Post on 15-Jul-2016
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Formulation of Drilling Fluid
Base FluidAdditives
Base Fluid
1. Fresh water2. Sea water3. Saline water4. Synthetic Oil5. Base Oil6. Edible Oil7. Air
1. Alkalinity Control Agents, pH control2. Borehole, Shale Stabilizers3. Corrosion Control4. Degreasers, Wetting Agents5. Emulsifiers6. Filtrate Control Agents7. Lost Circulation Materials8. Lubricants9. Non-Emulsifiers10.ROP Enhancers11.Spotting Fluids12.Sweeping Agents13.Thinners, Deflocculants14.Viscosifiers, Suspending Agents15.Weighting Agents
1. Bactericides2. Calcium removers3. Defoamers4. Foaming agents5. Pipe-freeing agents6. Surface active agents7. Flocculants
Additives
Given data:Mud Volume 60 m3Mud density 1.3 kg/l
How much weighting agent as barite of density 4.3 kg/l is added to make mud density 1.4 kg/l ?
Solution:Mud Volume 60 m3Mud density 1.3 kg/l
Make mud density 1.4 kg/l by adding weighting agent as barite of density 4.3 kg/l.
CF1 m3=1000 Lit
Let barite volume is V litOld mud volume=60 m3=60000 lOld mud weight=60000x1.3 kgBarite weight=Vx4.3 kgTotal new mud volume=(60000+V) lTotal new mud weight=(60000+V)x1.4 kg
Total new mud weight=Old mud weight + barite weight(60000+V)x1.4=60000x1.3+Vx4.3
(60000+V)x1.4=60000x1.3+Vx4.3
V=(1.4-1.3)x60000/(4.3-1.4)=2069 lit
Barite weight=2069x4.3=8896.6 kg=8.9 ton
Base Fluids
The aniline point of an oil is defined as the minimum temperature at which equal volumes of aniline (C 6H 5NH 2) and the oil are miscible.
Alkalinity Control Agents and PH control Agents
Control of the pH of various drilling muds is easy with alkalinity control agents . Agents help control the pH in water-based, oil-based, and synthetic-based muds using soda ash, lime, potassium hydroxide, Ph-6, caustic soda, or bicarbonate of soda.
Borehole Stabilizers and Shale Stabilizers
Drilling practices and the physical & chemical properties of drilling fluids can either enhance or erode borehole stability.
Borehole stabilizers serve as "preventive medicines" that help operators avoid the difficult and expensive tasks associated with remediating an unstable formation.
Corrosion Control
Prevent costly corrosion damagesPreventative treatment can help avoid the expense of corrosion-induced failures of drillstrings or casings. Corrosion-control treatments that mitigate the corrosive qualities of drilling and completion fluids and other factors affecting the downhole environment.
Product for a variety of corrosion types and applicationsWhether you encounter corrosion due to hydrogen sulfide, oxygen, or carbon dioxide.
The scavengers are engineered to tackle all types of corrosion. Baroid offers solutions that can be used directly in the fluid system without adversely affecting drilling fluids. Corrosion control product line also offers products for use in water-based, oil-based, or aerated drilling fluids.
Effective products that lower your costsBaroid’s corrosion control solutions reduce corrosion rates and help lower rig equipment, drill pipe maintenance and replacement costs. We offer corrosion control additives that are safe and easy to use.
Degreasers and Wetting Agents
Degreasers and wetting agents clean everything from casings to surface equipment while meeting environmental standards.
Degreasers penetrate oily film allowing it to be washed away, while wetting agents effectively displace diesel, mineral oil, and synthetic-based drilling fluids.
Emulsifiers
Emulsifiers that effectively promote stability by reducing the interfacial tension between water and oil. Emulsion fluids are offered in two varieties: either oil-in-water, categorized as direct or water-based; or water-in-oil, known as invert emulsion.
Filtrate Control Agents
Polymer and non-polymer fluids that serve as filtrate control agents to manage filtration rates and reduce filter cake permeability. These effective agents control the four basic mechanisms that affect filtration, including bridging, bonding,deflocculation, and viscosity.
Exercise
Given DataMud Volume 90 m3Density 1.3 kg/lSaline water density 1.1 kg/l
Case: Filtrate out 5000 l What is mud density after filtration?If we add FCA 11.4 kg/m3, density 1.03 kg/lWhat is mud density after add FCA?
Lost Circulation Materials
Drilling fluid is lost in fracture, vug etc.
Lubricants
Friction can be controlled with liquid lubricants that reduce the coefficient of friction between pipe and wellbore. Lubricants include polymers that effectively adhere to pipe surfaces and lessen adhesion between pipe and mud solids.
Non-Emulsifiers
Maximum wellbore productivityNon-emulsifiers work vigorously to prevent negative emulsions from occurring downhole and clogging the wellbore.
By preventing these negative reactions, you are leftwith maximum wellbore productivity, and enhanced wellbore production after cleanup.
Customized solutions using optimized technologyBaroid uses state of the art technologies to develop optimized products that will maximize your production. Our fluids are easily dispersed and compatible with a wide variety of brines, so no matter what your situation is, our engineers will customize a solution that works for you.Wellbore cleanup and displacementAs a crucial step in the completion process, we understand the importance of wellbore cleanup. Baroid’s non-emulsifiers help clean out drilling fluids that could potentially damage the reservoir, helping to enhance the productivity of the well.
ROP Enhancers
Rate of penetration (ROP) is a key metric of drilling performance. ROP enhancers that minimize friction and reduce bit bailing, clay sticking and other downhole aggravations that can quickly turn a good ROP into a potential problem.
Spotting Fluids
Operators know they are working against time when differential sticking stops their drill pipe. By applying spotting fluids within six hours of an occurrence, the drill team stands a fighting chance of seeing the fluids penetrate the filter cake to break it up - thereby freeing the pipe.
Sweeping Agents
Halliburton offers two viscosities of sweeping agents to help operators effectively remove cuttings from the wellbore. Turbulence associated with low viscosity sweeps stirs the cuttings bed, and high viscosity fluids "sweep" the solids to the surface.
Thinners, Deflocculants
Thinners and deflocculants that help maintain rheological properties amid hostile environments.
Thinning agents help reduce viscosity or prevent flocculation, and deflocculants are typically low-molecular weight anionic polymers that neutralizepositive charges.
Viscosifiers, Suspending Agents
Operators can adjust the properties of their fluids systems by employing viscosifiersand suspending agents.
These products let drilling teams respond to downhole conditions by altering rheological properties of their drilling fluids or enhancing the lowshear viscosities being employed.
Weighting Agents
Weighting agents let operators alter slurry density to restrain high formation pressures and improve mud displacement. Weighting agents also play important roles in preventing strength retrogression, decreasing cement-system permeability and helping to control settling and gelation.
Bactericides
It controls the growth of bacteria
Defoamers
It removes the foam
Foaming agents
It creates foam
Pipe-freeing agents
Surface active agents
Flocculants
It creates flocks