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EARTHQUAKE SAFE BUILDING PRACTICES
Dr. S. K. PrasadProfessor of Civil EngineeringS. J. College of EngineeringMysuru 570006skprasad@sjce.ac.inPh: +91-94496-21994
This presentation contains
• Learning from past earthquakes• Bhuj Earthquake (2001)• Latur Eathquake (1993)• Haiti Earthquake (2010)• East Japan Earthquake (2011)
•Fundamental definitions
•Syllabus for CV744
•References & Web sites
Date January 26, 2001
Magnitude 7.7 Mw
Depth 16 km
Epicenter 23.419°N 70.232°E
Countries India
Max. intensity X
Casualties
20,000 deaths
1504,000 injured, 200,000 homeless
230,000 houses destroyed
400000 damaged, 18000 cattle dead
Damage estimate $1.3 billion USD
BHUJ EARTHQUAKE
M = 6.2 MwDepth 12 km30th Sept 19933-56 am20000 deathsUnengineeredNo bandsNo keysPoor mortar
Latur Earthquake
Poor in resisting Horizontal force
Date 21:53:10, 12 January 2010 (UTC)
Magnitude 7.0 MW
Focal Depth
13 km
Epicenter location
Close to Port Au Prince
Countries affected
Haiti, Dominican Republic, Cuba, The Bahamas, Jamaica
Max. intensity
MM X
Casualties
Deaths : 2.5 LakhInjured : 3 LakhDisplaced : 1.3 LakhHouses Destroyed : 1.0 LakhHouses Damaged : 2.0 Lakh
Out of 30 Lakh Population
HAITI EARTHQUAKE
Comparison of Earthquake Safe Construction Capability
HAITI INDIA JAPAN
Haiti Earthquake Bhuj Earthquake Ryukyu Island Earthquake
Port Au Prince Bhuj, Gujarat 26 Feb 2010
12 Jan 2010 26 Jan 2001 Mw 7.0, 1 Death
Mw 7.0 Mw 7.7 Izu Island Earthquake
MM X MM X 9th Aug 2009
Focal Depth 13 km Focal Depth 15 km Mw 7.1, 0 Death
2.5 Lakh Deaths 20,000 Deaths Iwate Miyagi Nairiku Earthquake
3 Lakh Injured 1.67 Lakh Injured 14 June 2008
1.3 Lakh Displaced - Mw 6.9, 12 Deaths
1.0 Lakh Houses Destroyed 2.0 Lakh Houses Destroyed Noto Peninsula Earthquake
2.0 Lakh Houses Damaged 4.0 Lakh Houses Damaged 25 March 2007
Mw 6.9, 1 Death
Kuril Island Earthquake
15 Nov 2006
Mw 7.9, 0 Death
Magnitude 9.0Intensity > XDate : Friday, the 11th March 2011Time : ~ 2.30 pm in JAPANLocation : 38.322o N and 148.369o EFocal depth 24.4 kmRegion : Near East Coast of Honshu island, JapanDistance 130 km east of Sendai
178 km east of Yamagata178 km east north-east of Fukushima373 km north east of Tokyo
Japan Earthquake
Honshu Island moved by 2.4 m
Duration of shaking 3 to 5 minutes
Number of after shocks > 400, some with M 7.2
Change in length of day caused by redistribution of earth mass : 1.8 microsecond shorter
Japan Earthquake
KNET station, Ishinomaki
Death Toll : More than 25000
Evacuated : About 5 Lakh People
Infrastructure : Entire towns were wiped off the map, Houses, cars, ships, buildings were washed away, roads buckled, highways collapsed, power lines tangled, railway tracks damaged
1.2 Lakh houses damaged, 15000 houses completely destroyed
Economic loss: USD 350 Billion (Rs.1750000 Crore)
Japan Earthquake
One of FUKUSHIMA nuclear Power Plants before and after the event
Nuclear radiationChernobyl radiation – Level 7Fukushima radiation – a close second
Date : Saturday, the 25th April 2015Location : 28.147°N & 84.708°ETime : ~ 11.41.26 am Focal depth 15 kmMagnitude 7.9Intensity > IX
Nepal earthquake of 2015
Earthquake may be caused by volcanic eruption or by strain building process inside the earth mass.
UNPREDICTABLE
Vibrations of the earth surface caused by waves originating from a source of
disturbance in the earth mass
EARTHQUAKE
INDIAN STANDARDS FOR EARTHQUAKE DESIGN
IS : 1893 –2002
Criteria for Earthquake Design of Structures
IS : 4326 –1976
Code of Practice for Earthquake Resistant Design & Construction of Buildings
IS : 13920 –1993
Code of Practice for Ductile Detailing of R C Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces
SP: 22 Explanatory Handbook on Codes for Earthquake Engineering
Different Parts of IS:1893
Part 1 General Provisions and Buildings
Part 2 Liquid Retaining Tanks– Elevated and Ground Supported
Part 3 Bridges and Retaining Walls
Part 4 Industrial Structures Including Stack Like Structures
Part 5 Dams and Embankments
Syllabus of CV744Introduction to Earthquake Engineering
Chapter #
CO Topic
1 I Vibration theory of SDoF system
2 II Engineering Seismology
3 II Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering
4 II Earthquake Disaster Management
5 III Performance of RC Structures
6 III Performance of Masonry Structures
7 IV Philosophy of Earthquake Resistant Design
8 IV Methods of analysis and determination of lateral force
Text Books & References
S No
Authors Details
1 P. Agarwal & M. Shirkhande
Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, PHI, 2006
2 S.L. Kramer Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, PHI, 1996
3 S.K. Jain & C.V.R. Murthy
Earthquake Tips, NICEE, IIT Kanpur, 2009
4 S.K. Duggal Earthquake resistant design of structures, Oxford University Press, 2007
5 Bureau of Indian Standards
All relevant IS Codes, specially IS 1893, Part 1, 2002
Is prediction ofearthquake possible?????
Perhaps each one of you can get noble prize for providing scientific proof of different available methods.
Animals, fishes and birds are considered Better predictors.
Prediction is still an art. Present advances in technology can not predict, control or Stop earthquakes. We can only attempt To control the damaging effects.