Post on 28-Dec-2015
transcript
Dustin Borg, MEDustin Borg, ME
Patrick Henley, BMEPatrick Henley, BME
Ali Husain, BMEAli Husain, BME
Nick Stroeher, BMENick Stroeher, BME
Advisor: Dr. Joel BarnettAdvisor: Dr. Joel Barnett
What is Plasma?What is Plasma?Plasma is a state of matter with enough free charged particles so that its dynamics are heavily influenced by electromagnetic forces.
gaseous fluid-like mixture of ions, free electrons,radicals and excited atoms and molecules
The Plasma Needle uses Low-Temperature Plasma (LTP)
small fraction of neutral particles in gas are ionized
electrons are high energy; ions are ambient temp.
retains neutral charge
http://solar.physics.montana.edu/martens/plasma/
ProblemProblem Plaque can build up in blood vessels leading to infarctions, Plaque can build up in blood vessels leading to infarctions,
stoppage in blood flow or possibly to heart attackstoppage in blood flow or possibly to heart attack
Subjects Subjects [with] [with] cholesterol, were about two-and-a-half times more cholesterol, were about two-and-a-half times more likely to have advanced plaque blockages in their coronary arterieslikely to have advanced plaque blockages in their coronary arteries
Heart disease is America's major killerHeart disease is America's major killer SSevere blockage due to arterial plaque, a clot, a spasm, or any evere blockage due to arterial plaque, a clot, a spasm, or any
combination of these, may lead to a myocardial infarction, the combination of these, may lead to a myocardial infarction, the dreaded heart attack, resulting in cardiac dysfunction and often rapid dreaded heart attack, resulting in cardiac dysfunction and often rapid deathdeath
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Possible Solution?Possible Solution?
Cholesterol builds Cholesterol builds underneath the underneath the endothelium tissue at endothelium tissue at early stages of arterial early stages of arterial blockageblockage
Slowing – or possibly Slowing – or possibly eliminating – the eliminating – the buildup of cholesterol buildup of cholesterol beneath endothelium beneath endothelium tissue can hypothetical tissue can hypothetical lower the risk of lower the risk of arterial blockagearterial blockage
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Current Known Effects of Current Known Effects of Plasma on Cell TissuePlasma on Cell TissuePlasma Needle likely damages Plasma Needle likely damages CAMCAM proteins so that proteins so that
cholesterol is not able to bind to the endothelium cell wall cholesterol is not able to bind to the endothelium cell wall as easily, therefore meaning less cholesterol builds in as easily, therefore meaning less cholesterol builds in arteryartery
Destruction of CAM Destruction of CAM proliferation of proliferation of free radicalsfree radicals (O, OH); (O, OH); previous research shows that plasma does disperse free previous research shows that plasma does disperse free radicals in a localized area. Amount of free radicals at a radicals in a localized area. Amount of free radicals at a specific point depends on the distance from the plasmaspecific point depends on the distance from the plasma
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Project GoalProject Goal Design and Build a Working Design and Build a Working
Plasma-catheter Plasma-catheter – Construct functioning basic plasma Construct functioning basic plasma
needle prototypeneedle prototype– Design catheter Design catheter – Build catheter design incorporating Build catheter design incorporating
functioning plasma needlefunctioning plasma needle– Characterize plasma-catheter Characterize plasma-catheter
prototypeprototype– Refine design to suit surgical needsRefine design to suit surgical needs
