Ms. Holton

Day 12

22 August 2019

Earth Science

1

8th Grade

Welcome!Your bell work for today is…

▪ Grab an atlas from the bookshelf in the back

▪ Look through a few maps and identify

▪ What makes it map?

▪ What components are a part of every map?

▪ What information can you get from a map?

2

Homework

▪ Read pp. 32-38

▪ Complete WB p. 21-22

▪ Start on vocab

3

▪ Elevation - The height above sea level.

▪ Relief - The difference in elevation between the

highest and lowest parts of an area

▪ Landform - A feature of the topography

4

Topography is the shape of the land

Describe Elevation and Relief

5Pali Coast State Park

Kauai, HI

Describe Elevation and Relief

6

Sapelo Island, GA

Salt Marsh

Describe Elevation and Relief

7

Describe Elevation and Relief

8Mt. Everest

Earth’s Surface: Plains

• Varying elevation, Low relief

−Nearly flat or with gently rolling hills

• Plains landform regions:

−Great Plains

−Gulf Coastal Plain

−Atlantic Coastal Plain

9Great Plains, MT

Earth’s Surface: Mountains

• High elevation, High relief

− Usually part of a mountain range

• Mountain landform regions:

− Appalachian Mtns

− Adirondack Mtns

− Rocky Mtns

− Sierra Nevada

− Coastal Range

− Cascade Range

10

Grand Teton, WY

Monte Fitz Roy, Patagonia

Earth’s Surface: Plateaus

• High elevation, Low relief

− more-or-less level surface

• Landform regions which are plateaus

− Piedmont Plateau

− Appalachian Plateau

− Ozark Plateau

− Colorado Plateau

− Snake Plateau

− Columbia Plateau

11Columbia Plateau, ID/WA/OR

Colorado Plateau, AZ

▪ Title – specifies area shown

▪ Scale – shows relationship between map vs.

actual distance

▪ Practice!

▪ Compass rose – orients map relative to true north

▪ Legend - symbols and meanings

▪ Date - when map information was recorded

12

Components of a Map

13

Components of a Map

Cardinal

directions?

14

Latitude and Longitude form a coordinate system grid for Earth

Equator and Prime Meridian

• Equator

− Horizontal line encircling

Earth halfway between

the poles, dividing N & S

hemisphere

• Prime Meridian

− Vertical line encircling the

Earth through N & S pole

• Used as the origin in a

system of coordinates

15

Latitude and Longitude

16

• Based on the angle at the center of the Earth

• Latitude

− Angle N or S of equator

− Equator is 0° latitude

• Longitude

− Angle E or W of prime meridian

− Prime meridian is defined as 0° long through Greenwich, England

Ms. Holton

Day 13

23 August 2019

Earth Science

17

8th Grade

Welcome!Your bell work for today is…

▪ Pick up a Longitude and Latitude Packet

▪ Complete #1 – 4

18

Homework

▪ Read pp. 39-43

▪ Complete WB pp. 26 (bottom half only)

19

Class Greeter?

How long did

you lab report

take?

20

51.5 ° N 0.1 ° W

55.8 ° N 37.6 ° E

40.7 ° N 74.0 ° W

33.9 ° S 151.2 ° E

Latitude and longitude pinpoints any location on Earth’s surface

21

Phoenix

33N, 112W

Los Angeles

34N, 118WChicago

42N, 88W

Boston

42N, 71W

Earth has two sets of poles!

• Magnetic poles have changed throughout history

− NOT the same as the geographic poles

• Geographic polesnever change

− True North is the direction to the geographic North Pole

22

Magnetic Declination

• A correction for the

difference between

geographic north and

magnetic north

• Measured as degrees

E or W of true north

• Declination is positive

when the magnetic

north is E of true north

23

Scottsdale

+10º 11’

24

25

Magnetic declination changes over time

26

Compare the size of Greenland to the United States

27

Compare the size of Greenland to the United States

28

What is the difference between these two maps?

The projection!

How does a cartographer deal with the translation

of a round-ish Earth to a flat map/screen?

29

Maps are flat. Earth is round.

Features are projected onto a flat surface as if a

light were aimed at the planet, casting a shadow

30

Map Projections

31

Basic Types of Map Projects

Planar/AzimuthalCylindrical/Mercator

Ms. Holton

Day 14

26 August 2019

Earth Science

32

8th Grade

▪ Projected onto a cylinder touching only at Equator

▪ High distortion at poles (Greenland)

▪ Preserves shapes

33

Cylindrical or Mercator Projection

34

▪ Projected onto cone that touches at one parallel

▪ Distorts north and south of that parallel

▪ Preserves size (Equal-Area)

35

Conic Projection

Planar or Azimuthal Projection

36

• Projected onto a plane

• Touches at only one

point, often N or S pole

• Distorts farther away

from point of contact