ha over 100ha = 31,200 trees

New Australian Breeding Program Variety with - ◦ High kernel yielding variety ◦ Husk spot tolerant ◦ Open canopy ◦ Precocious ◦ Heat and cold tolerant ◦ Short drop period

Pollinators would be planted ◦ Compatibility with new varieties ◦ (508)

North South where possible

East/west if rows can be longer= more efficient

Planted at – ◦ 7m x 4m to maximise early yield

◦ Year 12-14 move to 7m x 8m with 50% tree removal

◦ hedge every second row then remove that hedged row (phased row removal)

◦ Final spacing at year 20 = 14m x 8m

Maximum length per row = 1km ◦ Consistent harvesting

V drains and waterways established

Rows would be mounded prior to planting

Ground covers established ◦ Not specifically sweet smother

minimal herbicide use

Year 5 production target = 0.5t of SK/ha

Year 10 production target = 1.5t of SK/ha

Year 20 production target = 2t of SK/ha

Year trees per ha t SK/ha KR % t NIS/ha kgs/tree

5 357 0.5 40% 1.25 / ha 3.5

10 357 1.5 40% 3.75 / ha 10.5

20 89 2.0 40% 5.00 /ha 56

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Year 12 Year 13-14 Year 15-16 Year 17-20 Year 20

Year Canopy Management

1-3 Pruning for density

4-8 Mechanical skirt where necessary

9-12

Selective limb removal to phase out trees

13-14

25% tree removal - every second tree in every second row

15-16

50% tree removal - Every second tree in every row

17-20

Hedge every 2nd row with view of removing that hedged row

20 Remove every second row

Encourage open canopy trees

Plant pest tolerant varieties

Plant trap crops

Large holding of one size of land is better than many of smaller parcels of land

Fewer neighbours the better

Focus on the long term returns

Focus on sustainability