Requirements to Meet Requirements to Meet GoalsGoals Flexibility: Flexibility:
– Tungsten electrodeTungsten electrode– Bending catheter should not affect gas helium flowBending catheter should not affect gas helium flow– Insulating materialInsulating material
Safety:Safety:– Minimal He flowMinimal He flow– Possibly requiring a separating material between Possibly requiring a separating material between
plasma discharge and biological tissueplasma discharge and biological tissue– No blood flowing into catheter and no bubbles No blood flowing into catheter and no bubbles
going into bloodstreamgoing into bloodstream
Our Progress So FarOur Progress So Far Faculty ConsultationFaculty Consultation
– Welding ExpertsWelding Experts– High Frequency Electronics TechnicianHigh Frequency Electronics Technician– Cardiovascular Surgeon Cardiovascular Surgeon – Electrode ResearcherElectrode Researcher
Design of Test Rig PrototypeDesign of Test Rig Prototype Arranging for Experimental SetupArranging for Experimental Setup
– Commissioning of Glass Test Rig to SpecificationsCommissioning of Glass Test Rig to Specifications– Arranging for Suitable Lab SpaceArranging for Suitable Lab Space– Acquisition of Necessary Electronic ComponentsAcquisition of Necessary Electronic Components– Acquisition of He Flow EquipmentAcquisition of He Flow Equipment– Purchasing of Other Necessary MaterialsPurchasing of Other Necessary Materials
Design of Catheter Design of Catheter – Research into Operating ParametersResearch into Operating Parameters– Brainstorm Potential DesignsBrainstorm Potential Designs– Selection of Best DesignSelection of Best Design
Plasma Needle Operating Plasma Needle Operating CharacteristicsCharacteristics RF Frequency = 13.56 MHz (universal)RF Frequency = 13.56 MHz (universal) P-P RF Voltage ~ 200 - 400 VP-P RF Voltage ~ 200 - 400 V Power Level ~ 100 – 400 mWPower Level ~ 100 – 400 mW Needle Resistance = 1.1 ohm Needle Resistance = 1.1 ohm Needle Capacitance = 28.8 pFNeedle Capacitance = 28.8 pF Plasma Resistance = 2 ohmsPlasma Resistance = 2 ohms
(Plasma discharge purely resistive) (Plasma discharge purely resistive)
Helium Flow = 0.1L/minHelium Flow = 0.1L/min Minimum Ignition Voltage = 250 VMinimum Ignition Voltage = 250 V
First Test RigFirst Test Rig
Diameter of Tungsten Needle = 0.3mm
Length = 5cm
Material: Glass
glassteflon coating
tungsten
helium
RF
5 cm
2 mm
Revised Test Rig Revised Test Rig Modifications:
1) Lengthened Input Opening
2) Enlarged Input Diameter
Hypodermic Needle
Teflon Coating for Needle
Glass
Electrode's Teflon Coating
Tungsten Electrode
50 mm35 mm2 mm
58 mm
Electrode coating
Needle coating
Electrode
HypodermicNeedle
Helium flow
25 mm
4.3 mmShaft
Length: 5 cm
Outer Diameter: 4 mm
Inner Diameter: 2 mm
Electrode Diameter: .3 mm
Teflon Needle Insulation
Stainless SteelHypodermic needle
Tungsten electrode
Teflon Electrode Insulation
10 mm Teflon overlap
25 mm needle tip
RF
Detailed View of Detailed View of Electrode Input Electrode Input
Function GeneratorFunction Generator
(Courtesy of our Dutch colleagues)(Courtesy of our Dutch colleagues)
RF Signal: 13.56 MHz
Max Power Output: 10 W
Variable MatchboxVariable MatchboxZ-11 QRP Automatic Antenna TunerZ-11 QRP Automatic Antenna Tuner
Manufacturer: LDG Electronics Inc.Manufacturer: LDG Electronics Inc. Size: 5.0 x 6.5 x 1.3” enclosureSize: 5.0 x 6.5 x 1.3” enclosure Tunes 6-800 ohm loadsTunes 6-800 ohm loads Tuning time: .1-3 secTuning time: .1-3 sec 1.8 – 30.0 MHz Coverage1.8 – 30.0 MHz Coverage Power range: .1-30 WPower range: .1-30 W
Z-11 QRP Automatic Antenna TunerZ-11 QRP Automatic Antenna Tuner
Config: Switched “L” networkConfig: Switched “L” network Microprocessor ControlledMicroprocessor Controlled Inductor range: 20 uHInductor range: 20 uH Capacitor range: 2700 pfCapacitor range: 2700 pf
