Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus

ESAT 4001

Diabetes

• Type I• Type II

Management of Diabetes

• Glucose monitoring• Diet and Exercise

Insulin Administration

• Synthesized from recombinant DNA

• Absorption rate tied to injection site– Recommended that

injection site remain same day to day• Controls insulin

reactions

• Avoid injecting into exercising muscles– Abdomen works well

in exercising population

Insulin Storage and Inspection

• Room temperature– Refrigerated after opened and not in

use

• Visually inspect prior to use– Clumping, frosting, precipitation, or

color changes may = loss of potency

Insulin Injection Devices

• Syringe• Insulin pump• Prefilled insulin pen

Insulin Types

• Rapid-acting• Short-acting• Intermediate-acting• Long-acting

Insulin Types and Actions

Adverse Effects

• Hypoglycemia• Diabetic Ketoacidosis• Lipohypertrophy• Lipoatrophy• Local skin reaction

Oral Antidiabetic Agents

• Type II diabetes• Exercise and diet changes first• Used if lifestyle modifications fail

Oral Antidiabetic Agents