Ramsey QRP Power MeterRamsey QRP Power Meter Continuous measurement from 1µWatts to 50Watts AllowsAllows measurement of both forward and re measurement of both forward and reflectedflected
powerpower
http://www.ramseyelectronics.com/cgi-bin/commerce.exe?preadd=action&key=PM10DC
Helium Helium Source and Source and Flow MeterFlow Meter
Helium on hand in EE Helium on hand in EE Welding LabWelding Lab
Flow meter is calibrated Flow meter is calibrated for really small flowsfor really small flows
External needle valve External needle valve possibly neededpossibly needed
CostsCosts
ItemItem CostCostRF GeneratorRF Generator $0$0
Ramsey QRP Power MeterRamsey QRP Power Meter $164.95$164.95
LDG Z-11 QRP AutotunerLDG Z-11 QRP Autotuner $125.95$125.95
Cole-Palmer Flow MeterCole-Palmer Flow Meter $179$179
Electric ConnectionsElectric Connections $23.24$23.24
Tungsten WireTungsten Wire $3.55$3.55
Teflon TubingTeflon Tubing $5$5
Hypodermic NeedlesHypodermic Needles $66$66
Glass Test RigGlass Test Rig $50$50
SumSum $617.69$617.69
Catheter Designs Catheter Designs
5 cm
Electrode coating
Electrode
HypodermicNeedle
20 mm35 mm
2 mm
Helium flow
4.3 mm
Flexible Catheter
(end view)
Potential Internal Catheter Configurations
Immediate GoalsImmediate Goals(through beginning of April)(through beginning of April)
1.1. Construction of plasma needle prototypeConstruction of plasma needle prototype Assess need for external needle valveAssess need for external needle valve Construct experimental setup in EE Welding LabConstruct experimental setup in EE Welding Lab Run simulation and make necessary modificationsRun simulation and make necessary modifications
2.2. Contact Coordinating GroupContact Coordinating Group Clarify necessary parameters for plasma characterizationClarify necessary parameters for plasma characterization Confirm parameters for final catheter design for use in rabbit Confirm parameters for final catheter design for use in rabbit
test subjects test subjects Establish communication with researchers planning to conduct Establish communication with researchers planning to conduct
animal testinganimal testing
3.3. Catheter Design WorkCatheter Design Work Continue discussions with local medical professionalsContinue discussions with local medical professionals Meet with Vanderbilt Catheter Lab specialistsMeet with Vanderbilt Catheter Lab specialists Construct catheter prototypeConstruct catheter prototype Conduct laboratory testing to characterize catheterConduct laboratory testing to characterize catheter
TimelineTimeline
DecemberDecember
JanuaryJanuary
FebruaryFebruary
MarchMarch
AprilApril
Gas Plasma & Catheter Research
Construction of Functioning Plasma Needle Prototype
Research & Design of Catheter
Catheter ConstructionPhysical Testing and Refinement of Plasma Catheter
Our Dutch Our Dutch CounterpartsCounterparts
Willem-Jan van Harskamp, Willem-Jan van Harskamp, Applied PhysicsApplied Physics
Vivian Roode, BMEVivian Roode, BME
Gijs Snieders, BMEGijs Snieders, BME
M. van Vlimmeren, BMEM. van Vlimmeren, BME
Advisor: Dr. Eva Advisor: Dr. Eva AdamowiczAdamowicz
Level of Development of Level of Development of Plasma Needle TechnologyPlasma Needle Technology
Completed:Completed: Evaluation of the electrical characteristics of the Evaluation of the electrical characteristics of the
plasma needleplasma needle Sensing the gap width by monitoring the discharge Sensing the gap width by monitoring the discharge
power consumptionpower consumption Adapted positioning sensor Adapted positioning sensor
Current:Current: Design Plasma-CatheterDesign Plasma-CatheterFuture:Future: Testing in animal blood vesselsTesting in animal blood vessels